2024北京高三(上)期末英语汇编-阅读理解d篇.docx

2024北京高三（上）期末英语汇编阅读理解D篇一、阅读理解（2024北京大兴高三上期末）We often think about relationships on a scale from positive to negative. We are drawn to loving family members, caring classmates and supportive mentors. We do our best to avoid the cruel uncle, the playground bully and the jerk boss.But the most toxic relationships aren’t the purely negative ones. They’re the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But ifs not just friends. It’s the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but belittle your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your stomach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships.I had assumed that with a neighbor or a colleague, having some positive interactions was better than all negative interactions. But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesn’t reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And it’s not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood.Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people gave impromptu speeches on controversial topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. “I would have gone about the topic differently, but you’re doing fine” proved to be more distressing than “I totally disagree with everything you’ve said.”The evidence that ambivalent relationships can be bad for us is strong, but the reasons can be harder to read — just like the relationships themselves.The most intuitive reason is that ambivalent relationships are unpredictable. With a clear enemy, you put up a shield when you cross paths. With a frenemy, you never know whether Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde is going to show up. Feeling unsure can disrupt the body’s calming system and activate a fight-or-flight response. It’s unsettling to hope for a hug while also preparing for a likely quarrel.Another factor is that unpleasant interactions are more painful in an ambivalent relationship. It’s more upsetting to be let down by people you like sometimes than by people you dislike all the time. When someone stabs you in the back, it stings more if he’s been friendly to your face.1．Which of the following can be counted as a frenemy?A．Your neighbour’s kid who advises you to study hard but idles away his own time.B．Your classmate who admires your diligence at first, but doubts your intelligence later.C．Your mother’s friend who encourages you to spend more time on homework but less on smart phones.D．Your father’s colleague who proposes you to do a moderate amount of homework while ensuring adequate sleep.2．Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?A．Ambivalent relationships have a permanent effect on your well-being.B．The common cause for high blood pressure is ambivalent relationship.C．Ambivalent interactions will be more painful if it is done consciously.D．The negative impact of ambivalent interactions is direct and strong.3．The underlined word “belittle” in paragraph 2 probably means ______.A．devalue B．appreciate C．respect D．abuse4．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A．Some Negative Relationships Are Bad for Your HealthB．Your Most Ambivalent Relationships Are the Most ToxicC．The Reasons for Ambivalent Relationships Are UnpredictableD．Some Positive Relationships Are Better than All Negative Ones（2024北京朝阳高三上期末）The Age of Information is mushrooming, perhaps even bulging. If you tried to download all the data available today, you’d need more than 180 million years to do so. But you are wrong to assume that all this information would stimulate a boost of innovation to match the output of data. Indeed, the last time we found ourselves in a period of significant innovation, pursuing the ideas with the biggest spark, was more than 120 years ago, in a period called the Age of Insight. Innovations, both big and small, start with a new idea. Often, these ideas occur as a moment of insight-the result of a novel connection in our brains made between existing and new information. Studies show insights involve quiet signals deep in the brain, just under the surface of awareness. Anything that helps us notice quiet signals, such as taking breaks between meetings, only adopting necessary learning approaches or avoiding distractions like social media, can increase the chance of insights. However, it’s becoming more challenging to find those quiet signals with the increasing use of technology, filling every moment with emergencies and an endless supply o。