英文写作如何运用比喻手法.doc

英文写作如何运用比喻手法 It is as if For example For instance, It is similar to ---------- Mataphor A figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common. A metaphor expresses the unfamiliar (the tenor) in terms of the familiar (the vehicle). When Neil Young sings, "Love is a rose," "rose" is the vehicle for "love," the tenor. Examples: "Between the lower east side tenements the sky is a snotty handkerchief." (Marge Piercy, "The Butt of Winter") "The streets were a furnace, the sun an executioner." (Cynthia Ozick, "Rosa") "But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill." (William Sharp, "The Lonely Hunter") "Mens words are bullets, that their enemies take up and make use of against them." (George Savile, Maxims of State) "A man may break a word with you, sir, and words are but wind." (Shakespeare, The Comedy of Errors) "The rain came down in long knitting needles." (Enid Bagnold, National Velvet) Lenny: Hey, maybe there is no cabin. Maybe its one of them metaphorical things. Carl: Oh yeah, yeah. Like maybe the cabin is the place inside each of us, created by our goodwill and teamwork. Lenny: Nah, they said there would be sandwiches. (The Simpsons) "Memory is a crazy woman that hoards colored rags and throws away food." (Austin OMalley, Keystones of Thought) "It would be more illuminating . . . to say that the metaphor creates the similarity than to say that it formulates some similarity antecedently existing." (Max Black, Models and Metaphors, 1962)6.英语语法学习,英语比喻的修辞手法,你知道的有几种 在英语语法中，关于比喻的修辞手法大致有四种，分别是明喻，暗喻，提喻以及借喻。

学会这几种比喻的修辞手法，对英语文章的写作和英语阅读理解大有帮助 【1】首先是明喻〔Simile〕: 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等通过明喻，能够通过读者熟悉的对象更加生动形象地了解不熟悉的对象，从而表达出的特定情感或者态度〔mood or attitude〕请看以下例子： Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit. I wandered lonely as a cloud. 【2】 暗喻〔Metaphor〕: 暗喻与明喻非常类似，也是讲具有某个共同特征的两个不同事物联系在一起，但是不用as,as…as,as if,like,seem等的比喻词与明喻相似，隐喻能把描述的对象更形象的浮现给读者因为不使用比喻词，所以通常我们会更加关注与隐喻背后的引申义，而不是仅仅是它的字面义 Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 【3】 借喻〔Metonymy〕: 以喻体来代替本体，本体和喻词都不出现，直接把甲〔本体〕说成乙〔喻体〕。

借喻由于只有喻体出现，所以能产生更加深厚、含蓄的表达效果，同时也使语言更加简洁 The kettle boils. 水开了 The room sat silent. 全屋人宁静地坐着 【4】 提喻〔Synecdoche〕 提喻用部分代替全体，或用全体代替部分，或特别代替一般 There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人 He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿。