
aviationenglishreadingimagesunits1to4PPT精品文档.ppt
79页UNIT ONE Types of Aircraft1airship飞艇飞艇 A self-propelled lighter-than-air craft with directional control surfaces. Also called dirigible. 2rigid airship 硬式飞艇3Blimp 软式小飞艇The Goodyear blimp, like other nonrigid airships, has no internal supporting structure; the pressure of the buoyant gas maintains the bag’s shape. Blimps are rarely used for their original purpose of transportation, but their hovering capabilities, high visibility, and enormous surface area make them attractive for advertising.4axisaxis 轴线 5axis 轴线 A line passing through an airplane about which it may revolve. An airplane has three mutually perpendicular axes, each passing through the center of gravity--longitudinal from nose to tail, measuring roll (横滚); lateral, from wing tip to wing tip, measuring pitch (俯仰); and vertical, from back to belly, measuring yaw (偏航).67glider 滑翔机 A light, engineless aircraft designed to glide after being towed aloft or launched from a catapult. 8Early Glider An early aviation enthusiast tests a biplane glider. Gliders gave early engineers such as the Wright brothers valuable information on aerodynamics and construction methods that would later make controlled, powered flight a reality.9glider catapult 滑翔机弹射器10catapult-launch11sailplane 翱翔机翱翔机 A light glider used especially for soaring. 12ultralight 13 landing gear 起落架,着陆装置 14Landing gear designsSome planes have a tail-wheel landing gear 后三点式起落架后三点式起落架--1 wheel under the tail and 1 under each side of the fuselage or wing. Most planes have a tricycle landing gear前三點式起落架前三點式起落架--1 to 4 wheels under the nose and 2 to 20 under the midfuselage or 1 or 4 wheels under the nose and 1 to 10 under each side of the wing. 15aerobatic flight 16airplane parts17UNIT TWO Principles of Aircraft Flight 18chord 弦;弦长 The dimension between the leading and trailing edges of an airfoil section.19laminar flow: 层流 (A type of flow in a liquid or gas in which neighboring layers do not mix but flow at different velocities.) 20Four forces act on an airplane in flight: (1) gravity, (2) lift, (3) drag, and (4) thrust. 重力 升力阻力 推力 Gravity is the natural force that pulls a plane toward the ground. Lift opposes gravity and pushes the plane upward. Drag is the natural force of air opposing a plane's forward movement. Thrust opposes drag and moves the plane forward.21lift22 propellerA propeller blade resembles a plane wing. Like a wing, it has a tip, root, leading edge, and trailing edge. The blades are attached to an engine-driven shaft 轴轴 by a hub 叶毂叶毂 (gū). 23How thrust is produced by a propeller blades24How thrust is produced by a jet engine A jet engine takes in air at low velocity (speed). A compressor increases the pressure of the air. The compressed air is then burned with jet fuel in a combustion chamber, forming a high-velocity exhaust. The exhaust moves rapidly backward through the engine, which causes the engine to move forward. The exhaust also spins a turbine, which runs the engine parts. 25angle of attack 攻角26crankshaft 曲轴:a shaft (轴) that drives or is driven by a crank (曲柄), e.g. one attached to a connecting rod (连杆)in an internal-combustion engine27往复式发动机的主要部分包括气缸,曲轴箱,和附件壳。
进气排气阀28turboprop 涡轮螺旋桨发动机 A jet engine whose exhaust gases drive a turbine-connected propeller and also produce thrust.29empennage尾翼(面),尾部: the tail of an airplane.30An elliptical wing like that used on the Supermarine Spitfire fighter of World War II 31wing shapes32double-wedge shaped wings33(the fuselage) a so-called wasp-waist, or Coke-bottle, shape 34Mach number 马赫数 A number expressing the ratio of the speed of a moving body or of air to the speed of sound, with Mach 1.0 equal to the speed of sound. (refer to Supplementary Reading of Unit 2)transonic接近音速的跨;音速的 Of or relating to aerodynamic flow or flight conditions at speeds close to the speed of sound.hypersonic 极超音速的 Of, relating to, or capable of speed equal to or exceeding five times the speed of sound.35Mach numbercritical Mach number 临界马赫数临界马赫数 36UNIT THREEAirplane and Its Structure37Airplane parts38torque 扭扭(力力)矩,转矩,转(力力)矩矩 A force which produces twisting(扭转), such as rolling of an airplane in reaction to the rotating propeller or turning of a helicopter fuselage because of the revolving rotor (旋翼). 39rotor 40autogiro 自转旋翼机An aircraft powered by a conventional propeller and supported in flight by a freewheeling(自行旋转的), horizontal rotor(水平旋翼)that provides lift.41ornithopter 扑翼机 A machine shaped like an aircraft that is held aloft and propelled by wing movements.42seaplane 水上飞机 Aircraft that take off from and land on water.43pontoons = floats 浮筒44amphibian 两栖飞机,水陆两用飞机 Aircraft that can operate on both land and sea.45flying boat 水上飞机 A large seaplane that floats on its hull (外壳) rather than on pontoons (浮筒).46VTOL = vertical take-off and landing 垂直起落47The STOL (short take-off and landing) craft is an airplane that takes off and lands very steeply 48monocoque 单壳机身, 硬壳式结构 A metal structure, such as an aircraft, in which the skin absorbs all or most of the stresses to which the body is subjected. (bulkhead 舱壁)49convertiplane 垂直起落换向式飞机 An aircraft designed to fly vertically (like a helicopter) and horizontally (like a fixed-wing plane).50rotary-wing aircraft 旋翼(飞)机 (cf.定翼机 fixed-wing aircraft)定翼机 fixed-wing aircraft51strut 支柱,撑杆 52biplane 双翼飞机, 复翼飞机 An airplane having two pairs of wings fixed at different levels, especially one above and one below the fuselage.53triplane54spar 翼梁 The principal longitudinal member in a wing or other airfoil that carry the ribs. rib 翼肋 One of many transverse(横向的)pieces that provide an airplane wing with shape and strength.55stabilizer 安定面 An airfoil that stabilizes an aircraft in flight.56tricycle gear 三点式起落架 A landing gear consists of two large wheels or wheelgroups behind the center of gravity and a third wheel, called the nosewheel, in front of the two main wheels.57nosewheel 前轮,鼻轮A landing-gear wheel under the nose of an airplane.58landing gear Some large aircraft have more than two rear wheelgroups. 59Ex.: airplane parts for identification 60key6162UNIT FOUR Primary Flight Controls 63airplane parts with functions64This drawing shows the parts of a light plane, a Piper Cherokee. The basic parts are the wing, fuselage (body), tail, landing gear, and engine. Some other parts, such as the ribs and spars in the wing, are structural. Still other parts, including the ailerons, flaps, rudder, and stabilator, are used to control the plane. The drawing also shows the wing's root, tip, and leading and trailing edges.65control stick 66The cockpit of a Concorde jet shows the complexity of flight control. Electronic and computerized equipment in the cockpit provides information regarding navigation, speed, altitude, landing, and engine performance. 67cockpit68cockpit 69aileron 副翼 Either of two movable flaps(襟翼)on the wings of an airplane that can be used to control the plane's rolling and banking movements.70flap and aileron71trim tab 调整片,修正片 A flight control surface that can be adjusted in flight by the pilot, for trimming out control forces. Also called trimming tab. 72thrust reverser 反推力装置73spoiler 扰流板 A long, narrow hinged plate on the upper surface of an airplane wing that reduces lift and increases drag when raised.74slat (前缘)缝翼 A movable auxiliary airfoil running along the leading edge of the wing of an airplane. flap (后缘)襟翼,襟板 A movable control surface at rear of wing for increasing lift or drag in takeoff or landing. 7576flap77flap78若有不当之处,请指正,谢谢!79。












