非谓语todoppt课件.ppt
34页
1 不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语不定式不定式2;. 一.结构结构 : to do (否定否定) not to do 二二. 时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing--------------------3 一.解释(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或是在它之后发生2)如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式Theypretendedtobestudyingwhentheteachercamein.I`msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.I want to have a holiday as soon as possible .4 1. 作主语作主语2. 作宾语作宾语3. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4. 作定语作定语5. 作状语作状语6. 作表语作表语7. 作独立成分作独立成分8. 与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用5 三三. 用法用法/ 功能功能To see is to believe.It’s important to learn .(1). 主语主语不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis(2). 表语表语6 不定式做真正主语的两个特殊句型不定式做真正主语的两个特殊句型* It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do… eg: It is brave of him to save the girl in the water.注意：在此句型中，注意：在此句型中，adj. 只能用可以修饰行为、动作及人物的形容词。
只能用可以修饰行为、动作及人物的形容词例如：例如：kind, nice, good, brave, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, honest, careless, cruel, generous etc.*It is +adj.+for sb.(用宾格用宾格) +to do… eg.1: It is not difficult for us to learn English well. eg.2: It is right for him to work here.注意：这里的注意：这里的adj. 不能表示人的性质，只能表示某事或某物的性不能表示人的性质，只能表示某事或某物的性 质例如：例如：difficult, wonderful, meaningful, painful,useful7 I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3) 宾语宾语think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, set outchoose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. 8 The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4). 宾补宾补五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三使三使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feelwarn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等9 I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).不定式用在不定式用在but, except, besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.10 I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(5). 定语定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.11 •不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。
而且放在其他后置定语之后1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作我有很多工作要做 (2)主谓关系主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来他总是第一个来 (3)同位关系同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会我们都有上大学的机会12 2. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词 He is looking for a room to live in. 他在找一个房间住他在找一个房间住3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去 He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住他没钱没地方住13 4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语注意比较：注意比较：1.Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you））2. Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的的动作执行者是已被省略的me或或someone else））14 I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语状语in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too….to.,15 (7).独立结构独立结构•to be frank, •to be honest, •to tell the truthTo tell the truth, I don’t agree with you.16 •关于小品词关于小品词to (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词. eg: Would you like to go with me ? I’d like to .(2). 不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构, be 不可省不可省. eg: Would you like to be a teacher? I’d like to be.17 •不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what who,which, when, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。
当主语、表语、宾语等He didn’t know what to say. .他不知道说什么他不知道说什么 (宾语宾语) ) How to solve the problem is very important. .如何解决这个问题很重要如何解决这个问题很重要 (主语主语) ) My question is when to start. .我的问题是什么时候开始我的问题是什么时候开始 (表语表语) )注意：注意：•在与在与whywhy连用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带不带toto Why not have a rest?18 • •固定句型固定句型固定句型固定句型: :1.had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事2.Why (not) do sth.?3.…prefer to do/prefer doing4.…prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B5.…prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B6.…would rather (not) do sth.7.…would rather do A than (do) B8.…would rather + 句子（过去式）句子（过去式） （虚拟语气）（虚拟语气） 要做要做……19 (1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/ /几乎几乎/ /发生在发生在它之后它之后.).)( (在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时, ,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行) )( (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )(4).We’re happy to have been working with you. ( (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前, ,不定式的不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续) )20 1.My teacher was made _____ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants ____ once more.A.explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered ____ the northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being21 4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _____ for him without delay.A.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard ____.A.learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.—The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot ______.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off22 7.---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? ---The key ____ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers.A.to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. ---What do you think of the school? ----It is a very good _____.A.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study23 9. ---Did you get a job? --- No, I ___ , but it’s no use.A.expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work ___ ahead of time.A.to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.---I usually go to Shanghai by train. ----Why not ___ there by boat for a change?A.to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go 24 12.___ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than ___ for food.A.beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended ____ when his mother entered.A.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read25 26 1. Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. don’t make3. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job.A.expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects27 4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____.A.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didn’t know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 28 7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed ____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to29 10. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating11. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented30 13. Little Jim should love ____ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. ____ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us ____ so much noise. A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make31 1.He was overheard to say that he hoped John would resign.2.Peter was made to wait outside.3.He was heard to unlock the door and go out.4.The man was seen to shoot the woman on the street.5.The old lady was noticed to wipe her face with a handkerchief.32 1.I forgot to ask you to go to the bank.2.It is very important to turn off the electricity before you check the machine.3.I know how to make a mouse out of my handkerchief.4.Luckily, we don’t have much more work to do.5.She was very pleased to have the opportunity to travel while she was young.6.She has been very successful in her work, and now her greatest wish is to get married and have a child.33 1. … started pushing/ to push…2. … promised to go…3. … advise you to eat…4. … began shouting/to shout…5. … avoid falling …6. … forget to call…7. … felt like throwing…8. … let them stay…1. a. to tell b. spending2. a. putting b. to check3. a. talking b. to make c. to drink4. a. to get b. thinking34 。
