人教版八年级英语下册ppt课件Unit-10Grammar-Focus.ppt
32页
1 Read the following sentences.How long have you had that bike over there?I’ve had it for three years.How long has his son owned the train and railway set?He’s owned it since his famous birthday.Have you ever played football?Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a while now.2 现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始、一直现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始、一直持续到现在，多与持续到现在，多与“since +点时间点时间”或或“for +段时间段时间”连连用for表示表示“经过经过(一段时间一段时间)”，而，而since表示表示“自从自从(……以来以来)” 常见结构如下：常见结构如下：现在完成时现在完成时--- since 和和 for 的用法的用法3 for +表示一段表示一段时间时间的状的状语语 一段一段时间时间+ agosince + 表示表示过过去的某一去的某一时间时间点点 从句从句来看几个例句吧：来看几个例句吧：He has lived here for 16 years. 他住在这里有十六年了。
他住在这里有十六年了He has lived here since 16 years ago. 他从十六年前起就住在这里了他从十六年前起就住在这里了He has lived here since 1991. 他从他从1991年起就住在这里了年起就住在这里了He has lived here since he was born. 他从出生起就住在这里他从出生起就住在这里4 在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用常用how longHow long have you played basketball?How long have you been collecting shells?--- How long has Mary been a teacher?--- Since two years ago.5 介词介词 for 短语表示一个时间段，指某个动作或情况到短语表示一个时间段，指某个动作或情况到现在为止已持续了多久；现在为止已持续了多久；since 作为介词，接一个时间作为介词，接一个时间名词；作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句名词；作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句(从句动词一从句动词一般是短暂性动词般是短暂性动词)。
since 表示表示“自自…以来以来”，指某个动，指某个动作或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在，因此，与作或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在，因此，与 for 或或 since 引出的时间状语连用的句子引出的时间状语连用的句子(或主语或主语)谓语动谓语动词必须是词必须是延续性延续性的6 英语中有些动词的意义不能延续，表示的是一瞬间就英语中有些动词的意义不能延续，表示的是一瞬间就结束的动作，这些动词被称为结束的动作，这些动词被称为非延续性非延续性动词或动词或短暂性短暂性动动词，常见的如词，常见的如 come, leave, go, lose, see, begin, start, arrive, become, die, buy, borrow, close, join, reach, fall, get up 等这类动词可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中等这类动词可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中不能与表示动作延续的时间状语不能与表示动作延续的时间状语 for 或或 since 短语连用短语连用如：如： 正正: He has come back. 他已回来他已回来 误误: He has come back for three days. 7 若要表示若要表示“他回来已三天了他回来已三天了”这样的意思，可以这样的意思，可以将动词改为将动词改为延续性动词延续性动词，或改变时间状语，或改用，或改变时间状语，或改用别的句型等，如译为：别的句型等，如译为： He has been back for three days. (改变谓语动词改变谓语动词) He has been back since three days ago. (改变谓语动词改变谓语动词) He came back three days ago. (改变时间状语及动词时态改变时间状语及动词时态) It’s three days since he came back. (改变句型改变句型) 8 come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive, reach, borrow, lend, get to know等这等这些短暂性动词如果要谈论一个动作发生在过去某些短暂性动词如果要谈论一个动作发生在过去某个时间点，我们可以使用个时间点，我们可以使用ago或一般过去时。
如：或一般过去时如：9 Kitty has left Beijing for two days.Kitty left Beijing two days ago.Kitty has been away from Beijing for two days.Kitty has bought her purse since last year.Kitty bought her purse a year ago.Kitty has had her purse for a year.√√√√xx10 在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词短暂性动词转转化为相同意义的化为相同意义的延续性动词延续性动词或状态动词或状态动词 初中英语中常见的有：初中英语中常见的有： 短暂性动词短暂性动词延续性动词延续性动词go, leave, movearrive, come, reachjoin, becomebuy, get (得到得到)be away (off), be out of be here , be in +某地某地be in, be a (an) + n.have11 fall ill (asleep)finish, endbegin , startbegin to learn (work, read, rain)go outget upborrowget to knowdielosebe ill (asleep)be overbe onlearn, work , read, rainbe outbe upkeepknow be deadbe lost短暂性动词短暂性动词延续性动词延续性动词12 非延续性非延续性动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中不能与动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中不能与for 或或 since引出的短语引出的短语(或句子或句子)连用，但在否定句中是可以的，连用，但在否定句中是可以的，因为一个因为一个非延续性动词非延续性动词一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可以延续的。
如：总是可以延续的如： I haven’t seen him for a long time. 我很久没见到他了我很久没见到他了 He hasn’t come here for some time. 他有段时间没来了他有段时间没来了 I haven’t heard from her since she left. 自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信 13 4aRewrite the sentences using for or since.1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago.2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009. Jim has been in Japan for three days.They have not eaten for ten hours.I have had a camera since 2009.4. I know Ann. I first met her three years ago.5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday. I have known Anna for three years.Linda has been ill since Monday.14 4bFill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.1.I _______________ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _____(go) next month before the weather gets too cold.2. They ________________ (never own) any pets, but they ___________________ (always want) to have a dog.have never beengohave never ownedhave always wanted15 3. We ________ (have) a piano since last November. We ________ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.4. Cathy and Amy _________________________ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They _____ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.have hadhave not been/haven’t beenboughtmiss5. This museum ________ (be) here for over 20 years. It ____ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.has beenis16 1. Do you have a(n) ________? How long have you had it?2. Do you own a(n) ________? How long have you owned it?ThingsHow longTonyfavorite bookbasketballfor two years since he was 10 years oldStudent 1Student 24cFill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.17 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1．．We ____________(not see) each other since I ____(leave) the university.2．．The hospital _________(be) here for 10 years. It ____ (be) the tallest building in our city.3．．She _______________(never be) to the amusement park since two years ago. Her parents __________(take) her there next week.4．．I don't want to give away my football shirts although I ______________ (not play) for a while now.5．．I _________________(never visit) the Great Wall before. I want _________(visit) it one day.haven't seenlefthas beenishas never beenwill takehaven't playedhave never visitedto visit18 6. The old man __________(live) here since 1992.7. _______ you _________(visit) our factory yet?8. I ____________ (not see) you for a long time. You _____________(change) a lot.9. I’m afraid I __________(keep) you waiting for a long time.10. He __________(know) the city since he was very young.has livedHavevisitedhaven’t seenhave changedhave kepthas known19 ( ) 1. I ______ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai. A. didn’t hear from B. don’t hear from C. won’t hear from D. haven’t heard fromD( )2. Not only Jam but also his parents _______ a few interesting places since they came to China. A. will visit B. has visited C. have visited D. visited C二二. 单项选择单项选择20 ( )3. —Excuse me, where is Mr. Brown's office? —Sorry, I don’t know. I _____ here for only a few days. A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will workC( ) 4. My grandmother ______ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. A．．sees B. can see C. will see D. has seenD21 ( ) 5.I _______ many new friends since I came here. A. make B. made C. will make D. have madeD( ) 6.My aunt is a writer. She _____ more than ten books since 1980. A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will writeC22 ( )7. Some boys in our class _____ the football club for a year. They are crazy about playing football now. （（2017·哈哈尔滨）尔滨） A. joined B. have joined C. have been in ( )8. — ______is it from your house to the bookstore? — It’s about fifteen minutes’ walk. （（2017·哈尔滨）哈尔滨） A. How long B. How far C. How often CB23 ( ) 9. My mother _____ a good example for me since I was young.（（2016·陕西）陕西） A. was B. has been C. will be D. isB( ) 10. Uncle Liang ________ in Haikou since 1980, so he knows a lot about the city. （（2016·海南）海南） A. is living B. has lived C. livedB24 ( ) 11. William Shakespeare ______ for 400 years, but his works still have great influence today. （（2016·山东青岛）山东青岛） A. died B. was dying C. has died D. has been deadD( ) 12. ---What a nice watch! How long _____ you ____it? ---For just two weeks.（（2016·天津）天津） A. will , buy B. have, had C. were, having D. did, buyB25 ( ) 13. Premier Zhou Enlai _____ for many years, he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people. （（2015安顺）安顺） A. died B. was died C. has been died D. has been deadD( )14. I _____ scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. （（2015杭州）杭州） A. will be B. was C. have been D. would beC26 ( ) 15. — Do you know Diaoyu Island?—Sure. It ______ China since ancient times. 【【2014湖湖北咸宁北咸宁】】 A. belongs to B. belonged to C. has belonged to D. is belonging toC( ) 16.He _____ in this factory for 20 years already. 【【2014北京北京】】 A. will work B. works C. has worked D. is working C27 三、按要求完成下列句子。
三、按要求完成下列句子1．．Her parents came to China five years ago.(改改为为同同义义句句) Her parents _______________ China ____ five years.2．．My father left home the day before yesterday.(用用for two days改写句改写句子子) My father __________________home for two days.3．．Susan bought the umbrella the day before yesterday.(改改为为同同义义句句) Susan ____________ the umbrella ________two days ago.have been inforhas been away fromhas hadsince28 4. They have been here since 2000. (对对划划线线部分提部分提问问) ____________ have they been here? 5. The old man _________ last year. He ____________________ for a year. (die) （（动词动词填空）填空） 6. This factory opened twenty years ago. (同同义义句句转换转换) This factory ____________________ for twenty years. How long diedhas been dead has been open 29 4. Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.5. His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.6. It’s five years _______ we met last time. 四四. 选用选用 for和和 since填空填空:1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.forsinceforsinceforsince30 五五. 用用for或或since完成下列句子。
完成下列句子1. Jill is in Ireland now. She arrived there three days ago. She has been there for three days.2. Jack is here. He arrived here on Tuesday. He has ______________________________. 3. I know Sue. I first met Sue two years ago. I’ve _______________________________________________.been here since Tuesdayknown Sue since two years ago. / for two years4. I have a camera. I bought it in 1989. _________________________________________.5. Dave plays the piano. He started when he was seven years old. __________________________________________________.I have had the camera since 1989Dave has played the piano since he was seven years old31 1. Do the other exercises.32 。
