Unit4Earthquake知识点以及定语从句精讲.docx

Unit4 Earthquake一：重点单词短语1. Now imagine there has been a big earthquake. 现在，假设有一次大地震1) sth. happen to. sb.某事发生在某人身上Did you hear what happened to David last night? 你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗?(2) happen to do sth.碰巧做某事I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得3) It (so) happened that…碰巧......It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得2. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. shake(v.) (shook, shaken)摇动，震惊 eg: Shake the bottle before taking the medicine. 服药之前将药瓶摇一摇。

使受震撼；使〔信念等〕动摇eg: They were badly shaken by the news of her death. 她死的消息令他们大为震惊〔指人〕打颤，抖动 eg: She was shaking with cold/laughter/fear/anger.shake(n.) (C 常用单数〕 摇动，震惊eg: a shake of the head 摇头拓展：shake hands with sb. = shake sb. by the hand = shake sb”s hand 与某人握手shake one”s head 摇头3. For three days the water in the village rose and fell, rose and fell.rise(vi.) “升起，上升”，其后不能接宾语，不能用于被动语态eg: 1.The sun rose at seven o”clock. 太阳七点种升起rise(vi.) 〔河水，物价等〕上涨；提高；起身eg: 1.The river is rising after the rain. 雨后河水涨了。

2. Prices have risen steadily during the past decade. 过去十年间物价始终在平稳地上涨raise(vt.) 抬起，举起eg: 1.He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶raise(vt.) 提高；提出；增加eg: 1.He raised his voice. 他提高了嗓门raise(vt.) 抚养；饲养eg: 1.She raised a lot of chickens. 她养了很多鸡4. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.too. to 构造一般表示否认含义,意为“太 以致于不能“eg:He is too old to work.但 too. to 在以下状况下却表示确定含义:⑴“never / not too …to”这一构造意思是“不太……所以能……”双重否认表示确定意义One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老1It is never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢，犹为未晚。

2) 当 too 前有 only, but, all，just,simple 等词时，“too…to…”构造不再表示否认意义，而是表示确定意义too 相当于very，意思是“格外；格外”例如：I am only too glad to become a member of you. 我格外愉快成为你们中的一员We are but too eager to receive your invitation. 我们极渴望接到你们的邀请I”m only too glad to see you .见到你格外愉快.They are but too pleased to hear the news.他们听到这个消息,格外愉快.(3) 与 cannot 连用时.不再表示否认意义，而是表示确定意义，意思是“越……越好；无论……也/都不过分”例如：You cannot be too careful to cross the street. 你过街时越留神越好eg:You cannot be too careful(=You can never be careful enough) to do your homework.你做作业越认真越好(=无论怎样认真也不过分).5. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。

burst(v.) 〔使〕爆炸；胀破，爆破eg: 1.Water-pipes often burst in cold weather. 水管在严寒的天气里常常冻裂拓展：（1） burst into sth. 突然或猛烈地发出或产生出某事物eg: burst into tears/laughter 突然哭起来/笑起来burst into anger 勃然大怒（2） burst out (+ doing) 突然开头做某事eg: burst out crying/laughing/singing 突然哭起来/笑起来/唱起来6. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.think little of 不放在心上；看扁，轻视eg: 1.Most people thought little of the 8-year-old boy. In fact, they were wrong.大多数人小看了这个8岁的男孩事实上，他们错了。

拓展：think well / highly of 高度评价/赞扬think poorly / badly of 认为......很差；对 评价很低另外：think of ... as ... 把...... 认为是......eg: I thought of him as my best friend. However, he treated me as an enemy.我把他看作我最好的朋友，然而，他却把我当敌人7. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日at an end 完毕，终结 = finished，为固定短语，在句中常作表语eg: The war was at an end. 战斗完毕了辨析：at the end (of) 在......的终点；在 的完毕，可表时间或空间eg: 1.At the end of the street, you”ll find a supermarket. 在大街的终点，你会观看一家超市in the end 最终，最终 = at last，不能和of连用eg: He tried many times, and in the end he succeeded.他屡次努力，最终最终成功了。

by the end of 到 末为止，到 完毕时，通常和完成时连用2eg: 1.How many words had you learned by the end of last term?到上学期末为止，你们已学习多少个单词了？2. We”ll have finished the work by the end of this month.到本月底我们将完成这项工作It seemed + that从句是一个句型，表示“看起来好象”eg: It seemed that he didn”t notice this. 看起来他好象没留意这件事It seemed 后还常跟as if从句假设与事实相反，则用虚拟语气；假设与事实全都，则保持正常时态eg: 1.There is a lot of cloud. It seems as if it”s going to rain.有这么多乌云，看起来好象要下雨了〔是事实，不用虚拟〕2.She is so kind to me. It seems as if she were my mother.她对我格外好，看起来好象她是我的母亲〔事实上不是，与现在事实相反〕sb. 作主语时，seem后常跟adj. 作表语。

eg: He seemed a little angry. 他看起来有点生气8. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.ruin(n.) U 毁坏，消灭；灭亡 eg: The war brought ruin to the country. 战斗给这个国家带来了消灭C 废墟；遗迹 eg: The school is in ruins. 那所学校已成废墟留意：ruin表示“废墟；遗迹”常用复数，常构成短语in ruins，意为“严峻受损；破败不堪”eg:His career lies in ruins. 他已事业尽毁ruin(v.) 毁坏，消灭；使破产 有一般“弄坏了”之意，也有比方的意思eg: The fire ruined the books in the library. 大火焚毁了图书馆的藏书I was ruined by that law case. 我被那场官司弄得倾家荡产9. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. (1)thousand of 意为“成千上万的。

指不精准的数量 假设要表示准确的数量，thousand 前面加数字，不变复数形式，后面不接 of，直接跟复数名词具有一样用法的还有:million, hundred, dozen, score 等2)修饰语是 some, many, several 等表示不确定的数量词时，则dozen, hundred 等常用复数形式，且要加 of.some dozens of people several hundreds of persons9. Sand now filled the wells instead of water.instead of “代替，而不是” (后接名词，代词，动名词，介词短语等，但不能接句子〕 eg. Give me the red one instead of the green one.instead 是副词，在句子单独作状语，置于。