美国历史修正版.ppt

America in 20th century and 21th centuryBy 肖丽辉 肖梦玲 李紫晴 姚彩红 李杰Page 116By肖丽辉American attitude toward world war II vIn the early days of world war II ,the US government adopt a sit-on-the-fence policy.vAmerican wanted to keep their profitable trade with warring countries and the aggressors.vAmerican economy grown up during the two world wars.Words bankvSit-on-the-fence 持观望态度的vaggressor 侵略者vdrive out of 驱逐vair raids 空袭vAxis countries 轴心国（主要指德国和日本）vPearl Harbor 珍珠港vBattleship 战舰，atomic bomb 原子弹vNormandy 诺曼底vHiroshima广岛，Nagasaki 长崎The great changesvThe American policy suffer great change in 1994.vBritain had been driven out of the dominate status and German repeated air raids throw Britain into great destruction. pIn Asia, Japan had announced its ”new Order” (大东亚新次序，二战期间日本妄图建立大东亚殖 民帝国，称霸亚太的战略思想和扩张计划) pAmerica feared that the Axis countries’ winning would threaten their interest.Japanese air raids on Pearl HarborvOn December7,1941, Japanese planes suddenly showered bombs on the American fleet and military installation at Pearl Harbor. （珍珠港所在岛屿瓦胡岛，是夏威夷群岛中的一族，也是夏 威夷州府所在地） v3400 American were killed or wound, with more than 180 planes and eight battleship.vA few days later ,America declared war on Japan.日本偷袭珍珠港简介v1941年11月26日，一支由 六艘航空母舰为主力的舰队 在日本海军中将南云忠一的 指挥下离开日本开往珍珠港 。

途中舰队保持彻底的电波 静默除这六艘航空母舰外 日本舰队还包括两艘战列舰 、三艘巡洋舰、九艘驱逐舰 和三艘潜艇此外还有八艘 油轮和两艘驱逐舰只开到北 太平洋等候The end of world war IIvIn 1994,American ,British and Canadian force landed on the beaches of Normandy.vIn May 1945, Germany surrendered.vOn August 6 and 9,America dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.vOn August 14,Japan surrendered and World War II end.Atomic bomb in Hiroshima诺曼底简介v诺曼底地区地处法国巴黎 与海滨之间，公路与铁路 的交通都极为便利，距离 巴黎的大型国际机场不到 2 个小时的行程 诺曼底登陆v1944年6月6日（D日）盟 军(英法美联军)在诺曼底战 役中在这里登陆由于诺曼 底特殊的地理位置，使得德 国瞬间处于两面夹击的被动 局面，扭转了战争局势，直 接导致了德国的战败。

Normandy conquestThe United nationsvIn 1945, a conference was called in San Francisco to organize the United nations.vFifty–one countries attend the conference and the United nation was establish. Question vWhy did the US government adopt a sit-on- fence policy toward world war II ?vBecause the American capitalists wanted to continue their profitable trade with the warring countries ,including the aggressors.QuestionvWhat cause the America’s entrance of the world war II ?vThe Japanese air raid on Pearl Harbor was the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.The cold warBy 李紫晴Word bankvThe Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义v exert 发挥，施以影响v ideology 思想意识，观念学vNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization北大西洋 组织v ceasefire 停火vVietnam war 越南战争v withdrawal 撤退What is the cold war?vThe Cold War (approx. 1945–1991) is a continuing state of political and military tension between the powers of the Western world, led by the United States and its NATO allies, and the communist world, led by the Soviet Union, its satellite states and allies.Background and reasons1 Differences in goals.(conflicts) The USA vs Soviet Unionto control and rule the whole world to maintain its high status and power in the world2 The strong desire for peace深蓝色：北大西洋公 约组织。

NATO）正蓝色：美国的 其它盟国NATO allies) 浅蓝色：接受美 国援助的国家 (Affiliated countries of USA ) 绿色：欧洲的殖 民地Colonies in European) 深红色：华沙条 约组织Warsaw Treaty Organization) 正红色：与苏联 结盟的社会主义国家 Socialist allies of Soviet Union) 浅红色：苏联的 其它盟国Other allies of Soviet Union ) 灰色：不结盟国 家Unallied countries)Procedures：The most tense involvedvThe Berlin Blockade (1948–1949), vThe Korean War (1950–1953), vThe Berlin Crisis of 1961, vThe Vietnam War (1959–1975), vThe Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), (space race)vThe Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979–1989), vThe Able Archer 83 NATO exercises in November 1983. Three stepsvIn the mid 1950s~early1960s, both sides sought to relieve political tensions to alleviate the risk of a potential nuclear war vIn the mid 1960s~late 1970s, Truman Doctrine marked the cold war.vIn the late 1980s~early 1990s, under the vReagan Doctrine, the United States increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressures on the Soviet Union. The effectsvUnder the environment of the Cold War, America and Soviet Union were comparable to each other in military. It avoided new world war breaking out in a nearly half century. vⅡ With different social systems, America and Soviet Union absorbed lessons, and focus more on the economic recovery which was used to internal reforms. The Cold War also pushed the whole world forward.vⅢ Facing with the bipolar confrontation, the Asia, Africa and the developing countries consisted of the Non-Aligned Movement and reshaped the setup of the world so that’s the formation of the third worldThe Korean WarStarting : a surprise attack against the south launched by the North Korean In June 1950 vEnding: An armistice was signed in 1953The medal of the Korean warGains LossesKorea noneⅰ dead and wounded : 1.3 million South Korean military; ⅱ much industry destroyed, agriculture ruined, millions of refu。