Gold关于金的英文介绍.pdf

Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable, and ductile metal. 黄金是一种密度高，柔软，有光泽，有延展性，和韧性的金属It has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water.纯金的亮黄色在传统上被认为具有吸引力Gold is the most malleable of all metals; a single gram can be beaten into a sheet of 1 square meter, or anounce into 300 square feet. Gold leaf can be beaten thin enough to become transparent.金是金属中延性及展性最高的一克的金可以打成一平方米的薄片，或者说是一盎司的金可以打成300 平方英尺金叶甚至可以被打薄至透明Gold is a good conductor of heat and electricity and reflects infrared radiation strongly. Chemically, it is unaffected by air, moistureand most corrosive reagents, and is therefore well suited for use in coins and jewelry and as a protective coating on other, more reactive metals. Gold is almost insoluble, but can be dissolved in aqua regia.。

金是 热和电的良导体，亦不受 地球大气层 及大部分 反应物 影响 热、湿气、 氧 及大部分 侵蚀 剂只对金有少量化学影响，令金适合作为硬币 及珠宝； 相反地， 卤素 可以与金起化学反应，而王水则可以通过形成 氯金酸根离子（AuCl4-）溶解金Monetary exchange货币交换Gold has been widely used throughout the world as a vehicle for monetary exchange. 黄金已被作为货币交换的媒介在世界各国广泛使用Because of the softness of pure (24k) gold, it is usually alloyed with base metals for use in jewelry, altering its hardness and ductility, melting point, color and other properties. Alloys with lower caratage, typically 22k, 18k, 14k or 10k, contain higher percentages of copper or other base metals or silver or palladium in the alloy. 由于 24k 纯金软，所以在作珠宝时，金常常会被制成合金以改变硬度、延展性、熔点 、颜色及其它特性。

在 22k、18k、14k 或 10k 的合金中， 会含有较高成分的铜、银、钯或其他金属Gold alloys are used in restorative dentistry, especially in tooth restorations. The gold alloys' slight malleability facilitates the creation of a superior molar mating surface with other teeth and produces results that are generally more satisfactory than those produced by the creation of porcelain crowns.金合金多在牙科修复学上使用，特别是牙齿修复，金合金的细微延展性，可令表面与其他牙齿吻合，所以修复效果比陶瓷制的大臼齿好Gold can be made into thread and used in embroidery. 金可制成刺绣用金线Gold is used as the reflective layer on some high-end CDs. 黄金作为在一些高端CD反射层。

Automobiles may use gold for heat shielding. 金可作汽车隔热用途The Turin Papyrus Map杜林纸草地图，显示矿藏位置Egypt and especially Nubia had the resources to make them major gold-producing areas for much of history. The earliest known map is known as the Turin Papyrus Map and shows the plan of a gold mine in Nubia together with indications of the local geology. 埃及及努比亚等国家和地区拥有的资源令它们在大部分历史中成为主要的黄金产地已知的最早的地图是在前1320 年的杜林纸草地图，显示金矿在努比亚的分布及当地地质的标示Some European king and queen's crowns were made of gold, and gold was used for the bridal crown since antiquity. An ancient Talmudic text circa 100 AD describes Rachel, Rabbi Akiba's wife asking for a “Jerusalem of Gold“ (crown). A Greek burial crown made of gold was found in a grave circa 370 BC.一些欧洲的国王和女王的皇冠是金子做的，和黄金用于自古以来新娘花冠。

一个古老的犹太法典的文本描述的瑞秋于公元 100 年，犹太拉比秋叶的妻子要求一个“黄金之城”（皇冠）希腊埋藏冠金子做的是在一个坟墓大约公元前370 年发现的Toxicity毒性Soluble compounds (gold salts) such as gold chloride are toxic to the liver and kidneys. Gold toxicity can be ameliorated with chelation therapy with an agent such as dimercaprol.金的可溶性化合物，即金盐类例如在电镀中使用的氰化金钾对于肺脏及肝脏都有毒现今为止只有很少因为氰化金钾而致命的个案。