asif用法小结.ppt
20页
as if与与as though用法用法 as if 与as though 是一组同义词，两者意思相同，用法也相同，只是在口语中人们多半会用as if, 取其简短as if 和as though 用法较为复杂， as if和和as though的功能的功能1) 引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句 They talked as if they had been friends for years.2) 引导表语从句引导表语从句 He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales and had passed me like a spirit. (高二册，第92页) He made that remark as if absently. 他好像是漫不经心地说了那句话 3) 引导感叹句，表示对某种建议、假定、引导感叹句，表示对某种建议、假定、 想象等的反对：想象等的反对： As if I cared! 好像我很在乎似的！（相当于：I don’t care!） As if anyone would believe that story! 好像人人都会相信那种说法似的！ He warned me against associating with people of doubtful character，As if I ever should! 他告诫我不要同可疑的人来往，好像我真会那样做似的！ 用于下列句型中：用于下列句型中： It looks/seems as if .... 表表示示“看起来似乎看起来似乎……”。
其中其中It为人称代词，本身并无词义为人称代词，本身并无词义, looks / seems是连系动词是连系动词，，as if引出表语从句如：引出表语从句如： She looks as if she were ten years younger．．她看起来好像年轻了十岁她看起来好像年轻了十岁 It seems as if our team is going to win．．看来我们队要胜了看来我们队要胜了 一．引导表语从句一．引导表语从句 as if意为意为“ 就好象就好象……” 或或 “似乎似乎……似的似的” 当说话者认为句子所述的当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句用或存在的事实时，从句用陈述语气陈述语气，句子的谓语为，句子的谓语为 look, seem, taste, smell, sound，， feel等如： 二．二． 引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句 It sounds as if it is raining． 听起来像是在下雨It looks as if it might snow． 看来好像要下雪了You have acted as if you like me.It smells as if it is fresh. 闻起来很新鲜。
She loves the boy as if she were his mother．她爱这男孩，就好像她是他的母亲一样The child talked to us as if he were a grown up．那孩子跟我们谈起话来，像个成年人似的 再看其她例子： There’s Hob, talking to the ticket-collector. It looks as if he hasn’t got a platform ticket. 那不，霍布正在同检票员说话，看样子还没弄到站台票 You look as if you’ve been running. 你好像刚跑了一阵似的 You look as if you know each other. He looks as if he’s tired. It looks/seems as if you’re right.试比较： He talks as if he is drunk． 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了 He walks as if he were drunk. 第一句表示“他已经醉了”，第2句则表示“他没有醉”。
又如：It looks as if it is going to rain.It looks as if it were going to rain. 第一例意味着快要下雨了，第二例则意味着不会下雨 在通常情况下，在通常情况下， as if 和和as though 所所引导的从句的谓语动词多用引导的从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气虚拟语气，表，表示说话人认为句子所叙述的情况与事实相示说话人认为句子所叙述的情况与事实相反，是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在反，是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时具体用法如下：的情况时具体用法如下： 三三：as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况从句用虚拟语气的情况 三：三：as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况从句用虚拟语气的情况 （（1）如果从句）如果从句表示与现在事实相反表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一，谓语动词用一般般过去时过去时动词be用用were,也可用也可用was）如：）如： You look as if you didn’t care． 你看上去好像并不在乎 He talks as if he knew where she was． 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。
He behaves as if he owned the house. 他的样子好像他拥有这个房子 He treats me as if /as though I were a stranger He talks about Rome as if he had been there before． 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的 The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone． 那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的 （2）从句表示与过去事实相反， 谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”如：三：三：as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况从句用虚拟语气的情况 但是，如果状态动词带有持续时间状语，则用过去完成时但是，如果状态动词带有持续时间状语，则用过去完成时： They talked as if they had been friends for years. (高二，P95) (试比较：They had been friends for years.) Now it is as though she had known Millie for years. 情态动词亦用过去时情态动词亦用过去时： She felt as though she could hardly endure such a life. 她觉得简直无法忍受这样的生活三：三：as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。
从句用虚拟语气的情况注意：谈论过去情形的动词形式有以下几种：注意：谈论过去情形的动词形式有以下几种：a)过去式，表示过去的状态，如：过去式，表示过去的状态，如： He looked at me as if I were mad. 他那样看我，好像我是个疯子 b)过去完成时过去完成时，表示过去的动作先于主句动词而发生或，表示过去的动作先于主句动词而发生或完成，如：完成，如： It was as if he had lost his last friend. “I remember,” she tells her children now, “how wild his white hair looked——as if it had been electrified.”（高二册，第91页） 必须注意的时，在指过去的动作时，即使主句是现必须注意的时，在指过去的动作时，即使主句是现在时，在时，as if 从句中的动词也要用过去完成时从句中的动词也要用过去完成时：： You look as if you’d seen a ghost. 你好像是见了鬼似的He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself. 他讲起罗马的情况来就好像他亲自到过那里似的。
三：三：as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况从句用虚拟语气的情况 c)过去进行时过去进行时，表示动作正在进行：，表示动作正在进行： He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing. （高一册，第211页） He ran as if ghosts were chasing him. I felt as if the ground were slipping beneath my feet. 我感到大地仿佛在脚下滑动d)过去将来时，表示将要发生的事态：过去将来时，表示将要发生的事态： It looked as if it was going to snow. （高一册，第127页） He opened his lips as if he would say something to you. 三：三：as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况从句用虚拟语气的情况 3. 随着语言的发展，随着语言的发展，as if后面的从句即使反映的不是后面的从句即使反映的不是事实，也可以不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气，这主要出事实，也可以不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气，这主要出现在口语或不太正式的文体中。
例如：现在口语或不太正式的文体中例如： With the development of these new tools, it is as if man has suddenly become a millionaire of the mind. 随着这些新工具的发展，人好像突然间成为精神上的 百万富翁似的 Teen-agers may talk as if they know it all, but statistics tell a different story.三：三：as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况从句用虚拟语气的情况 It looks like it’s going to rain today.She looks like she’ll win the race.I love that boy like he was my son.He looked like he needed someone to talk to, so we lent him an ear.He sat there smiling like it was his birthday. 4. 在非正式文体（尤其是美国英语）中，可以用在非正式文体（尤其是美国英语）中，可以用like 做连词代替做连词代替as if 和和as though。
例如：例如：She started kissing me like we were on our honeymoon. 她开始吻我，好像是在度蜜月似的 三：三：as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况从句用虚拟语气的情况 1) as if +不定式不定式 He opened his lips as if (he were) to make some reply. 他张开嘴似乎要说什么 The bee checked its forward speed, circled and then drifted slowly over the mirror like surface of the pool as if to admire its own reflection. 蜜蜂放慢飞行速度，转了几圈儿，然后在清澈如镜的水潭 上空慢慢地飘过，似乎要欣赏它自己的倒影 5. as if和和as though从句中的从句中的省略省略 当as if和as though从句的主语与主句一致时，该主语和后面的动词可以省略于是便出现下面几种结构： 三：三：as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。
从句用虚拟语气的情况 2) as if +现在分词现在分词 From time to time Jason turned round as though (he was) searching for someone.John paused as if expecting Mary to speak. 约翰停下来，似乎是等玛丽开口Nevertheless, the bee kept exercising the wings slowly up and down, as though assessing the damage. 然而，那只蜜蜂仍然在不停地慢慢上下活动着它地翅膀，仿佛在估量着所受的损害 5. as if 和和as though从句中的从句中的省略省略：： 3) 不定式不定式+形容词或形容词短语形容词或形容词短语 Carrie felt as if unable to endure such a life. 嘉莉觉得似乎无法再忍受这种生活了 He lay still for a long while, as if dead. 4) as if +名词名词 He acts as if (he was) a fool.5. as if和和as though从句中的从句中的省略省略 5) as if +副词 He made that remark as if absently. 他好像是漫不经心地说了那句话。
6) as if +介词短语介词短语 He looked about as if (he was) in search of something 6. as if-从句认识上的一个误区：从句认识上的一个误区： 普遍认为由as if (as though)引出的表示虚拟语气的方式状语从句中， 如果主句的谓语是一般时，其从句的谓语一般应该用动词的过去式 (be用were)； 反之，主句的谓语用一般过去时，从句谓语一般用“had +过去分词” 对于对于as if 的用法，的用法，一些人的认识上存在着一个误区即把as if从句中动词的形式与主句的时态相联系 6. as if-从句认识上的一个误区从句认识上的一个误区 He looks as if he were ill. He looked as if he were ill. He looks as if he had been ill. He looked as if he had been ill. 在现代英语中，有时即使从句内容不是事实，也可能用陈述 语气。
如： I feel as if /as though I’m floating on air. 他感到好像漂浮在空中 The stuffed dog barked as if it is /were/ was a real one. 玩具狗叫起来像真狗 其实这种认为从句动词形式受主句时态制约的观点是不符合现代英语实际运用的as if和 as though后谓语动词的形式与主句时态无关，现代英语惯用法词典上也有如下例句： 6. as if-从句认识上的一个误区从句认识上的一个误区 下面在提供一些主句用现在时而从句仍用过去完成时下面在提供一些主句用现在时而从句仍用过去完成时的例句：的例句： A: We’ve been back at work now for three days. 我们回来上课到现在已三天了 B: I feel as if I had been back for three months. 我感到似乎已回来三个月了 （比较：I have been back for three months.）） 注意注意 It isn’t as if…的翻译。
的翻译 It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷) It isn’t as if you were going away for good. 又不是你离开不回来了。
