大学英语自主阅读II-2.ppt

Historical Characters in Various Cultures,Book II-2,All the world is a stage． － Shakespeare held that,Introduction,This unit will offer you an insight into the household masterpiece of Three Kingdoms, and draw you closer to the heroes and the major events of the romance.,A Romance of Three Kingdoms　sets a grand stage for numerous heroes to put on ups and downs　by　Luo Guanzhong,Background Information for Three Kingdoms,,Romance of the Three Kingdoms is one of the great chinese classics and is compiled into a semi-fictional literary masterpiece during the Ming Dynasty by Luo Guanzhong. The novel comprises around 70+% fact and 20+% fiction. e.g.Some issues such as Guan Yu's weapon weighing around 40 kilograms,the capabilities of Lu Bu, Liu Bei's horsessome others are probably fictional.,,Background Information for Three Kingdoms,That period in history can be said as the golden age of chivalry and although it happened more than 1700 years ago, characters such as Liu Bei, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang have become household names among the Chinese.,Background Information for Three Kingdoms,Romance of the Three Kingdoms is not only about the struggle and conflicts among the warlords, it is about loyalty, betrayal, courage, lust, determination, responsibilities, repaying the kindness of others and trust among people. Notice: More information you can derive from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms,Background Information for Three Kingdoms,,1. What is Luo Guanzhong’s outlook on history, the author of the original work?,He made the history a struggle between good and bad guys.,2. Why did Zhuge Liang submit “Memorial on Sending Out the Troops” to the emperor?,Because he wanted to express his ambition that is settlement of the central China and restoration of the Han regime. It embodied the overall strategy in his Dialogue of Longzhong.,,,1. Introduction (Para. 1-3)2. Comment on the novel (Para. 4-10)3. Zhuge Liang was an outstanding politician and strategist. (Para. 11-18),,,,,Introduction (Para. 1-3),Three Kingdoms is the first popular novel in China. (Para. 1) How the Three Kingdoms came from. (Para. 2) The author’s outlook on history seems not admirable, but a struggle between good and bad guys. (Para. 3),,,,Comment on the novel (Para. 4-10),A. The novel illustrates the Chinese warfare theories with stress on strategies. (Para. 4-7)Some examples: “The Battle of Red Cliff” (Para. 5)； “The Strategy of the Unguarded City” (Para. 6-7)B. Three Kingdoms is more like a schoolbook on life. (Para.8)C. It is one of Chinese novels that have the most reprints and sell best. (Para.9-10) The reasons:For the last six hundred years Three Kingdoms has been circulated in different forms. ( Para.9) Few novels can bear comparison with Three Kingdoms in terms of the multitude of represented characters. (Para. 10),,,Zhuge Liang was an outstanding politician and strategist. (Para. 11-18),A. A brief introduce Zhuge Liang (Para. 11)B. “Three Calls to a Cottage”; “Dialogue of Longzhong”. (Para.12-13)C. A series of events after AD 225 (Para.14-16)By capturing and releasing the ethnic chieftain Meng Huo seven times ( Para.14); “Memorial on Sending Out the Troops” (Para. 15) Some facts and fictitious made Zhuge Liang the soul of wisdom in people’s mind (Para. 16)D. A high comment on Zhuge Liang: (Para.17-18) He died at his post before his troops triumphed. (Para. 17)The famous maxim “work with devotion until death” from his “work with devotion until death” is the very picture of Zhuge Liang’s life. (Para. 18),,,such as (Para. 2)Unable to detect the real situation (Para.6)Instead (Para. 13),,1. Its author Luo Guanzhong created this novel by collecting and collating tales about the Three Kingdoms in ballads and dramas and drawing on historical works such as Records of the Three Kingdoms, The Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms and the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid of Government. (Para. 2),,for example，such as和like都可用来举例，但用法有所不同。

For example，air is invisible. 例如，空气是看不见的 Some of the European languages derive from Latin，such as French，Italian and Spanish. 有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语，例如，法语、意大利语和西班牙语 …saved things like old newspapers and pieces of string. ……收集起来的如旧报纸和绳子之类的东西,for example作“例如”讲时，一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末 For example, Illinols was named for the Indians who used to live in that part of the country. 例如,伊利诺州就取名于过去生活在这里的印第安人such as也作为“例如”讲，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子 Boys such as John and James are very friendly.像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。

like也常用来表示举例，可与such as互换但such as用于举例可以分开使用，此时不可与like互换 Some warm-blooded animals，like/such as the cat，the dog or the wolf，do not need to hibernate. 一些温血动物，像猫、狗和狼都不需要冬眠 He has several such reference books as dictionaries and handbooks. 他有几本像字典、手册之类的参考书注 意 : 用such as来举例子，只能举出其中的一部分，一般不能全部举出若全部举出，要改用namely（意为“即”）He knows four languages，namely Chinese，English，Russian and French. 他精通四门语言，即汉语、英语、俄语和法语。