译林版9年级英语上册教案课件-第4课-阅读题型训练猜测词义题.doc

阅读题型训练：猜想词义题一、总述:      猜想词义题主要考查文章中出现的词或词组的意思常见的考查方式为要求考生推测出生词或者词组的汉语意思、英语近义词或者词组的引申义     在中学阶段的英语阅读考试中,主要考查对文章中生词的理解因此,我们在本学期的报纸中将重点向同学们介绍推测生词含义的方法     阅读理解文章中对生词的考查有的是考查影响文章理解的非常重要的超纲词汇,还有的是考查一词多义的单词在文中的含义二、方法介绍:      总的来说,推测生词含义有两种方法,即通过词根词缀和通过上下文来推测1. 通过词根词缀推测生词的含义     在英语中一个根本词根加上各种不同的词缀构成不同词性或不同词义的单词,叫衍生词一般前缀改变词义,后缀改变词性例如:(1)前缀表示否认的前缀un-:real 真实的→unreal 不真实的表示否认的前缀dis-:advantage 优势→disadvantage 劣势意为"再次"的前缀re-:appear 出现→reappear 再次出现(2)后缀将动词变成名词的后缀-er:work v.工作→worker n.工人将动词变成形容词的后缀-able:drink v.喝→drinkable adj.能饮用的将名词变成形容词的后缀-ous:courage n.勇气→courageous adj.勇敢的2. 通过上下文推测生词的含义。

     常用的通过上下文来推测生词含义的方法有四种,即同义法、反义法、逻辑法和常识法1)同义法:利用定义或解释来推测生词的意思①用动词be, mean或词组refer to给出前面生词的含义例如:Facility is a place used for a particular purpose or activity, usually including buildings. (facility供特定用途的场所)②通过举例的方法给出生词的含义例如:After a day of hunting, Harold was ravenous. Yesterday, for example, he ate two bowls of soup, salad, a large chicken, and a piece of chocolate cake before he was finally satisfied. (ravenous 饥饿的)③通过生词后括号内或者破折号后的内容给出生词的含义例如:They ended in a draw (To finish a game without either team winning). (end in a draw双方打成平手)④通过生词的同位语或定语给出生词的含义。

例如:He’s a dentist, that’s to say, a person whose job is to take care of people’s teeth. (dentist 牙医)(2)反义法:通过后面表示转折意思或者比照关系的词来推测生词的意思在阅读过程中,如有表示转折的词but, though, however等和表示比照关系的词或表达unlike, different from, on the contrary等出现,那就说明这些词语的前后就是两个完全相反的概念例如:He is a punctual boy, but he was late this morning. (punctual 守时的)(3)逻辑法:利用句子间的类比、因果、递进等逻辑关系推测生词含义的方法表示类比的词或表达有the same as, similarly, in the same way等；表示因果关系的词或表达有as a result, therefore, because, so, consequently, due to等；表示递进关系的词或表达有and then, even, in fact等。

例如: The English class was delayed because the teacher was ill. (delay 推迟)(4)常识法:利用科普知识和生活常识推测生词含义的方法例如:The snake slithered through the grass. (根据蛇的生活习性,我们能够推断出slither的意思为"爬行")三、常见的提问方式: 1. The underlined word "land" in the last paragraph probably means "_______".2. The expression "negative picture" most probably means "_______".3. The underlined word "victory" in Para-graph 5 means "________".4. The word "delay" in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by "________".5. The word "passionate" in the middle of the passage is the closest in meaning to "_______".真题重现:例1:... For many centuries and in all countries, people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasting. Rings around the sun are a sign of wet weather. That many people feel their joints (关节) hurt is a sign of wet weather. Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly near the ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way. If you see a rain-bow during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine. Such rainbows come in the evening ... (2021年宿迁市中考题阅读理解A篇)Which of the following can be used here to replace (取代) the underlined phrase "on the way"?A. away B. gone C. disappearing D. coming 解析:     在本段第四句的前半句我们得知当好天气来临的时候,一些鸟会飞得很高。

后半句用一个转折词表示反义,即坏天气的时候这些鸟会有怎样的表现因此,我们可以推断出后半句的on the way和前半句的coming意思是一样的因此,正确答案为D例2:One day when some government officials were rebuilding a barn(谷仓), they found a mouse hole in a corner and used smoke to force the mice inside the hole to come out. A while later they indeed saw mice running out, one after another. Then, everyone thought that all the mice had escaped. But just as they began to clean up, they saw two mice squeezing (挤) out at the mouth of the hole. With some efforts, the mice finally got out. However, it was strange that after they came out of the hole, they did not run away immediately. Instead, one chased after the other near the mouth of the hole. It seemed that one was trying to bite (咬) the tail of the other. Everyone was puzzled, so they stepped nearer to take a look. They realized that one of the mice was blind and could not see anything, and the other was trying to allow the blind mouse to bite on his tail so that he could pull the blind one with him to escape. After seeing what happened, everyone was speechless and lost in thought. During the meal time, the group of people sat down in a circle and started to chat about what happened to the two mice. One serious American official said, "I think the relationship between those two mice was that of king and guard." The others thought for a while and said, "That was why!" A smart French said, "I think the relationship between the two mice was that of husband and wife." Again the others thought for a while, and all felt it made sense ...(武汉市中考题阅读理解C篇)"it made sense" probably means _______.A. it was correct B. it was strange C. it was funny D. it was sweet     解析:     根据前面两段的描述,我们可以推测出这两只老鼠的关系很密切。

在第四段一位美国官员猜想它们是皇帝和侍卫的关系,其他官员表示有这种可能接着,在第五段一位法国官员推测它们是夫妻关系,这也是有可能的这时,我们就可以猜想出it made sense和前面的that was why有相似的意思,即都表示有这种可能因此,正确答案为A例3:In every little girl’s toy box, there might be a Barbie Doll. Barbie is 50 years old th。