诗歌的韵律及押韵格式.docx

诗歌的韵律及押韵格式 第一节 头韵头韵是指一行〔节〕诗中几个词开头的辅音一样，形成押韵如克里斯蒂娜?罗塞蒂的《歌》前两诗节：When I am dead, my dearest, Sing no sad songs for me; Plant thou no rose at my head, Nor shady cypress tree:Be the green grass above me With showers and dewdrops wet; And if thou wilt, remember, And if thou wilt, forget. (Christina Rossetti: Song)第一行的dead / dearest，其次行的sing / sad / songs，第五行的green / grass，第六行的 with / wet押头韵又如柯尔律治的《古舟子咏》第103~第106行： The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free,We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea.〔Samuel Taylor Coleridge: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner〕前三行里，头韵[f]重复七次。

这个摩擦送气的清辅音效仿柔风轻涛的声音，缔造出一种安静的意境第四行里的两个[s]音犹如和风吹过寂静海面而发出的咝咝声头韵在这里的运用，令读者有身临其境之感另外，中间韵blew / flew，first / burst，furrow / followed，尾韵free / sea形成悦耳好听的韵味和节奏感再如莎士比亚编号为71的十四行诗前八行： No longer mourn for me when I am dead Than you shall hear the surly sullen bell Give warning to the world that I am fledFrom this vile world with vilest worms to dwell. Nay, if you read this line, remember not The hand that writ it; for I love you soThat I in your sweet thoughts would be forgot If thinking on me would make you woe. 每行都有不同的头韵。

第一行为mourn / me，其次行为surly / sullen，第三行为warning / world，第四行为world / worm，第五行为read / remember，第八行为me / make和would / woe其次行、第三行和第五行为than / that / this，第七行和第八行为thoughts / thinking这样的不同首字母交替出此时此刻一个诗节中，可以称为穿插头韵诗人在运用头韵时，还运用一种声音的重复，通过这种声音的重复表达一种独特的情感如多恩的《歌》：When thou sigh‘st, thou sigh‘st not wind But sigh‘st my soul away;When thou weep‘st, unkindly kind, My life‘s blood doth decay. It cannot be,That thou lov‘st me, as thou say‘st, If in thine my life thou waste, Thou art the best of me. 〔John Donne: Song〕此诗节运用的头韵有when / wind / weep / waste，sigh / soul / say，doth / decay，blood / be / best，thou / then / that等。

另外，在sigh、kindly、thine、my和life中有常见的元音字母i，此音示意哀痛和抑郁，加上它是一个长元音，自然就减缓了诗行自然的快节奏运动，哀伤和抑郁之情得到了充分的表现同样的诗歌技巧也表达在爱伦?坡的《乌鸦》之中，如该诗的最终一节： And the Raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon that is dreaming,And the lamp-light o‘er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor; And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor Shall be lifted –nevermore! (Allan Poe: The Raven) 此诗节中除了各行的头韵〔still / sitting，pallid / Pallas，his / have，lamp / light，from / floating / floor〕，还有内韵〔flitting / sitting，seeming / dreaming等〕，贯穿整个诗节的短元音、[æ]，长元音[i:]、[o:]和双元音[?u]生动地传达出了主子公的苦痛和灰心。

其次节 尾韵尾韵〔end rhyme〕指行尾押韵单词最终的重读元音及其后面的辅音在读音上一样，而元音前面的辅音那么不能一样也就是说，元音以及元音后面的辅音押韵，而元音前面的辅音那么不押韵这种韵又被称为全韵〔perfect rhyme〕依据音节的数量，可分为单音节尾韵(single rhyme)、双音节尾韵(double rhyme)和三重音节尾韵(triple rhyme) 单音节尾韵又称男韵或阳韵〔masculine rhyme〕，是在诗行结尾重读音节之间出现的最普遍的押韵如米勒《在太平洋之滨》其次诗节： Above yon gleaming skies of gold One lone imperial peak is seen; While gathered at his feet in green Ten thousand foresters are told. And all so still! So still the air That duty drops the web of care. (Joaquin Miller: By the Pacific Ocean)第一、四行押韵，其次、三行押韵，第五、六行押韵，都是重读单音节。

虽然是单音节押韵，但它只要求一个音节押韵，而不要求押韵的一个音节是一个单音节单词例如叶芝《走过柳园》第一节：Down by the sally gardens my love and I did meet; She pass‘d the sally gardens with little snow-white feet. She bid me take love easy, as the leaves grow on the tree; But I, being young and foolish, with her would not agree. 〔W. B. Yeats: Down by the Sally Gardens〕这里第四行的agree就是一个双音节单词，它只在其次个音节上与前行的tree押韵，而且它是重读音节双音节韵又称女韵或阴韵〔feminine rhyme〕，其根本特征是行尾单词最终两个音节押韵，其中倒数其次个音节是重读音节，而最终一个音节是非重读音节由于其读音是重读加非重读构造，因此它又称扬抑格韵〔trochaic rhyme〕如华兹华斯的《写于三月》前四行： The cock is crowing, The stream is flowing, The small birds twitter, The lake doth glitter.(William Wordsworth: Written in March at Brother‘s Water)行尾的crowing / flowing，twitter / glitter相互押韵。

两组押韵都是由双音节单词组成，每个单词的第一个音节为重读音节，其次个音节为非重读音节 又如丁尼生《女郎夏洛特》第一局部的其次诗节： Willows whiten, aspens quiver, Little breezes dusk and shiverThrough the wave that runs forever By the island in the river Flowing down to Camelot.Four grey walls, and four grey towers, Overlook a space of flowers, And the silent isle imbowers The Lady of Shalott.(Alfred Tennyson: The Lady of Shalott, Part I)行尾的quiver / shiver / river，towers / flowers / imbowers相互押韵，除了词都是双音节单词，都是第一个音节为重读，其次个音节为非重读音节，但它的最终两个音节为重读加非重读，跟其余两个单词押韵这就是说，双音节韵的单词也可以是多音节单词，但其押韵的音节只能是两个，而且是多音节中最终两个音节。

时，其构造也不能变更，是重读音节加非重读音节 再如济慈《致一些女士》第一诗节：What though while the wonders of nature exploring, I cannot your light, mazy footsteps attend; Nor listen to accents, that almost adoring, Bless Cynthia‘s face, the enthusiast‘s friend. 〔John Keats: To Some Ladies〕这个诗节是单韵和双韵混合运用exploring / adoring都是三个音节，个音节上，最终一个音节是非重读音节，因此它们押双韵在多音节单词中，假如最终两个音节押韵，但倒数其次个音节不是重读音节，韵如下面这首选自莎士比亚《凤凰与斑鸠》中的一段诗： Beauty, truth, and rarity Grace in all simplicity,Here enclosed in cinders lie. Death is now the phoenix‘ nest; And the turtle's loyal breast To eternity doth rest, Leaving no posterity:-- ‘Twas not their infirmity, It was married chastity.imbowers，其余单imbowers虽然是三个同也可以归入双但重读音节在倒数其次Truth may seem, but cannot be; Bea。