
三种评分系统联合高频超声在儿童急性阑尾炎诊断中的价值对比研究.docx
16页三种评分系统联合高频超声在儿童急性阑尾炎诊断中的价值对比研究 张艳梅 黄琴 田袁静 谢桢 陶琦 杨芳[Summary] 目的 比較改良Alvarado评分、儿童阑尾炎评分(PAS)、阑尾炎炎症反应评分(AIR)系统联合高频超声(HFUS)在儿童急性阑尾炎(AA)诊断中的价值,为临床早期诊断AA提供参考依据 方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2020年6月因疑似AA于安徽省儿童医院就诊并行腹腔镜探查术的559例患儿临床资料,根据术后病理结果将其分为AA组(n=538)和非AA组(n=21)分别使用改良Alvarado、PAS、AIR评分系统对每例患儿评分,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算各评分系统ROC曲线下面积(AUC)及最佳诊断界值最后分析比较各评分系统单独及联合HFUS诊断儿童AA的敏感度、特异度及准确度 结果 改良Alvarado、PAS、AIR评分的AUC分别为0.884、0.904、0.808,最佳诊断界值分别为7、6、6分单独诊断时,PAS评分的敏感度、准确度(91.1%、90.5%)高于改良Alvarado评分(83.5%、83.4%)及AIR评分(82.3%、81.9%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而特异度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
联合诊断时,改良Alvarado、PAS、AIR评分联合HFUS的敏感度、准确度(98.3%、97.5%,98.5%、97.7%,98.1%、97.0%)均分别高于改良Alvarado评分(83.5%、83.4%)、PAS评分(91.1%、90.5%)、AIR评分(82.3%、81.9%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而特异度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)三种联合诊断方法之间的敏感度、特异度及准确度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05) 结论 改良Alvarado、PAS、AIR评分系统对儿童AA均有一定的诊断价值,而PAS评分的诊断水平较高;各评分系统联合HFUS的诊断效能优于单一评分系统,能够提高儿童AA诊断的敏感度和准确度,值得临床推广使用[Key] 改良Alvarado评分;PAS评分;AIR评分;高频超声;急性阑尾炎;儿童[] R725.7 [] B [] 1673-9701(2021)30-0123-05[Abstract] Objective To compare diagnostic value of modified Alvarado score, pediatric appendicitis score (PAS) and appendicitis inflammatory response score (AIR) systems combined with high frequency ultrasound (HFUS) in children with acute appendicitis (AA), and provide reference for clinical early diagnosis of AA. Methods The clinical data of 559 children with suspected AA who were treated with laparoscopic exploration in Anhui Children′s Hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the postoperative pathological result, they were divided into AA group (n=538) and non-AA group (n=21). The modified Alvarado, PAS and AIR scoring systems were used to score each child, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and the best diagnostic cut-off value of each scoring system were calculated. Lastly, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of each scoring system alone and in combination with HFUS for diagnosis of pediatric AA were analyzed and compared. Results The AUC of modified Alvarado, PAS and AIR scores were 0.884, 0.904 and 0.808. The best diagnostic cut-off values were 7, 6 and 6 points, respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of PAS score(91.1%, 90.5%) were higher than those of modified Alvarado score(83.5%, 83.4%) and AIR score(82.3%, 81.9%), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in specificity (P>0.05). The sensitivity and accuracy of modified Alvarado score(98.3%, 97.5%), PAS score(98.5%, 97.7%) and AIR score(98.1%,97.0%) combined with HFUS were higher than those of modified Alvarado score(83.5%, 83.4%), PAS score(91.1%, 90.5%) and AIR score(82.3%, 81.9%), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), respectively. While there was no statistically significant difference in specificity(P>0.05). Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of three combined diagnostic methods (P>0.05). Conclusion The modified Alvarado, PAS and AIR scoring systems have certain diagnostic values for pediatric AA, while PAS has a higher diagnostic level. The diagnostic efficiency of each scoring system combined with HFUS is better than the single scoring system, which can improve sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosis of pediatric AA, which is worthy of clinical use.[Key words] Modified Alvarado score; Pediatric appendicitis score; Appendicitis inflammatory response score; High frequency ultrasound; Acute appendicitis; Child急性阑尾炎(Acute appendicitis,AA)是儿童最常见的外科急腹症之一,其发病率为7%~8%,好发于6~12岁儿童[1]。
因儿童阑尾壁薄、管腔狭窄,阑尾发炎后坏疽穿孔的速度较快,严重时可危及生命,故须尽早明确诊断[2]但目前尚无术前诊断儿童AA的金标准,临床医生主要依据病史、体格检查、实验室检查和影像学检查等综合诊断[3]超声检查是最常用的影像学方法,其敏感度与准确度均在80%以上[4]近年来,国内外已开始采用改良Alvarado评分[5]、儿童阑尾炎评分(Pediatric appendicitis score,PAS)[6]及阑尾炎炎症反应评分(Appendicitis inflammatory response score,AIR)[7]等评分系统辅助诊断AA,但这三种评分系统各具优缺点,且目前将其与超声检查联合应用诊断儿童AA的对比研究尚少因此,本研究拟通过回顾性分析比较改良Alvarado、PAS、AIR评分系统联合高频超声(High frequency ultrasound,HFUS)在儿童AA诊断中的价值,为临床早期诊断AA提供参考依据,现报道如下1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料选择2019年1月至2020年6月因疑似AA于安徽省儿童医院就诊的559例患儿为研究对象,其中男362例,女197例,年龄3~17岁,中位年龄7.00(5.00,9.00)岁,病程1~7 d,中位病程2.00(1.00,3.00)d,发热372例(66.6%),呕吐446例(79.8%),腹痛544例(97.3%),白细胞计数(White blood cell count,WBC)升高(>10×109/L)486例(86.9%),中性粒细胞(Neutrophils,NE)百分比升高(≥75%)457例(81.8%),C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)升高(>10 mg/L)435例(77.8%)。
纳入标准[8]:①入院24 h内未使用止痛药等治疗手段;②临床资料完整;③不合并其他系统性疾病;④患儿及其家属知晓本研究,并签署知情同意书排除标准[8]:①临床资料不完整的患儿;②慢性阑尾炎或因阑尾炎术后并发症就诊的患儿;③合并肝、肾、心脑血管疾病、肿瘤等患儿;④不愿接受超声检查的患儿本研究已获得医院医学伦理学委员会批准同意根据术后病理结果,将患儿分为AA组(n=538)和非AA组(n=21),两组患儿的性别、年龄、病程等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性1.2 方法1.2.1 数据收集 收集的数据主要包括:①患儿年龄、性别、症状体征等;②实验室检查:患儿入院后采集其外周静脉血,采用全自动血液分析仪分析WBC及NE百分比;同时分离血清,采用高敏感度免疫散射比浊法测定CRP及血清淀粉样蛋白A(Serum amyloid a, SAA)水平;③超声检查结果;④术中所见及术后病理结果等1.2.2 HFUS诊断标准 采用Mindray Resona 7型彩色多普勒超聲诊断仪,探头频率10.0~14.0 MHz根据阑尾区超声检查描述,若阑尾最大外径>6 mm,壁厚>2 mm,腔内有积液,阑尾腔内或周围有粪石,或右下腹继发炎症反应,可诊。












