
译林版初中英语各类名词用法及考点综合复习.doc
4页译林版初中英语各类名词用法及考点综合复习 名词是表示人、事物、地点的名称的词或抽象概念的名称的词名词分类见下表: 个体名词 可数 集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 名词 不可数 抽象名词专有名词1.专有名词的用法1) 表示一个人、物或地点的专有名词,须以大写字母开头 例如:Ann,Lucy,Lily,Tom,Mike,John Beijng,Shanghai,Nanjing,Washington D.C. Christmas,New Year's Day,May Day March,April,June,July,October2) 专有名词前不加冠词,也无复数例如:English spoken in England. John lives on Lincoln Street. Tuesday comes after Monday.3) 海洋、河流、山脉、岛屿等专有名词前要加the。
例如:the Pacific(Ocean),the Yellow River,the Tienshan Mountains等4) the + 姓 + s 表示:某某一家人或某某夫妇二人例:The Zhangs are having supper at home now. The Browns are going to England next month.2.普通名词的用法1)普通名词有单、复数变化单数名词前加a,an,the等冠词,复数名词加—s或—es,而变化过的复数名词前不加冠词例:This is the book you lent me yesterday. Books are our friends.2)普通名词前如有this,that, every,whose,which,John's等修饰,它们的作用已与冠词修饰名词的作用相同,名词前则不能再加冠词例:What does this word mean,Dad? This is my cap.Where is yours?3)复数普通名词用many,a lot of等修饰例:There are too many people in that room.There is no room to stand in now. There are a lot of eggs in the basket.Would you like some of them?3.集体名词的用法。
1)常用的集体名词有:family,population, people, class, police等 2)强调指整个集体,则视为单数,谓语动词用单数形式如果该名词强调组成集体的各个分子, 则视为复数例:His family is going to move into a new house. His family are good at swimming. Class 5 is a good class. Class 5 all like playing basketball. 3)police只用复数名词例:The police are looking for that lost girl these days.4.不可数名词 不可数名词主要以下同类:表示物质类和抽象类1)表示物质类的名词 食品:food,fish,rice,coffee,wine 材料:wood,stone,brick,iron,steel 气(液)体:air,gas,oil,rain,snow 物质名词是不可数名词,无复数形式,前面不可加冠词a/an,the修饰,但前可用much,little,some,no等修饰。
例:We had little rain last year. There isn’t much water left. 表示物质名词的数量时,须在物质名词前,另加计量的名词如:a piece of; a cup of等 a cup of tea,a piece of paper two cups of tea,two pieces of paper2)表示抽象类的名词如:health, knowledge, success等 抽象名词为不可数名词,所以无复数,前不可用不定冠词例:Health is more important than wealth. Failure is the mother of success. 抽象名词可以用单位名词来表示数的概念 例:a piece of paper(music, news, advice etc.)抽象名词一般为不可数,常用much,little,no来修饰注意:of + 抽象名词 = 形容词 即:of后接抽象名词等于该抽象名词形容词形式的用法 He is a man of virtue(美德).= He is a virtuous man. It is of great value(价值).=It is very valuable. a man of ability(能力)=an able man a man of wealth(财富)=a wealthy man5.可数名词复数形式的构成 ①规则复数形式的拼写。
名词的复数一般只加“s”,但以下几点注意:1) 以s, sh,ss,ch或x结尾的词其复数通常加“es” glasses,brushes,boxes,watches2) 以元音字母+ o结尾的词其复数加“s” radios,zoos 注:凡缩略词后均只加“s”3)辅音字母+o结尾的词其复数加“es” heroes,tomatoes,potato但pianos,photos, kilo例外4)以辅音字母+y的词,应也把y换成i,然后再加“es” babies,cities,countries,parties5)以f,fe结尾的词,变f为v再加“es” leaf→leaves,knife→knives,thief→thieves,half→halves,但要注意:gulf(海湾),chief(首领),roof(屋顶),belief(信仰),self(本质),proof(证据)例外②不规则变化1)元音字母发生变化 foot→feet,tooth→teeth,man→men woman→women,mouse→mice2)单、复数同形。
deer→deer,sheep→sheep, fish →fish,Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese3)词尾变化 child→children 4)只有复数形式 thanks,clothes, people, police.5)常用复数 trousers,glasses,shoes6)复合名词的复数形式主体名词+s”例如:a flower shop→two flower shops; an apple tree → some apple trees 由man、woman、boy、girl等表示性别的名词与其它名词构成复合名词,该名词变成复数时,将man、woman 、boy、girl以及它们后面的名词一起变为复数例如:a man doctor → two men doctors a woman driver → some women drivers,6.名词复数形式应该注意的事项①单复数意义不同 glass→glasses cloth→clothes good→goods②名词作形容词表示单位时用单数形式。
a five-year-old boy an eight-meter-long ruler7.名词的所有格 名词所有格在句中表示所有关系、所属类别、动作执行者或承受者 ①表示有生命物体的所有格,常用’s 1)在名词后加’s Mary's books Li Lei’s bag Women’s Day Children’s Day 2)以“s”结尾的名词后只加 ’ Teachers’ Day, parents’ books James’ eyes3)如所有物归各名词分别所有,则在各名词后分别加-’s;如所有物归各名词共同所有,则在最后一名词后加’s Kate’s and Jim’s bags (分别所有) Kate and Jim’s parents(共同所有)4)复合名词或字群的所有格在最后一个名词的词尾加-’s somebody else's book,each other’s names, brother-in-law's car5)下列无生命名词的所有格也可用’s表示。
例如: 时间名词 tomorrow's meeting,today’s newspaper 距离名词 twenty minutes’ walk 长度名词:three meters’ ruler 价格名词 a dollar's worth 国家、团体、城市、机构等名词 China's capital②无生命名词的所有格,常用---of---来表示 例如:a map of China a photo of my family the gate of the school a photo of my father 我父亲的照片(照片上是我父亲) a photo of my father’s 我父亲的一张照片 (照片归我父亲所有)③双重所有格在英语中,如of短语和名词所有格结合起来使用时,便叫双重所有格 例如: a friend of my father's典型错句分析1. How many shipps can you see in the picture?[解析] shipps → ships。
ship的复数形式是ship。












