同义词区别和作文的开头结尾6100字.docx

    同义词区别和作文的开头结尾6100字    change, alter, convert, modify, vary这组词均含有“变化”的意思1 change最常用，指任何一种变化过程，但多用于指某人或某物发生根本性转变，失去了原来的身份特征，前后完全不同Years of hard work had changed her a great deal.多年辛苦劳作使她变了很多2 alter指对人或事物的某些特征进行某种程度的更改，但并没有使人或事物的性质发生根本改变She had to ask the dressmaker to alter the dress for her.她不得不请裁缝把衣服改一下3 convert指使事物的条件、性质、功能等发生重要改变、转换、或转化Scientists are trying to find cheaper ways to convert salt water to fresh water.科学家在努力寻找将海水淡化的更廉价的方法4 modify指在较小的范围内进行形式上的修改或调整They have to modify the terms of their lease.不得不修改租赁条款。

5 vary可以指仅仅改变事物的外观，也可指使事物的内在性质发生变化，通常是在同一组事物中将一种情形改变为另一种情形She varies the program each month to make it more attractive.每个月她都对节目做些变动，使它更吸引人 bother, disturb, trouble, worry这组词均含有“不停地烦扰他人或搞得某人心神不宁”的意思1 bother 和disturb常用于主动和被动两种形式中用于被动时，bother指常受到时有时无的小事的烦扰用于主动时， bother的意思比disturb强，带有故意打扰他人的意思If you return me the book, I will stop bothering you.你归还我的书后，我就不打扰你了2 disturb用于被动形式时，意思比bother强烈，有时甚至可指精神错乱用在主动形式时，意思最弱，指某人无意中打扰他人，这种打扰行为并非存心冲着他人去的The man was mentally disturbed.这个人精神错乱了3 trouble和worry主要用于被动，指被某事搞得心神不宁。

trouble比worry稍正式些，指麻烦别人一件事而影响他人舒适、方便、效率、健康或心境的平静等May I trouble you for the book?麻烦您把书递给我好吗?4 worry主要指因对某事的结果没有把握而焦虑不安，还可指某人沉浸在软弱无助的情绪或思虑中Worrying about your health can make you sick.经常担心你的健康，会使你生病的break, crack, crush, shatter, break, smash 这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思1 break是这组词中最常用的，指使某件东西破碎If you break that vase, you’ll have to pay for it.如果打破了那只花瓶，你就得赔偿2 crack 指打裂某物，但不一定打碎，因而通常不会成为碎片You may crack these nuts with a hammer.你可以用锤子把这些坚果敲开3 crush 强调挤压或踩的动作，毁坏程度取决于被压物的组织结构，或变形，或成小块，或可恢复原状To make wine, you first crush the grapes.若要造酒，需先将葡萄压碎。

3 shatter 打破某物，力大到使碎片飞出很远，常指整件东西完全被毁The explosion shattered most of the windows in the building.爆炸震碎了那座大楼的大部分窗玻璃4 smash 突出暴力，击打时动作较猛，被击打的东西往往完全报废He smashed the window with a brick.他用砖块击碎窗玻璃begin, commence, initiate, launch, start 这组词均含有“开始”的意思1 begin在这组词中最常用，泛指开始做某事但口语中近年来start用得较多The band began to play joyful music.乐队开始演奏欢快的音乐2 commence比begin用法正式在宗教或其它仪式及军事用语中人们倾向用commence. The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.军官命令士兵开始进攻3 initiate指进程中的第一步，与何时停止或结束没有关系The government has initiated a new reform program.政府启动了新的改革方案。

4 launch指开始或着手一项活动、计划等大规模或声势浩大的行动，行动前或行动中有一定的宣传鼓动 The company will launch an advertising compaign to introduce its new product.那个公司要发起广告攻势推出自己的新产品5 Start与stop构成反义用法，指从一特定地点出发，由静止或等待状态开始做某事在口语中常可代替begin  They started operations at once.他们马上开始行动besides, but, except, except for这组词均含有“除…外”的意思1 besides “除…外，还有…”，指更进一步的拥有，包括所“除”事物在内Have you got any clothes besides these? 除了这些衣服你还有别的吗?2 but不包括所引事物在内，多与nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, all, anybody等连用He has nobody but himself to blame for that.那件事他没法指责别人，只能怪他自己。

3 except不包括所引事物常与no, none, nothing等否定词或all,everyone, everything等连用，但不可用于句首They all went to the Summer Palace except one.除一人之外他们都去了颐和园4 except for常指除去所引情况让人稍感遗憾之外，整体情况尚属理想，被除去的事物与正在谈及的事物之间不具有共同属性或性质The roads were clear except for a few cars.除几辆小汽车外，路面很空旷use, apply, avail, employ, utilize这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意1 use强调利用人或物作为工具He used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他为实验新的涂料，花光了一切钱财2 Apply 指把某物或某种方法、原理等加以应用We should not only know the theory but also know how to apply it to practice.我们不仅要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。

3 avail指使用就近的或他人给予的东西，或使别人为自己提供服务I don’t think complaints will avail you much.我觉得抱怨对你没多大用处We avail ourselves of every opportunity to speak English.我们利用一切机会讲英语4 employ指使用未被利用的东西；用于人时表示雇用He doesn’t know how to employ his energy and time.他不知道该怎么利用他的精力和时间5 utilize指充分发挥某物的作用，使无用的东西变有用，或使人或物有新用途She hopes to utilize her artistic talents in the job.她希望在工作中发挥她的艺术才能tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn out组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思1 tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了2 exhausted 表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。

The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了3 fatigued所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强，表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏，不能再继续下去He felt fatigued and didn’t want to say a single word.他疲惫不堪，不想说一句话4 weary语气比tired强，指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦After a long and weary wait, the plane finally came to take them back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后，飞机终于来接他们回去了5 wornout这个词不太正式，多用于口语The troops were wornout after winning the battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪 thin，slender，slim，lean，slight，skinny，emaciated均有“瘦的”之意thin普通用词，可指身子骨生来单薄，身上没有什么肉，也指因疾病或疲劳而消瘦：Angela was dreadfully thin./She looked thin after her illness. slender表示颀长的、苗条的，含优美匀称的意味，也可用于身体的某一部分：She crossed her slender legs./She admires his slender build. slim与slender的区别在于含有纤弱的意味，通常用于个高体轻的女性：She kept slim by dieting and by exercising diligently./A tall，slim girl with long，stright hair. lean强调缺乏脂肪，表示清瘦而健康有力：a lean and hungry look/He had the lean fit look of a trained athlete. slight指个头小：She is slight of figure./I watched her slight figure cross the street. skinny表示太瘦，皮包骨头：Hes tall and skinny./a skinny little man *"emaciated尤指消瘦而憔悴：an emaciat ed survivor of a Nazi concentration。