土木工程应用思考题英语练习题测试题 (10).doc

Unit 10 SurveyingSection I Talking Face to Face1. IntroductionSurveying is a very important branch in construction. All the surveying work in construction is called call engineering survey. It serves for project designs, executions and the completion of the monitoring and operation management. Without surveying, none of the construction projects can develop and complete. Ask students to read dialogue and then make dialogues according to the task.2. Making a dialogue about asking majorsUseful SentencesWhat is your major?I’m majoring in ……Is there any thing wrong?I don’t know how to answer this question.Let me see. How many types of surveying can be divided?I think it should be … types, one is …and the other is …3. GreetingsUseful SentencesI haven’t seen you for ages? Where have you been?How nice it is! I have not been to I heard that it was very beautiful.This time we went there for surveying.It was very tired.We had to climb the mount and survey the area. Then we should draw a map of the mount. So you must be very tired.Have a good rest.Section Ⅱ Maintaining a Sharp EyePassage 1 SurveyingInformation Related to the Reading Passage测量的定义 　　1.早期的定义：研究地球的形状和大小，确定地面点的坐标的学科。

　　2.当前的定义：研究三维空间中各种物体的形状、大小、位置、方向和其分布的学科 测量学的内容包括测定和测设两个部分测定是指使用测量仪器和工具，通过测量和计算，得到一系列测量数据，或把地球表面的地形缩绘成地形图测设是指把图纸上规划设计好的建筑物、构筑物的位置在地面上标定出来，作为施工的依据Language Points1. Important Words1. accurate adj. 准确的;精确的[(+in/at)]Eg. The new salesgirl is accurate at figures. 新来的女售货员计算正确无误 His information was accurate. 他的情报是准确的 2. achieve vt ①完成,实现You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way. 你若总是这样消磨时间,就永远不会有所成就 ②达到,赢得The actor achieved fame when he was only nineteen. 那位演员十九岁时就成名了 3. assume v.① 以为;假定为;(想当然地)认为[+(that)]I assumed that he had gone for a stroll. 我想他去散步了。

② 承担;就任;取得The prince assumed power when he was only fifteen. 王子在十五岁时就掌权了③ 呈现;采取;采用His illness assumed a very grave character. 他的病显得非常的严重 ④ 装出,假装He assumed a look of surprise. 他装出吃惊的神色4. be concerned with 关于;与...有关His new book is concerned with Africa. 他的新作是关于非洲的As/so far as…be concerned 就…来说As far as liquids are concerned, this law is certain to be hold. 至于液体，这一定律当然有效5. contain v.① 包含;容纳The jar contains ten glasses of water. 这只大口瓶能装十杯水 The pill contains vitamins. 这药丸中含有多种维生素② 控制,遏制I could not contain my laughter. 我无法控制自己不笑出声来。

③ 相当于A gallon contains four quarts. 一加仑相当于四夸脱 ④可被...除尽10 contains 5 and 2. 十可被五和二除尽2. Difficult Sentences1. In general, surveying is limited to operations concerned with the representation of groud features in plan.分析：本句中 be limited to 系表结构作谓语，operations 是宾语，concerned with 短语作定语修饰operations.翻译：总而言之，测量仅限于在平面中有代表性的地面特征进行测量2. A branch of surveying which deal with the measurement of the relative heights of the features is known as leveling.分析：本句主语中包含有一个which引导的定语从句翻译：水平测量是其一个分支，即对物体的相对高度进行测量3. As the plane survey extends only over small areas, the line connecting two points on the earth is considered as a straight line and the angle between any two lines is considered as plane angle.分析：本句是复合句，as引导原因状语从句，主句主语是the line和the angle，connecting two points on the earth 作后置定语修饰 the line，between any two lines修饰the angle。

翻译：由于平面测量只能适用于小的区域，连接地面上任意两点之间的线条可以用直线，并且任意两条线之间的角度可以是平角4. The surveying in which curvature of the earth is taken into account for all measurements is known as geodetic surveying.分析：in which curvature of the earth is taken into account for all measurements 作定语修饰主语the surveying谓语是be taken into account翻译：在测量中考虑到地球表面的曲度的测量，称之为大地测量5. The result obtained from the above surveying will possess a high degree of accuracy as it considers the effect of curvature of the earth also.分析：本句谓语是will possessObtained from短语作后置定语修饰主语the result。

翻译：由于考虑到地球表面曲度的影响，上述测量所得出的结果精度较高6. This surveying extends over large areas and so any line connecting two points on the earth’s surface is considered as an arc.分析：本句为并列句主语分别为the surveying 和any line翻译：这种测量范围可扩大到大的区域，并且地球上任意两点之间线段都可以是弧线7. To undertake this method of surveying thorough knowledge in spherical trigonometry is required分析：本句主语是不定式to undertake this method of surveying thorough knowledge in spherical trigonometry翻译：要运用这种测量方法需要完全掌握球形三角学8. In order to eliminate the errors in observations due to atmospheric refraction, angular observations are generally taken only in nights and arc lamps are used as signals on survey stations.翻译：要想忽略由于大气折射所引起的观察误差，只能在夜晚进行角度观察，并在测绘站使用弧灯作为标记。

Keys to Passage 11. Read the passage and complete the following statements. 1. Surveying is the art of determining the relative positions of distinctive features on the earth’s surface.2. In general, surveying is limited to operations concerned with the representation of groud features in plan.3. The main object of any survey is the preparation of a plan or a map showing all the features of the area under consid。