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九年级九年级英语英语上册总复习：（上册总复习：（34 单元）单元） ；（；（56 单元）单元）湘教版湘教版【本讲教育信息本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容： 总复习：九年级上册（34 单元） ；九年级下册（56 单元）语法项目说明例句（1）语态概述英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（the active voice）和被动语态（the passive voice） 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象现在完成时态的被动语态：have / has been+及物动词过去分词情态动词的被动语态：can / may / much / should 等情态动词+be+及物动词过去分词例如：Many people speak English.许多人讲英语 （谓语 speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的，属主动语态 ）English is spoken by many people.讲英语的人很多 （主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者，属被动语态 ）被动语态（2）被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词 be 有人称数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。

一般现在时态的被动语态：am / is / are+及物动词过去分词一般过去时态的被动语态：was / were +及物动词过去分词现在进行时态的被动语态：am / is / are +being+及物动词的过去分词一般将来时态的被动语态：will / shall + be+及物动词的过去分词；am / is / are going to +be+及物动词的过去分词现在完成时态的被动语态：have / has been +及物动词过去分词含情态动词的被动语态：can / may / must / should 等情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词The classroom is cleaned every day.每天打扫教室Two thieves were caught last night.昨晚抓到了两个小贼A new teaching building is being built in our school.我们学校正在兴建一栋新的教学楼The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.北京将举办 2008 年奥运会Our homework has been finished already.我们已经完成了家庭作业。

Water can be changed into ice.水能变成冰语法项目说明例句（3）被动语态的用法当我们不知道或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时The lights are usually turned on at 7:30.通常是在 7：30 开灯 （不知道是谁开的）Such books are written for children.这类书是为儿童编写的 （没有必要说明作者是谁） 需要强调动作的承受者时This kind of bicycle is made in that factory.这种自行车是那个厂生产的Table tennis is played all over China.全中国人都打乒乓球 （4）主动语态变被动语态的方法：主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语；主动结构的谓语动词变为被动语态（be+过去分词） ；主动结构的主语变为介词 by的宾语，如果动作的执行者不需要强调或说明，by 短语则可省去We like this picture.This picture is liked by us.我们喜欢这幅画The nurse takes good care of these babies.These babies are taken good care of by the nurse.这个护士把婴儿照顾的很好。

We often use a recorder in our English class.A recorder is often used（by us）in our English class.我们经常在英语课上使用录音机 含直接宾语的间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时，一般将主动句中的表示人的间接宾语变为被动句的主语，直接宾语作保留宾语；也可以将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语作保留宾语，但这时保留宾语前多加介词to 或 forMy mother tells me a story every day.I am told a story by my mother every day. /A story is told to me by my mother every day.我妈妈每天给我讲一个故事Her granny often buys her some cakes.She is often bought some cakes by her granny. / Some cakes are often bought for her by her granny.她奶奶经常买饼干给她吃被动语态 感官动词（see, hear, watch, find, feel）等，使役动词（have, let, make 等）在被动语态中，动词前面一定要加 to，即 to 不能省略。

The boss made the worker work 18 hours a day.The worker was made （by the boss）to work 18 hours a day.老板逼迫工人每天工作 18 小时I see my father go to work early every day.My father is seen to go to work early every day.我看见我爸每天清晨就去上班了语法项目说明例句 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句，它的作用相当于形容词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词定语从句必须放在先行词之后引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that 和关系副词when, where, why关系代词和关系副词既连接定语从句和它的先行词，同时又充当定语从句中的一个成分关系代词可作主语、宾语和定语，关系副词可作状语 1. 关系代词（1）who 指人，在定语从句中作主语注意：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致This is the bike which I want to buy.这就是我想要买的自行车。

He is a man that you can safely depend on.他是一个你尽管放心信赖的人We will never forget the days when we worked together on the farm.我们永远也不会忘记我们一起在农场干活的那些日子The woman who lives next to me is a policewoman.住在我隔壁的那个人是一位女警察Girls who work in restaurants are called waitresses.在饭馆里工作的女孩被称为女服务员The man who is talking to our teacher is Mikes father.和我们老师谈话的那个人是迈克的父亲This is the reason why he didnt come here.这就是他为什么没有来这里的原因The girl whose mother is an English teacher does well in English.她妈妈是英语老师的那个女孩英语学得很好Is there anything that I can do for you?我能帮您做点什么？（2）whom 指人（在口语中可用who 代替） ，在定语从句中作宾语。

注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略This is the girl whom / who you want to see.这就是你想见的那个女孩Do you know the woman （whom）we met at the gate?你认识我们在大门口遇见的那个妇女吗？The man（whom）you helped is my neighbour.你帮助过的那个人是我的邻居定语从句 （3）whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语This is the boy whose bag was lost yesterday.这就是昨天丢了书包的那个男孩This is Mr Wang, whose wife works in a big hospital.这是王先生，他的妻子在一家大医院工作What is the name of the boy whose brother is a doctor?他哥哥是医生的那个男孩叫什么？语法项目说明例句 （4）which 指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语 （作宾语时，可省略）China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。

（作主语）This is the book（which）I bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那本书 （作宾语）A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.词典是解释词的意义的书作主语） （5）that 指物或人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语You must do everything that I do.你必须做我所做的所有事情Who is the person that is working at a computer over there?在那边计算机上工作的那个人是谁？（作主语，指人）Is she the girl that sells flowers？她是卖花的那个女孩吗？Where is the dictionary that（which）I bought last week?我上个星期买的那本字典在哪儿吗？（作宾语，指物，可省略） 2. 关系副词 （1）when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语He came last night when I was out.他昨晚来时我出去了I will never forget the day when I joined the League.我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。

We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better.我们打算把野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能转好 （2）where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语This is the place where my father once worked.这就是我父亲曾工作过的地方He has reached the point where a change is needed.他已到了需要改弦易辙的地步 （3）why 指原因，在定语从句中作状语I dont know the reason why they didnt come to school.我不知道他们为什么没有来上学定语从句 3. 只用 that，不用 which 或 who 的情况： （1）当先行词是指物的不定代词 all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything 等时All that glitters is not gold.闪光的东西不都是金子That is 。