工业电阻炉温度模糊控制系统的设计.doc

西安科技大学电控学院学士学位论文- I -工业电阻炉温度模糊控制系统的设计工业电阻炉温度模糊控制系统的设计摘要摘要本文根据实际生产过程的温度特性，针对时滞和不确定的复杂非线性系统 的控制问题，提出了一种模糊控制系统方案，该模糊控制器用于电阻炉的温度 控制, 可在模型未知的情况下，根据被控温度的偏差大小，选取适当的控制算 法进行自动调节，使炉温达到给定值，方案结构简单，无需被控对象的精确数 学模型，且能适应环境的变化，具有控制精度高、动态性能好的特点 电阻炉由电阻丝加热，温度控制具有非线性、大滞后、大惯性、时变性、 升温单向性等特点在实际应用和研究中，温度控制遇到了以下困难：第一， 很难建立精确的数学模型；第二，不能很好地解决非线性、大滞后等问题以 精确数学模型为基础的经典控制理论和现代控制论在解决这些问题时遇到了极 大的困难，而以语言规则模型（IF-THEN）为基础的模糊控制理论却是解决上 述问题的有效途径和方法国内现有的一些模糊设计方法大多存在不同缺点， 而且真正把理论研究应用到实际系统的实例较少所以，深入研究在电阻炉系 统控制中具体应用模糊控制设计理论是十分必要的关键词关键词：电阻炉；模糊控制器；温度控制；控制仿真电阻炉；模糊控制器；温度控制；控制仿真西安科技大学电控学院学士学位论文- II -A Design of Temperature Fuzzy Control System of Industry Resistor FurnanceAbstractIn this paper, according to the temperature characteristic of the real production process, and in view of skewing and uncertain complicated non-linear control question systematically, this paper puts forward a kind of fuzzy control system scheme, whose scheme structure is simple and which does not need the target's accurate mathematical model, and can adapt to the change of the environment , controlling the characteristic with high precision and with good dynamic performance. This fuzzy controller is used in resistance furnace temperature control. Satisfactory result has been obtained.Electric heating furnace is heated by resistance wire, so it has non-linear, great lagging, big inertia, time varying and unidirectional rising. In practical study and application, the temperature control of electric heating furnace has met the following difficulty: First, it is very difficult to set up accurate mathematics model; Second, we can't well solve the problems of non-linear, great lagging etc.. The classical control theory based on accurate mathematics model and modern cybernetics have met great difficulty in solving these problems, but the fuzzy control theory based on regular language model of IF-THEN is an effective way of solving the above-mentioned problems. Some domestic existing fuzzy design methods mostly have different shortcomings, and practical systems applied by theoretical research are less really. So further investigating how the fuzzy design theory system is applied in control system of electric heating furnace is very necessary.Keywords Resistance furnace；；fuzzy controller；；temperature control西安科技大学电控学院学士学位论文- III -目目 录录摘要……...............................................................................................................I Abstract................................................................................................................II第 1 章 绪论........................................................................................................1 1.1 课题背景...................................................................................................1 1.2 工业电阻炉的介绍...................................................................................1 1.3 模糊控制的研究与进展...........................................................................4 1.4 模糊控制在工业电阻炉上应用的可行性...............................................6 第 2 章 模糊控制理论........................................................................................7 2.1 引言...........................................................................................................7 2.2 模糊控制系统组成及工作原理...............................................................8 2.2.1 模糊控制系统的组成........................................................................9 2.2.2 模糊控制系统工作原理....................................................................9 2.3 模糊控制器的结构与设计.......................................................................9 第 3 章 电阻炉温度模糊控制系统的设计......................................................13 3.1 电阻炉温度模糊控制系统.....................................................................13 3.2 温度控制系统硬件设计概述.................................................................14 3.2.1 温度传感器的选择..........................................................................14 3.2.2 温度信号转换电路..........................................................................15 3.2.3 A/D 转换与开关量输出接口...........................................................16 3.2.4 可控硅触发电路..............................................................................16 3.3 模糊控制器的设计及实现.....................................................................16 3.3.1 模糊控制器的设计步骤..................................................................17 3.4 模糊控制与 PID 控制方法的比较.........................................................24 3.4.2 两者之间的联系..............................................................................24 第 4 章 模糊控制器的硬件设计......................................................................26 4.1 89C51 型单片机模糊控制器的系统功能机硬件组成 ..........................26 4.1.1 单片机模糊控制器的系统功能......................................................26 4.1.2 单片机类型的选择..........................................................................27 4.2 89C51 型单片机模糊控制器的硬件系统组成 ......................................27 4.2.1 89C51 型单片机模糊控制器前向通道得设计 ...............................29 4.2.2 89C51 型。