新职业英语 土建英语 Unit 3【基础教学】.ppt

土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a Building土 建 英 语新职业英语新职业英语English for Civil Engineering土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingWarming-upReading AListeningSpeaking4123Reading B5Writing6Vocabulary and Structure8Self-evaluation7Grammar9The Greatest Building 10土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingTask 1Task 2土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingTask 1 A team of a construction project involves people who play different roles. Match the people with their Chinese equivalents.1. architect2. civil engineer3. interior designer4. quantity surveyor5. engineer in charge6. mechanical engineer7. electrical engineer8. structural engineerA. 结构工程师B. 电气工程师C. 室内设计师D. 建筑师E. 机械工程师F. （工时、造价等）估算员G. 主管工程师H. 土木工程师土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingTask 2Match the phrases with their Chinese equivalents.1. preliminary design2. specifications3. comparison of drafts4. process flow chart5. master plan6. technical design7. color scheme8. working drawingA. 明细规范B. 方案比较C. 总体规划图D. 初步设计E. 色彩布局F. 工艺流程图G. 施工图H. 技术设计土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading ATask 1TextTask 2Task 3Task 4土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading ATask 1 Before reading the passage, see how much you know about design procedures by answering the following questions.1. What is an architectural design?2. What factors should be taken into consideration before a design is completed?土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading AHow to Design The design of each construction project has its own specific characteristics, but the steps or phases that are needed to build the structure are similar. These steps are mainly:土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading AStep One: Study Performance Requirements The designer must study the performancerequirements thoroughly. Some of theserequirements include matters such as loadintensities and their duration, and the effects ofdynamic action.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading AStep Two: Investigate Local Conditions The design of any civil engineering structure is greatly influenced by local conditions. Even if the performance requirements are the same and the same type of structures is selected for different locations, each structure will exhibit differences in design so as to comply with the local conditions. Site elevations, foundation characteristics, water tables, immediate surroundings, and the environment as a whole are some of the local conditions that will need to be investigated.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading AStep Three: Draw a Preliminary Design Size ratios depend on the type of structures, Its use, and the major design procedure that is adopted. Cross-sections of the area, and the use of available empirical rules, combined with some rough calculations will help the drawing of a preliminary design. Preliminary sizes and size ratios, have to be assumed before any analysis can take place.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading AStep Four: Carry out a Structural Analysis The stress levels to be expected from thepreliminary design can now be determined. Inmost cases, strength is the initial design criterion,while all other criteria are used for checks at laterstages.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading AStep Five: Select Shapes and Sizes The revised selection of sizes and shapes andtheir ratios takes place after analysis. These arecompared with those initially assumed. To arriveat an economical design, it is usually necessaryto repeat the analysis with the revised sizesand shapes. For an optimum design, computerprograms can be used to carry out this trial-and-error procedure, which typically assumesdimensions and checks the resulting stresses bymeans of analysis.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading AStep Six: Develop a Secondary Design Most designs are initially based on thestrength criterion. Overall structural stability,deformations, dynamic behavior, the occurrenceof secondary stresses due to temperature changes, and the design and retention of connections could all be classified as secondary design criteria. When these secondary effects are investigated, they may prove to be major effects requiring modifications or revisions of the initial design. Based on experience, the engineer may be able to recognize at an early stage how relevant any secondary criteria will be and will include these in the initial design.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading A 每个建筑项目的设计都有其具体的特点，每个建筑项目的设计都有其具体的特点，必要的设计步骤大致相同。

这些步骤主要有：必要的设计步骤大致相同这些步骤主要有：如何进行设计如何进行设计土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading A第一步：研究性能要求第一步：研究性能要求 设计者必须全面研究性能要求这些设计者必须全面研究性能要求这些要求包括负荷强度和持续时间，以及动态要求包括负荷强度和持续时间，以及动态作用的影响作用的影响土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading A第二步：考察当地条件第二步：考察当地条件 任何一项土建工程的结构设计都极大地受到当任何一项土建工程的结构设计都极大地受到当地条件的影响即使性能要求相同而且建筑类型也相地条件的影响即使性能要求相同而且建筑类型也相同，如果建筑地点不同，每个建筑在设计上也会有所同，如果建筑地点不同，每个建筑在设计上也会有所差异，从而与当地条件相适应选址的海拔高度、地差异，从而与当地条件相适应选址的海拔高度、地基特征、地下水位、周围事物以及整个环境等都是需基特征、地下水位、周围事物以及整个环境等都是需要深入调查的当地条件要深入调查的当地条件。

土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading A第三步：做出初步设计第三步：做出初步设计 大小比例取决于结构的类型、应用以及主要采用大小比例取决于结构的类型、应用以及主要采用的设计程序区域横截面，现有的经验法则结合一些的设计程序区域横截面，现有的经验法则结合一些粗略计算，都有助于做出初步的设计粗略计算，都有助于做出初步的设计土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading A第四步：进行结构分析第四步：进行结构分析 现在可以决定初步设计中预期的应力水平现在可以决定初步设计中预期的应力水平在多数情况下，强度是初始设计标准，而所有其在多数情况下，强度是初始设计标准，而所有其他标准则用于后期检验他标准则用于后期检验土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading A第五步：选择形状和大小第五步：选择形状和大小 经过分析，可以修正大小、形状和比例等，并经过分析，可以修正大小、形状和比例等，并与初始假设作比较为了设计出一种经济的方案，与初始假设作比较。

为了设计出一种经济的方案，通常都需要对调整后的大小和形状进行反复分析通常都需要对调整后的大小和形状进行反复分析为了达到最优化设计，可以利用计算机程序执行反为了达到最优化设计，可以利用计算机程序执行反复试验程序，这是一种典型的，用于假定大小并且复试验程序，这是一种典型的，用于假定大小并且检验由此产生的应力的方法检验由此产生的应力的方法土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading A第六步：进行二次设计第六步：进行二次设计 大多数设计最初是基于强度标准而整体大多数设计最初是基于强度标准而整体结构的稳定性、变形、动力学行为和由温度变结构的稳定性、变形、动力学行为和由温度变化引起的次应力、连接的设计和保留等都可作化引起的次应力、连接的设计和保留等都可作为二次设计标准当深入研究这些影响后，就为二次设计标准当深入研究这些影响后，就可能需对初步设计进行修改或修正工程师可可能需对初步设计进行修改或修正工程师可以根据经验，在早期发现这些二次标准的相关以根据经验，在早期发现这些二次标准的相关性并在初步设计时加以考虑性并在初步设计时加以考虑土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading Acharacteristicn. 特征，，特性e.g.1. The need to communicate with one another is a key characteristic of human society. 人类社会的关键特性就是人们需要与其他人 交流。

2. Babbling remains one of Jim’s less endearing characteristics. 唠叨一直是吉姆不太讨人喜欢的一个特点土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading Athoroughlye.g.1. I’m thoroughly confused by his words. 我对他说的话感到非常困惑 2. I thoroughly enjoyed the dinner tonight. 我非常喜欢今天的晚餐adv. 完全地；极度地土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading Ainfluencev. 影响，起作用e.g.1. A number of social factors influence life expectancy. 很多社会因素都会影响平均寿命 2. Don’t let me influence your idea. 别让我影响你的想法。

Useful Expression： influence sb. to do sth. 影响某人做某事土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading Acomply with服从，遵守e.g.1. There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations. 不遵守规则将受到严重惩罚 2. People who refuse to comply with the law will be punished. 不遵守法律的人将受到惩罚土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading Ainvestigatev. 查明；调查；审查e.g.1. The researchers are investigating to find out how to improve the existing products. 研究者们正在调查找出改善现有产品的方法。

2. I heard a noise and went downstairs to investigate. 我听见响声，就下楼去看个究竟土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading Aadoptv. 采用e.g.1. He has adopted a remarkably light-hearted attitude toward the situation. 在这种情形下他采取了一种异常轻松的 态度来面对 2. The courts asked to adopt a more flexible approach to young offenders. 法庭要求对年轻罪犯采用较灵活的处理方法 土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading Aempiricaladj. 以经验为依据的e.g.1. Empirical studies show that some forms of alternative medicine are extremely effective. 科学研究显示一些替换性的药物是非常有效的。

2. Researchers hope to find empirical evidence to confirm their investigation. 研究者们希望能找到实验依据证明他们的调查 土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading Acriterionn. （尤指做出科学判断、决定的）标准，准则e.g.1. We are looking for a very specific sort of person and this woman seems to fulfill all of our criteria. 我们正在找一个特别的人而这个女人正 符合所有的标准 2. What are your criteria for judging a good person? 你判断一个好人的标准是什么？土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading Aeconomicaladj. 经济的，省钱的，节约的e.g.1. What’s the most economical way of heating this building? 给这栋楼供暖最经济的方式是什么？ 2. A small car is more economical than a large one. 小型汽车比大型的更省钱。

土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading Aoptimumadj. 最优的；最佳条件，最佳状况e.g.1. A mixture of selected funds is an optimum choice for future security and return on investment. 对于将来投资回报的安全性，有选择性的基金的 混合是最好的选择 2. It is the optimum conditions for growing rice. 这是种植水稻的最佳条件土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading Aoveralladj. 包括一切的，全部的e.g.1. The overall report is good, despite a few minor problems. 报告总体上好的，虽然有一些小问题 2. What’s the overall cost of the products? 这个产品全部的费用是多少？土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading Adeformationn. 变丑，畸形e.g.1. The deformation of the bones was caused by poor diet. 骨骼的变形是由营养不良引起的。

2. The change of the temperature leads to the deformation of the wooden door. 温度的改变导致了木质门的变形土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading Adurationn. 持续的时间，期间e.g.1. He will be in hospital for the duration of the school year. 整个学前他都要住院 2. Jack was interned and had to stay in the UK for the duration of the war. 杰克遭到扣押，在战争中不得不留在英国土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading Aoccurrencen. 发生的事，事件e.g.1. Hurricane in this place is a common occurrence. 这个地方刮飓风是常有的事。

2. Laughter was a rare occurrence in her classroom. 她的教室里难得有笑声土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading Astructuren. 结构e.g.1. The financial structure is the key of the company. 财务结构是组成公司的关键 2. The structure of this sentence is very simple. 这个句子的结构非常简单土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading ATask 2 Read the passage and arrange the following steps in the right order.The correct order is ________________________________E C D B F AA. Develop a Secondary DesignB. Carry out a Structural AnalysisC. Investigate Local ConditionsD. Draw a Preliminary DesignE. Study Performance RequirementsF. Select Shapes and Sizes土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading ATask 3 Read the passage again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).TTFFFFTF1.The performance requirements are carefully studied at the very beginning.2. The local conditions may affect the design considerably.3. Site elevations, foundation characteristics, etc. decide the size ratios in a preliminary design.4. The stability is a criterion in initial design.5. The sizes and shapes are selected in the third step.6. For a good design, a trial-and-error procedure is conducted by engineers themselves.7. Secondary design consideration include structural stability, deformations, etc.8. Temperature changes may affect the stability of a building.□□□□□□□□土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading ATask 4 Answer the following questions by filling in the blanks.1. What are performance requirements? They include ____________ and their duration, and _____________________________ .2. What are the local conditions for civil engineering structure? They include _______________ , foundation characteristics, ______________ and immediate surroundings, etc.3. What are closely related to preliminary sizes? Size ratios depend on __________________, its use, and the major ______________________.load intensitiesthe effects of dynamic actionsite elevationswater tablesthe type of structuresdesign procedure that is adopted土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading A4. What is mentioned as a criterion in the initial design? In most cases, _________is the initial design criterion, while all other criteria are used for checks at later stages.5. What is involved for an optimum design? For an optimum design __________________, can be used to carry out the ______________________, which typically assumes dimensions and checks the resulting stress by means of analysis.strengthcomputer programstrial-and-error procedure土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingListeningTask 2Task 3Task 4Task 1Task 5土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingListeningTask 1Mrs. Li is calling John for the next monthly meeting. Listen to the conversation and complete the following statements.1. This conversation probably takes place between a(n) ____________ and a(n) _____________ .2. Mrs. Li asks John to _____________________________ and ________________________________.3. John promises to respond to Mrs. Li either _____________or __________________.managersecretaryproofread her plan for the meetingsend the plan to the architects and civil engineersthis afternoonthis eveningNew Wordsworkable adj. 可行的proofread v. 校对土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingListeningTask 1Task 1 ScriptScript 土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingListeningTask 2Listen to the conversation in Task 1 again and complete the following notepad.To talk about the next meetingnext Wednesday, the 15thArchitects and civil engineersAbout the construction schedulePurpose of the conversation:___________________________________Time for the meeting:___________________________________Participants of the meeting:___________________________________Main issue of the meeting:___________________________________土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingListeningTask 3 Listen to the architect, Mr. Holt, as he gives his monthly progress report at the meeting. Fill in the blanks with what you hear. Mrs. Li: Shall we start our meeting? OK. Gentlemen, the purpose of our meeting today is to review and discuss the 1 ________ of this project. Mr. Holt, our main 2 ________ for this project, will give us an account of the construction schedule and recent progress.progressarchitect土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingListeningMr. Holt: First of all, I would like to explain what we have achieved. Generally speaking, the 3 _____________activities have been going smoothly. Let me start with the diversion structure. We have placed 2,656 cubic meters of concrete. This phase will be completed tomorrow and 4 ___________. Next, I’d like to discuss the scheduled work for the next four weeks. We understand that the weather forecast is 5 _______ that the rainy season will come earlier than usual. So we have concentrated our manpower and equipment on the 6 __________and on the concrete placement.constructionon scheduleindicatingfoundations土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingListeningTask 3Task 3 ScriptScript 土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingListeningTask 4 An Environmental Inspector, Mr. Chen, is paying a visit to Mrs. Li’s project. Listen to the conversation and answer the following questions.1. What’s the purpose of Mr. Chen’s visit? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿2. What are the local residents from nearby communities　　　worried about?　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　　　　　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿His visit is to learn how the environment is being　protected.They are worried about the possible negative　impact on the environment especially during the　construction phase.New Wordsresident n. 居民contamination n. 污染土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingListening3. What has the company done to protect the environment　in general?　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　　　　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿4. What does the company do to protect the river from 　　contamination?　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿5. Where does Mr. Chen want to go at last?　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　　　The company have studied the relevant environmental protection regulations and fully complied with everything.They clear away things like empty cement bags and other waste materials from the river banks twice a day.He wants to go to the construction site.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingListeningTask Task ４４ ScriptScript 土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingListeningTask 5 Listen to a passage about structural design and fill in the blanks with what you hear. 1 ___________________________ is a significant aspect of structural design. It usually starts with a basic shape and size, and then the ratios are changed by 2 ________________ This process is dynamic. The adjustment may be 3 _______________________ , or it may be modeled on computers but the 4 __________________are constantly monitored. Other considerations, such as 5 _____________________, deformations, dynamic behavior, are also important criteria in a structural design.The selection of shapes and sizesproper adjustmenta trial-and-error procedureresulting stressoverall structural stabilityNew Wordsadjustment n. 调整，调节constantly adv. 不断地，时常地土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingListeningTask 5Task 5 ScriptScript 土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingSpeakingTask 2Task 3Task 4Task 1土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingSpeakingTask 1Work by yourself. Read and learn the followingexpressions by heart.Requesting ClarificationResponseDo you mean that…?Yes, that’s what I mean.Could you clarify that for me?Exactly.I don’t get it.Not really.Are you trying to say that…?Not at all.Could you please go over that again?Let me put it this way.What do you mean by…?What I’m trying to say is…土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingSpeakingTask 2 Work in pairs. Suppose you are a representative for a construction company and you are hold a press conference about a new project. Discuss what types of questions may be raised and how you should answer them.Example:A: Good morning, everyone. I’m John Hopkins, from TCT Building Company. Any questions?B: Could you say the initial plan was a success from your point of view?A:____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________.B: Do you have plans for further improvements?A:_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________.B: One last question: is it true that you said you expect to get approval of your secondary plans in the next monthly meeting?A:_____________________________________________________.B: …Well, as I said before, the initial plan serves as a good beginning, which also needs constant modification. It was successful in a sense for it is a flexible and open plan.Sure. The following-up plan has been discussed and we will consult the experts in this field in our meetings to ensure the plan suits the purpose.Yes, sure.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingSpeakingTask 3 Manager of TCT Building Work in pairs. Suppose you are the Senior Company, while your partner is an inspector. Practice making a conversation with the help of the instructions below.Senior Manager❖ welcome the inspector for his/her visit❖ explain the design details❖ introduce the quality control strategiesInspector❖ check the plans and designs❖ check the quality of building materials❖ expect to talk with the engineers and workers土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingSpeakingTask 4 Work in groups. Suppose you are chairing a meeting. Practice holding a discussion by following the steps given below.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading BTask 1Task 2TextTask 3 土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading BBuilding A-B: General Offices and Departmental Offices Building A-B is aligned east-west andis situated at the northwest corner of thesite. The elevations of Buildings A-B and Care the same.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading B Building A-B contains two main office areas, the General Offices and Departmental Offices. In order to provide easy communication between these two groups they are placed together in onebuilding with the General Offices to the south and the Departmental Offices to the north. They share a south-facing main entrance and are separated by an open-air courtyard. At the west side of the courtyard is a shared Exhibition Hall on Level 1 and a large Meeting Room on Level 3.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading B At the north and the south of the Exhibition Hall are a set of stairs and an elevator; the set at the south is for the General Offices and the set at the north for the Departmental Offices. An additional single staircase at the east side of thecourtyard is shared by both.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading B Windows on Levels 1, 2 and 3 havewindow sills at 900mm above the floor, while windows on Level 4 are floor toceiling.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading BTo reduce solar heat gain and glare:• The upper part of the south façade has a large roof overhang.• The lower floors of the south façade are shaded by a wall of ivy that climbs up to a long cantilever beam from the floor of Level 4.• The west - facing window of the Exhibition Hall (Level 1) is 13.6 meters. The window slopes inward to reduce heat gain and to provide indirect light to the room.• The west-facing window of the large Meeting Room (Level 3) is protected by a man-made wood, louvered screen.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading B Exterior wall finishes are mainly exterior paint. Exterior window sills are aluminum 3mm thick. The interior courtyard walls are curtain walls. The columns around the courtyards rise up 3 meters above the parapet walls. The top of the columns are linked by a perimeter beam.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading B A A 座和座和B B 座均为东西走向，位于建筑区西座均为东西走向，位于建筑区西北角。

北角A A 座和座和B B 座的楼高与座的楼高与C C座一致A A 座和座和B B 座：行政办公区和教学办公区座：行政办公区和教学办公区土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading B A A 座和座和B B 座有两个主要办公区：行政办公区和教学办座有两个主要办公区：行政办公区和教学办公区它们同在一个建筑物内是为了方便沟通，其中行政公区它们同在一个建筑物内是为了方便沟通，其中行政办公去在南面，教学办公区在北面它们还共用一个朝南办公去在南面，教学办公区在北面它们还共用一个朝南的正门，并由一个露天的庭院隔开在庭院西侧是一个共的正门，并由一个露天的庭院隔开在庭院西侧是一个共享的展览厅，该厅位于一层，以及位于三层的一个大会议享的展览厅，该厅位于一层，以及位于三层的一个大会议室土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading B 展览厅的北侧和南侧均有楼梯和电梯南侧展览厅的北侧和南侧均有楼梯和电梯南侧的楼梯供行政办公区使用，北侧的楼梯供教学办的楼梯供行政办公区使用，北侧的楼梯供教学办公区使用。

另外，庭院东侧的单梯为共用梯公区使用另外，庭院东侧的单梯为共用梯土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading B 一层、二层和三层的窗户有离地面一层、二层和三层的窗户有离地面900900毫米毫米的窗台，而四层的窗户则是从地板到天花板的落的窗台，而四层的窗户则是从地板到天花板的落地窗土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading B为了减少太阳得热和刺眼强光：为了减少太阳得热和刺眼强光：1. 1. 南立面上半部分屋顶有大的挑檐南立面上半部分屋顶有大的挑檐2. 2. 南立面下半部分是靠爬到四层悬臂梁的常春藤遮盖南立面下半部分是靠爬到四层悬臂梁的常春藤遮盖3. 3. 展示厅（一层）的西向窗户为展示厅（一层）的西向窗户为13.6 13.6 米窗户向内倾米窗户向内倾 斜减少日晒，并且为房间提供间接光照斜减少日晒，并且为房间提供间接光照4. 4. 大会议室（三层）的西向窗户有人造木质的百叶纱窗大会议室（三层）的西向窗户有人造木质的百叶纱窗土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading B 外部墙面装饰主要是外用漆。

外窗台用铝来外部墙面装饰主要是外用漆外窗台用铝来装饰，厚度为装饰，厚度为3 3毫米内部庭院的墙壁为幕墙庭毫米内部庭院的墙壁为幕墙庭院周围的柱子高出女儿墙三米，柱子的顶端有圈院周围的柱子高出女儿墙三米，柱子的顶端有圈梁相连土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading BTask 1 Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).FTFTTT1. Building A-B is situated at the southwest corner of the site.2. The two main office areas, the General Offices and Departmental Offices are placed together for easy communication.3. The General Offices are at the north and the Departmental Offices are at the south.4. Both the General Offices and the Departmental Offices share a main entrance which is south-facing.5. Both the General Offices and the Departmental Offices have their own elevators.6. Windows on Level 4 are larger than those on Levels 1, 2 and 3.□□□□□□土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading BTask 2 Read the passage again and choose the best answer to complete each statement.1. The Exhibition Hall is on _______. A. Level 1 B. Level 2 C. Level 32. A set of stairs and an elevator is at ________ of the Exhibition Hall. A. the north B. the south C. both the north and the south3. Windows on Level _________ are floor to ceiling. A. 2 B. 3 C. 44. The upper part of the south façade has _______ large roof overhang. A. one B. two C. threeACCA土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading B5. The lower floors of the south façade are shaded by a wall of _______. A. glass B. stone C. ivy6. The west-facing window of the Exhibition Hall is _______meters. A. 13.2 B. 13.4 C. 13.67. Exterior window sills are _______ 3mm thick. A. stone B. aluminum C. marble8. The columns around the courtyards rise up 3 _______ above the parapet walls. A. meters B. decimeters C. centimetersCCBA土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingReading BTask 3Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Four parallel walls are the major elements of this house. Because these walls are independent of the structure, the openings are freelyplaced according to functional needs. The interior volume has a white marble floor and is furnished with steel wardrobes and marble tables. Delicate stainless steel screens that hang from the ceiling divide this volume into an entrance, a living room and a dining room. 四面平行墙构成这栋住宅的主要组成部分。

由于这些墙体是独立的结构，因此其内部空间可根据功能的需要而灵活布置室内有一个白色大理石铺砌的地面，并装饰以钢制衣柜和大理石桌子从天花板悬挂下来的精致的不锈钢隔板将整个空间分成一个入口、一间起居室和一间餐厅土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingWritingTask土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingWritingTask Read the schedule below and then email your project manager by summarizing the schedule in 120 words. Some parts have been done for you. ScheduleJanuary 15 the preliminary designFebruary 15 the construction plan and related issuesMarch 15 the technical specifications and manpower allocationApril 15 the secondary design considerations土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingDear Mrs. Wang, The first meeting was successful. Thanks to the efforts made by the architects and civil engineers, the team has drafted the schedule for the design of the ABC project. According to the schedule,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ This is the planned schedule to date. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me. Yours sincerely, JohnWriting the initial design will be due on Jan. 15th. Any issues to be raised about the construction plan can be discussed at our second meeting, on Feb. 15th. At the third meeting, due on Mar.15th, the technical specifications and manpower allocations will be discussed. Finally, it was agreed among the participants that the secondary design considerations will be explored in detail on Apr. 15th.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingSelf-evaluation土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingVocabulary and StructureTask 1Task 2Task 3Task 4土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingVocabulary and StructureTask 1 Match the following terms with their Chinese meanings.1. construction project2. repair3. quality of building engineering4. acceptance5. inspection6. safety technical measures7. cost calculation system8. construction siteA. 工地B. 建设工程项目C. 建筑工程质量D. 安全技术措施E. 验收F. 成本核算制G. 返修H. 检验土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingVocabulary and StructureTask 2 Complete the following statements with the words or phrases given in the box. Change the form if necessary.1. These commercial buildings have become__________ now that the government has moved its offices out.2. A mixture of selected funds is a(n) __________ choice for future security and return on investment.3. Steel is produced by _________ iron ____carbon.4. The concert _________________ next Thursday.redundantoptimumcombinedwithwill take placeredundant take place comply with as a wholedetain optimum combine with in nature土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a Building5. We were late for the meeting because we were _________ by heavy traffic.6. Anyone who does not _____________ these regulations will be asked to leave.7. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to schools, which will bring about significant impacts on children and families, and even the society ___________ .8. The market, especially in finance, is becoming increasingly global ____________ .Vocabulary and Structuredetainedcomply withas a wholein natureredundant take place comply with as a wholedetain optimum combine with in nature土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingVocabulary and StructureTask 3 Fill in each blank with the appropriate form of the word given in the brackets.1. (align) _______ the ruler and the middle of the paper and then cut it straight.2. They plan to have the bus stop (situation) _________ at the corner of the road.3. The colors of the walls and all the furniture are beautifully (coordination) ____________to create an attractive whole.4. For some students in China, their primary goal is to pass the college (enter) ________ examination, and their lives are filled with tests and exams.5. The sitting room had several exposed wooden (beam) _________ .Alignsituatedcoordinatedentrancebeams土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingVocabulary and Structure6. The (interior) __________ of the car smelled strongly of alcohol when the driver was stopped by police.7. He seems quite cold and unfriendly on the (exterior) ___________ , but actually he is a very kind, compassionate person.8. The downtown (locate) __________ of the office building makes it an attractive investment.9. On average, the (duration) _____________ of a single blink of the human eye is 0.3 seconds.10. Solar heat (gain) ________ of windows is an important factor that influences the energy consumption of air conditioning in buildings.interiorexteriorlocationdurationgain土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingVocabulary and StructureTask 4 Translate the following Chinese into English, usingthe words given in the brackets.1. Hundreds of young people who work in the tourist trade ________________________ (面临着被解聘 的危险) at the end of summer. (face)2. The building _____________________________ (在结构上受到重创) during the earthquake. (suffer from)3. In construction phase, ______________________ _________________________(协调和制定建筑材料 的购买和运送计划) are significant for the quality and cost-effective of the construction project. (coordination)face the danger of getting firedsuffered from significant damage in structurethe coordination and schedulingof material purchase and delivery土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingVocabulary and Structure4. In North American culture, a husband’s job is typically given priority because it is more important to ___________________________________ (对家庭的整个经 济情况). (overall)5. We need to _______________________________ (找到更经 济实惠的方法) to manufacture our products because our profit margin is too low. (economical)6. The government set up a commission to conduct progress meetings, payment schedule and__________________________________ (撰写详尽的项 目进展日程). (detailed)the overall economic situation of the familyfind a more economical waydraft detailed construction schedule土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammarTask 1Task 2Task 3Task 4Task 1Task 2Task 3Task 4 时态时态TensesComprehensive Exercises土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammarTask 1Cross out the incorrect tenses of the verbs in the following sentences.1. I read/am reading a very interesting book.2. My wife prefers/is preferring coffee for breakfast.3. What have you done/were you doing when the accident occurred?4. Have you ever visited/Do you ever visit Italy?5. It rained/has been raining all week. I hope it stops by Saturday.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammar6. When I got there, some people arrived/had arrived before me.7. Look at the clouds. It is going to rain/will rain soon.8. When you arrive/will arrive in Shenzhen, I will show you around this city.9. By the time you get back, I have painted/will have painted the house.10. They promised they would have finished/will have finished the project by the end of this week.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammarTask 2 Fill in the blanks with the simple present or present continuous tense of the verbs.Mark: Hi Julie. Is Bob there?Julie: He can’t come to the phone. He’s planting some flowers in the garden.Mark: But it 1 is raining (rain)!Julie: Bob always 2 ________ (plant) flowers on rainy days. It’s perfect weather for planting.Mark: I suppose you’re right. I want to buy a used car. I’m sure Bob 3 ________ (know) somethingabout cars.Julie: Well, Mark. Bob 4 ___________ (come) into the house now. Hey, Bob. Mark’s on the phone. Hewants to buy a used car.plantsknowsis coming土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammarBob: Hey, Mark. How’s it going? Is it true that you 5 ___________________ (look for) a used car?Mark: Sure is. I 6 ________ (need) a car to get a job. Any suggestions?Bob: My brother Bill 7 ___________ (sell) his car. It’s a 2006 Honda Civic.Mark: Sounds interesting. I suppose he 8 ____________ (buy) a new car?Bob: Yeah.Mark: Do you know how much he 9 ___________ (ask for) his Civic?Bob: No, but I can ask him this evening. Julie and I 10 ________________(go out) to dinner with him.Mark: Thank you very much.Bob: You’re welcome. Talk to you later.are looking forneedis sellingis buyingis asking forare going out土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammarTask 3 Fill in the blanks with the simple past or present perfect tense of the verbs.A: I haven’t seen you for a long time. Where have you been?B: I 1 have just come (just, come) back from Canada.A: Oh really? What 2 ___________ (you, do) in Canada?B: I took a nature tour.A: Wow! 3 _____________ (you, see) many wild animals there?B: Of course. I 4 __________ (watch) bears, wolves and whales in the wild. That was so interesting. 5 _______________________ (you, ever, spend) a holiday in Canada?did you doDid you seewatchedHave you ever spent土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammarA: Yes, I 6 ____________ (travel) around Canada twice so far.B: When 7 ___________ (you, go) there?A: The first time I 8 ________ (go) there was in 1997 and the second time in 2004.B: 9 ______________ (you, enjoy) it?A: I absolutely 10 ______ (love) it, especially the west coast.have traveleddid you gowentDid you enjoyloved土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammarTask 4 Fill in the blanks with the present perfect or present perfect continuous tense of the verbs. Robin: I think the waiter has forgotten us. We 1 have been waiting (wait) here for over half an hour and nobody 2 _________ (take) our order yet.Michele: I think you’re right. He 3 ____________ (walk) by us at least twenty times. He probably thinks we 4 ______________________ (order, already). Robin: Look at that couple over there, they 5 ____________ (be, only) here for five or ten minutes and they already have their food.has takenhas walkedhave already orderedhave only been土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammarMichele: He must realize we 6 _________________ (order, not) yet! We 7 ________________ (sit) here for over half an hour staring at him. Robin: I don’t know if he 8 __________________ (notice, even) us. He 9 _________________ (run) from table to table taking orders and serving food.Michele: That’s true, and he 10 _________________ (look, not) in our direction once.have not orderedhave been sittinghas even noticedhas been runninghas not looked土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammar时态一般现在时（simple present）与现在进行时(presentcontinuous)一般现在时表示一般行为或不断重复发生的行为：I watch television every day.现在进行时表示现在正在发生的行为：I’m watching television now.表示感觉、情感、存在等动词，如：see, feel, hear, smell, taste; like, love, hate, prefer;exist, appear, seem 等，一般不用现在进行时，而用一般现在时。

某些转移性动词或瞬间动词，如：come, go, arrive,leave, start, return, meet, get 等，可以用现在进行时表示将来：The train is arriving soon.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammar一般过去时(simple past)与现在完成时(present perfect)一般过去时表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在无联系，常与表示过去的时间词连用： I had supper an hour ago.现在完成时的动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响或产生结果，常与today, just, recently, since, for, ever等词连用：I have just had supper.（刚吃完晚饭，不饿现在完成时与现在完成进行时(present perfect continuous)现在完成时表示已完成的动作现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续或断断续续重复到现在动作是否继续进行下去，由上下文而定： What have you been doing all this time? You’ve been saying that for five years.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammarwill 与 be going tobe going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示将来时间则较远一些：He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情：He is seriously ill and is going to die. He will be twenty next month.be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will 则没有这个意思：She is going to sell her car. He will come if he has time.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammarTask 1 Fill in the blanks with the simple past or pastcontinuous tense of the verbs.A: What 1 ________________ (you, do) yesterday at 8 pm?B: I 2 _____________ (sit) in the pub with Sam. Why?A: I 3 _____________ (drive) to the sports center at that time to play tennis with a few friends. As we had only three players, I 4 _______ (try) to ring you to ask if you would like to come as well. But I 5 _____________ (reach, not) you at home.were you doingwas sittingwas drivingtrieddid not reach土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammarB: Why 6 ______________ (you, not, ring) my mobile?A: I actually 7 _______ (want) to ring your mobile, but by accident I 8 _______ (dial) William’s number. He 9 _______________ (do, not) anything special at that moment and really 10 ________ (like) the idea of playing tennis with us.didn’t you ringwanteddialedwas not doingliked土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammarTask 2 Rewrite the underlined parts using “will” or the correct form of “be going to”.1. My radio is broken. You (fix) it for me? _________________________________________2. I have a two-week vacation in August. I (fly) to London. _________________________________________3. Marie is sick. She (not go) with us for the concert. _________________________________________4. My supervisor is a really nice guy. He promised me a big bonus this year. He promised me that he (give) me $2,500 if we increase sales by 10%. __________________________________________ __________________________________________5. You spilled the milk. I (clean) it up. __________________________________________Will you fix it for me?I am going to fly to London.She won’t go with us for the concert.He promised me that he will give me $2,500 if we increase sales by 10%.I’ll clean it up.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammar6. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper? B: I (write) a letter to my friends back home in Texas. _____________________________________7. A: I’m about to fall asleep. I need to wake up! B: I (get) you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up. ___________________________________________8. A: I can’t hear the television! B: I (turn) it up so you can hear it. __________________________________________I am going to write a letter to my friends back home in Texas.I will get you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up.I will turn it up so you can hear it.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammar9. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit) Paris, Nice and Grenoble. ___________________________________________10. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four people. B: That man at the service counter (help) you. ___________________________________________We are going to visit Paris, Nice and Grenoble.That man at the service counter will help you.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammarTask 3 Complete the text with the past perfect or past perfect continuous tense of the verbs. I’m sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to meet me early because the show started at 8:00. I 1 __________________ (try) to get tickets for that play for months, and I didn’t want to miss it. By the time I finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed to meet, I 2 ____________ (have) five cups of coffee and I 3 ___________________(wait) over an hour. I had to leave because I 4 _______________ (arrange) to meet Kathy in front of the theater.had been tryinghad hadhad been waitinghad arranged土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammar When I arrived at the theater, Kathy 5 _______________ (pick, already) up the tickets and she was waiting for us near the entrance. She was really angry because she 6___________(wait) for more than half an hour. She said she 7___________ (give, almost) up and 8 ______ (go) into the theater without us. Kathy told me you 9 ____________ (be) late several times in the past and that she would not make plans with you again in the future. She mentioned that she 10 ____________ (miss) several movies because of your late arrival. I think you owe her an apology. And in the future, I suggestyou be on time!had already pickedhad been waitinghad almost givengonehad beenhad missed土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingGrammarTask 4 Correct the mistakes concerning verb tenses in thefollowing application letter.Dear Sirs, I would like to apply for the job of sales manager that I 1 see______________ advertised in the local paper. I am 30 years old. I was born in Canada but my family 2 had moved ________ to New York when I was ten and I 3 am living _________________________________ here ever since. I 4 have left college for eight years ________________________________ and since then I5 am having _____________ several jobs in sales. For the past three years I 6 am working ______________________in Wal-Mart supermarket. The manager 7 has been saying _________that he is willing to give me a reference.have seen/sawmovedhave lived/have been livingleft college eight years agohave hadhave been workinghas said土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a Building I 8 am speaking _____ French and English fluently and I 9 have learnt _______________German since I 10 had left _____ school, so I speak some German too. I hope you will consider my application. Yours sincerely, James Britspeakhave been learningleftGrammar土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingCovered BridgesThe Greatest Building Though “The bridges of Madison County” made Iowa’s covered bridges famous, Vermont’s are very bit as picturesque.土建土建英语英语Unit 3 Designing a BuildingThe Greatest Building ScriptScript Thank You!土 建 英 语新职业英语新职业英语English for Civil Engineering。