语法专项突破系列非谓语动词望谟民中李雪玉.ppt

语法专项突破系列非谓语动词 考点考点1 非谓语动词作状语　非谓语动词作状语　 1. 不定式作状语不定式作状语功　能用　法原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后目的状语可与so as to/in order to替换, 但so as to一般不可置于句首结果状语常表示意想不到的结果, 常用only to doI was satisfied to hear the news. (原因状语原因状语)To meet the movie star I got up very early. (目的状语目的状语)I rushed to school only to find nobody was there. (结果状语结果状语)不定式表结果的固定结构不定式表结果的固定结构: only/just to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; so/such as to. . . ; . . . enough(for sb. )to. . . 2. 分词作状语分词作状语功　能用　法现在分词作状语, 用来表时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果等现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系, 且含有进行之意功　能用　法过去分词作状语, 用来表时间、条件、原因、伴随等过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系, 且含有完成之意功　能用　法源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语, 表示句子主语所处的一种状态不表示被动关系, 其前不用being, 常见的有: seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、devoted(专注的)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等Not knowing what to do, I had to wait here. Given more attention, the children could have grown better. Absorbed in reading, we all didn’t hear the sound. Having driven all day, we were rather tired. ①①把把握握分分词词与与句句子子逻逻辑辑主主语语之之间间的的关关系系, 区区别别现现在在分分词词与与过过去去分分词词; ②②不不定定式式作作结结果果状状语语为为主主观观上上意意想想不不到到的的结结果果, 现现在在分分词词作作结结果果状状语语为为客客观观上上、、顺顺其其自自然然而而产产生生的的结结果果; ③③准准确确理理解解形形容容词词化化的的过过去去分分词词作作状状语语的的用用法法; ④④现现在在分分词词的的完完成成式式having done或或者者完完成成被被动动式式having been done, 都都是是表表示示分分词词的的动动作作和和句句子子主主语语之之间间是是主主动动关关系系, 同同时时分分词词动动作作先先于于句句子子谓谓语语动动词词主主动动或或者被动发生。

者被动发生3. 有有些些分分词词或或不不定定式式短短语语作作状状语语, 其其形形式式的的选选择择不不受受上上下文的影响常见的有下文的影响常见的有: generally speaking 一般来说一般来说frankly speaking 坦白地说坦白地说judging from/by. . . 根据根据…………来判断来判断considering. . . /taking. . . into consideration 考虑到考虑到…………to tell you the truth 说实话说实话seeing. . . 鉴于鉴于/由于由于…………supposing 假设假设, 如果如果assuming 假使假使given 考虑到考虑到, 鉴于鉴于provided(that. . . ) 如果如果4. 独立主格结构独立主格结构独独立立主主格格结结构构的的特特点点: ①①独独立立主主格格结结构构的的逻逻辑辑主主语语与与句句子子的的主主语语不不同同, 它它独独立立存存在在; ②②独独立立主主格格结结构构中中作作逻逻辑辑主主语语的的名名词词或或代代词词与与后后面面的的分分词词、、形形容容词词、、副副词词、、不不定定式式、、介介词词短短语语等等是是逻逻辑辑上上的的主主动动或或被被动动关关系系; ③③独独立立主主格格结结构构一一般般有有逗逗号号与句子分开。

独立主格结构的构成与句子分开独立主格结构的构成: ①①名词名词/代词代词+现在分词现在分词/过去分词过去分词; ②②名词名词/代词代词+形容词形容词; ③③名词名词/代词代词+副词副词; ④④名词名词/代词代词+不定式不定式; ⑤⑤名词名词/代词代词+介词短语介词短语; ⑥⑥with/without+名词名词/代词代词+宾语补足语宾语补足语The test finished(=When the test was finished), we began our holiday. 考考试试结结束束了了, 我我们们开开始始放放假The president assassinated(=After the president was assassinated), the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被刺杀了总统被刺杀了, 全国上下沉浸在深深的悲痛之中全国上下沉浸在深深的悲痛之中Weather permitting(=If weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如如果果天天气气允允许许, 我们明天去看你。

我们明天去看你用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only　　　　　　(find)it didn’t fit. 根根据据句句中中的的Anxiously, she took the dress out of. . . (她她迫迫不不及及待待地地从从…………拿拿出出裙裙子子)和和it didn’t fit(它它不不合合身身)可可知知是是出出现现了了意意料料之之外外的的结结果果, 故故用用only to doonly to do/only to be done表表示示意意料之外的结果料之外的结果句句意意: 她她迫迫不不及及待待地地从从包包裹裹里里拿拿出出裙裙子子, 试试穿穿了了一一下下, 结结果果发发现现它不合身故填它不合身故填to find 【高考集训】【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空1. ____________(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 2. _______(free)ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. 3. Clearly and thoughtfully _______ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. Having spentTo freewritten4.—I hope to take the computer course. —Good idea. _______(find)out more about it, visit this website. 5. Group activities will be organized after class ______(help)children develop team spirit. 6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ______(find)his plane high up in the sky. To findto helpto find考点考点2 非谓语动词作定语　非谓语动词作定语　★★★★★★★★定语形式功　能现在分词一般式doing表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中现在分词一般式的被动结构being done表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中定语形式功　能过去分词一般式done表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成动词不定式to do表示将要发生的动作动词不定式一般式的被动结构to be done表示将要被做的动作The boy(sitting by the window)is Tom. The matter(being discussed now)is of great importance. The boy(named Tom)was hurt in the car accident. Everything(to be done)is well-prepared. ①①准准确确判判定定非非谓谓语语动动词词与与其其逻逻辑辑主主语语之之间间是是主主动动关关系系还还是是被被动动关关系系; ②②准准确确判判定定非非谓谓语语动动词词表表示示的的动动作作发发生生的的时时间间, 即即是是正正在在进进行行或或已已经经完完成成还是将要发生。

还是将要发生【典题印证】【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空(2014·山山东东高高考考)There’s a note pinned to the door　　　　　　(say)when the shop will open again. 解解题题关关键键: 首首先先分分析析句句子子结结构构可可知知There be句句型型中中有有谓谓语语动动词词is, 然然后后根根据据语语意意可可知知要要用用非非谓谓语语动动词词作作后后置置定定语语修修饰饰note从从逻逻辑辑关关系系上上看看, note与与say之之间间是是主主动动关关系系, 用用现现在在分分词词结结构构作作后后置置定定语语另另外外, 题题干干中的过去分词短语中的过去分词短语pinned to the door也作也作note的后置定语的后置定语答答案案判判定定: 句句意意: 门门上上钉钉着着一一个个便便条条, 上上面面写写着着这这家家商商店店何何时时将将再再开开张所以填张所以填saying 【高考集训】【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空1. There are still many problems ___________(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 2. Today there are more airplanes ________ (carry)more people than ever before in the skies. to be solvedcarrying3. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _________ (appoint)to guard her. 4. Last night, there were millions of people ________ (watch)the opening ceremony live on TV. 5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________ (return)to our shop for quality problems. appointedwatchingreturned6. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail _______ (wait)for her. 7. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ____ (use)in daily conversations. 8. The witnesses __________ (question)by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. waitingusedquestioned考点考点3 非谓语动词作补语　非谓语动词作补语　★★★★★★1. “五五看看二二听听一一感感觉觉”的的感感官官动动词词(see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel)等等后后面面的的宾宾语语补补足足语语常常见见的的有有三三种种非非谓谓语语动动词词形形式式(do/doing/done)。

do表表主主动动和和完完成成(被被动动句句中中to还还原原), doing表表主主动动或或正正在进行在进行, done表被动或完成表被动或完成The missing boy was last seen playing near the river. 2. 热热点点动动词词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后后接接非非谓谓语语动动词词形形式式作补足语作补足语Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard. 3. 固固定定短短语语, 如如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb. to do sth. 等The patient was warned not to eat oily food. 4. with复合结构常用形式复合结构常用形式: John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time. With the little boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village. ①①注注意意作作补补足足语语的的三三种种非非谓谓语语动动词词形形式式to do, doing, done之之间间的的区区别别, 把把握握动动作作是是主主动动、、被被动动还是进行。

还是进行②②具具体体分分析析作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的动动词词与与逻逻辑辑主主语语即即句句子子宾宾语语之之间间的的逻逻辑辑关关系系, 再再结结合合动动作作发发生生的的时时间间(未未发发生生、、正正在在发发生生或或已已经经发发生生)来来选选择择合合适适的的形式【典题印证】【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空(2014·江江西西高高考考)He is thought　　　　　　(act)foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 解解题题关关键键: be thought后后应应该该接接不不定定式式, act发发生生在在think之之前前, 故故应应该该用不定式的完成式作主语补足语用不定式的完成式作主语补足语答答案案判判定定: 句句意意: 他他被被认认为为举举止止愚愚蠢蠢现现在在失失去去这这份份工工作作只只能能怨怨他他自自己己, 不能怨别人所以填不能怨别人所以填to have acted 【高考集训】【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空1.The manager was satisfied to see many new products _________ (develop)after great effort. 2. Let those in need __________ (understand)that we will go all out to help them. developedunderstand3. When we saw the road _______ (block)with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 4. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________ (follow)them. blockedfollowing考点考点4 非谓语动词作宾语　非谓语动词作宾语　非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式: 1. 只只能能跟跟动动名名词词作作宾宾语语的的动动词词和和短短语语: suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, advise, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。

等I admit breaking the window. 2. 只只能能跟跟不不定定式式作作宾宾语语的的动动词词: wish, hope, decide, refuse, promise, pretend, manage, mean, plan, fail, choose, would like等If I fail to appear by 7 o’clock, I will not be coming at all. 3. 既既可可用用动动名名词词作作宾宾语语、、又又可可跟跟不不定定式式作作宾宾语语的的动动词词和和短短语语: remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, need, start, begin, try等Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed. I remember reading about the earthquake in the newspaper. 4. it作作形形式式宾宾语语, 代代替替真真正正作作宾宾语语的的动动词词不定式或动名词不定式或动名词I think it important to learn English well. 【典题印证】【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空(2014·陕陕西西高高考考)It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like　　　　　　(go)for a swim? 解解题题关关键键: feel like意意为为“想想要要”, 后后面面接接名名词词、、代代词词或或动动名名词词。

feel like doing sth. 表示表示“想要做某事想要做某事”答案判定答案判定: 句意句意: 今天很热你想去游泳吗今天很热你想去游泳吗? 故填故填going 【高考集训】【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空1. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _____ (be)late for school. 2.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _______________(recognize). 3. Keep _______ (hold)your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. beingbeing recognizedholding4.When it comes to ________ (speak)in public, no one can match him. 5. Young people may risk _____ (go)deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. 6. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _____________(reduce)to ruins, the city took on a new look. 7. I remembered ______(lock)the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. speakinggoingbeing reducedto lock考点考点5 非谓语动词作主语、表语或其他　非谓语动词作主语、表语或其他　★★★★1. 非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式。

非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式1)动动名名词词作作主主语语表表示示一一般般的的、、抽抽象象的的或或习习惯惯性性动动作作, 不不定定式式作作主主语语表表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作2)it作作形形式式主主语语, 代代替替真真正正作作主主语语的的动动词词不不定定式式或或动动名名词词常常见见句句型型有有: It is/was no use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was not any use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was of little use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was useless doing; It’s a waste of time of doing sth. 等2. 非非谓谓语语动动词词中中能能作作表表语语的的有有现现在在分分词词、、过过去去分分词词、、动动名名词词和和不不定定式式注注意意现现在在分分词词作作表表语语意意为为“令令人人感感到到…………的的”, 而而过过去去分分词词作作表表语语意意为为“本身感到本身感到…………的的”The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night. 3. 固固定定句句式式do/have/其其他他动动词词+sth. +but(to)do sth. 中中的的不不定定式式用用法法, 此此结构要遵循前有实义动词结构要遵循前有实义动词do, but后则无后则无to, 反之则有反之则有to的原则。

的原则He did nothing but save the child without hesitation. 【典题印证】【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空(2014·福福建建高高考考)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying　　　　　　(connect). 解解题题关关键键: 本本句句中中的的关关键键词词是是stay(保保持持), 它它是是一一个个系系动动词词, 后后接接形形容容词词作作表表语语stay connected是是“stay +形形容容词词化化的的过过去去分分词词”构构成成的的系系表表结结构构本本题题中中的的staying connected和和keeping in touch表表达达同同一一个个意意思故填connected【高考集训】【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空1. We got a little __________________ (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind. 2. _____________(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. 3. It took years of work ________(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water. sunburned/sunburntUnderstandingto reduce4. It’s standard practice for a company like this one _________(employ)a security officer. 5. ________ (hear)how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 6.The engine just won’t start. Something seems ____________(go)wrong with it. 7. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _______(meet)an even greater challenge. to employHearingto have goneto meet。