独立主格结构课件.ppt

独立主格结构独立主格结构常见类型及其用法常见类型及其用法 一、独立主格结构的构成形式一、独立主格结构的构成形式1 1、逻辑主语、逻辑主语+ +V-ingV-ing这这种种构构成成形形式式内内部部的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是分分词词的的动动作作执执行行者者，，分分词词表表示示的的动动作作不不是是整整句句主主语语发发出出的的动动作作，，而而是是其其逻逻辑辑主主语语发发出出的动作如：的动作如： 1).________no bus, we had to walk home.     A.There being       B.Being         C.Having been      D.There was 　　　　A2)_______no bus, we had to walk home.     A.As there being   B.As there was         C.Being     D.There was3)_______Sunday, the library doesn't open.       A.Being        B.There being           C.It being      D.Having been4)______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A.As it being   B.Being   C.It is   D.As it is 　　　　 B C D2 2、逻辑主语、逻辑主语+ +V-edV-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。

该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者1)_________, the train started.A.The signal given       B.Giving the signal  B.The signal being given   D.The signal giving2)__________, the train started.A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given  C.Giving the signal D.After the signal  was given   A D BA3)______, the text became easier for   us to learn. A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words4)____, the text became easier for us to learn.When new words were explainedExplaining new words New words explaining Being explained new words 3、、逻辑主语逻辑主语+形容词（副词）形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主主—系系—表表”结构。

如：结构如：1)___________, the patient can leave the hospital.   A. Better conditions   B. Conditions better   C. Conditions are better     D. Being better conditions2)_________, the patient can leave the hospital.    A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better     D.Being better conditions BC3._____, we’d like to go outing.A. Being Sunday  B. Sunday OK  C. Sunday is OK   D. If Sunday OK4.______, we’d like to go outing.A. If Sunday is OK   B. Sunday being OK   C. Sunday OK        D.A,B and C5._____, you can wait a while.A. The play being still on  B. The play still on  C Being still on the play D.A and BBDD在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或（或having been）不能省略。

不能省略 •　　(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词代词时如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜 •　　(2)在There being＋名词的结构中如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：1 1、原因状语、原因状语该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句如：1).________ 1).________ no bus, we had to walk home.no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.As there was A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B C.There was D.A and B2)._________Sunday, the library doesn't 2)._________Sunday, the library doesn't open.open.A.It being    B.As it is   C.Being     D.A and B AD3._____, I had to ask for two days3._____, I had to ask for two days’ leave. leave.A.Mother being ill B.Mother ill A.Mother being ill B.Mother ill C.As mother was ill D. A,B and CC.As mother was ill D. A,B and C4.________, we have to work late into 4.________, we have to work late into the night.the night.A.The exam near  B.The exam being near  C.As the exam is near D. A,B and C DD2 2、、时间状语时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语等引导的时间状语从句。

如：从句如：1.________, the train started. A. The signal given   B. After the signal was given C. Given the signal   D.A and B2.________, the text became easier for us to learn. A.New words explainedB. When new words were explainedC. When teacher explained new wordsD. all the above DDDD3、条件状语、条件状语 独独立立主主格格结结构构作作条条件件状状语语时时可可以以改改为为由由if引引导导的的条件状语从句如：条件状语从句如：1).________, we'll go to visit the Great Wall.A. Weather permitting      B. If weather permits C. If permitting                 D. A and B2.)_____, the patient will recover himself soon.A. If the treatment is in time B. The treatment in time C. The treatment being in time D. A, B and C 4、伴随状语、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。

如：并列谓语如：1).We have lessons every day, ________. A. Sunday included    B. Sunday including C. Sunday is including  D. all the above2).The boy fell asleep,_________.A. cap on head    B. with a cap on head C. a cap on was on head   D. all the above AA 3.Father came home,_________3.Father came home,_________ A. a dog following him     B. followed by a dog     C. being followed by a dog    D. all the aboveD分词、独立主格和分词、独立主格和“with + with + 复合宾语复合宾语”作状语的区别作状语的区别分分词词结结构构、、独独立立主主格格结结构构、、with with + + 复复合合宾宾语语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的： 一、一、分词分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。

这种情况下的分词短词或现在分词被动式）这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语  分词短语在句中常作以下状语： 1、原因状语 1.______late, we had to walk home. A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A and B 2.______ busy, they had no time to play. A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the aboveDD2、时间状语1._______ the students' homework, the teacher    found a lot of mistakes.A.When he was correcting  B. When he corrected  C. Correcting        D. all the above 2.________by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest.A.When you are praised     B.Praised C.When praised       D.all the aboveDD3、条件状语1.______ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper.   A. If he is given   B. If given  C. Given   D. all the above 2._______ another chance, I'll do my job better. A. If I have    B. If having  C. Having      D. all the above DD4、伴随状语1.Father came back, _______ a bag of money on his left shoulder.A.carrying B. he was carrying C.and carrying D. all the above2.Father came back, _______ by a monkey.A.and he was followed B. followed C.and was followed D. all the above DA 二、二、独立主格结构独立主格结构 和和 with + with + 复合宾语复合宾语 结构结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。

如：语与分词的逻辑主语不一致如：1.______, we’ll go fishing in the country. A. Permitting weather B. Weather permitted C. Weather permitting D. PermittingC2._________, he finished playing the game of chess. A. His eyes closing B. With his eyes closed C. Closed eyes D. Closed his eyes3.________, I couldn’t get the book I wanted. A. Closed B. Library closed C. Closing library D. With library closing BB 三三、、使使用用分分词词短短语语、、独独立立主主格格结结构构、、with with + + 复复合合宾宾语语结结构构分分别别在在句句子子中中作作状状语语时时要要注注意意：：它它们们与与主主句句之之间间不不应应有有从从属属连连词词（（如如when, when, if, if, as as soon soon as, as, as, as, whilewhile等等））或或并并列列连连词词（（如如and, but, or, soand, but, or, so等）。

例如：等）例如：1._____ the teacher told the class to go through the text A. Checking the answers B. Checking the answers and C. When checking the answers and D. all the aboveA2._______a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside.A. It being B. Being C. It was D. all the above3.As______a little sick, he remained at the clinic.A. feeling B. he felt C. he felling D. all the above CB 四、在使用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构、分词结构作句子的状语时，一定要看句子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系1、当句句子子主主语语与与该该状状语语内内部部动动词词之之间间有有逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓或或动动宾宾关关系系时时，，该该状状语语可可用用分分词词结结构构或或从句表示。

从句表示 1) 1) in in thought, thought, he he almost almost ran ran into the car in front of him. into the car in front of him. A. Lost B. As he was lost A. Lost B. As he was lost C. He lost D. A and B C. He lost D. A and B D2). for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief. A. Waiting B. When he was waiting C.As he was waiting D. all the above2 2、、若若句句子子主主语语与与状状语语内内动动词词之之间间不不存存在在逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓或或动动宾宾关关系系且且状状语语内内有有自自已已的的逻逻辑辑主主语语。

则则该该状状语语不不能能用用分分词词结结构构，，只只能能用用独独立立主主格格结结构构、、with +with +复合宾语结构或从句如：复合宾语结构或从句如：D1.1.The soldier fell asleep ________.The soldier fell asleep ________.A. with the candle burning A. with the candle burning B. burning the candle B. burning the candle C. when he was burning the candle C. when he was burning the candle D. when burning the candleD. when burning the candle2.________, the Tiananmen Square looks 2.________, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful. more beautiful. A. Being on B. When being on A. Being on B. When being on C. With all the lights on C. With all the lights on D. When it turns on all the lightsD. When it turns on all the lightsAC3.____ the notice, he had an idea. A.When he was watching B. Watching C. When watching D. all the above4.____ the notice, an idea came to his mind. A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D. all the above DA。