四级翻译考前辅导之二.docx

四级翻译考前之二1. 定语从句 翻译定语从句是英译汉中最常见的题型英语中，定语从句都放在被修辞词后面关键就是把英语原句中的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组，放置于被修饰词之前即把英语的后置定语译在被修饰的名词或代词前 　例（1） We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious ill were quite aware of its potential outcome. 【分析】此句中有个who引导的定语从句修饰前面的“those patients”,我们要用合成翻译法把who引导的定语从句变成一个前置性定语来修饰“patients” 【译文】给我们留下极深印象的是：即使那些没有被告知严峻病情的病人， 对其疾病的潜在后果也是特别清晰的 　例（2）Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. 【分析】此句中that引导的定语从句修饰先行词“features”,考生只要用合成翻译法把该定语从句变成一个前置性定语。

【译文】即使是老道的作家也很可能不能完全描述出打算人的面孔各不一样的全部特征 但是，假如定语从句较长，将它翻译成前置的定语，就会不符合汉语表达的习惯在此种状况下，往往把该定语从句用转换法把翻译成并列的分句或作插入语，放在原来它所修饰词后面 例（1） They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 【分析】此句中Which引导的定语从句较长，我们可以用转换法把它译成并列分词 【译文】他们正在为实现这一抱负而努力，这个抱负是每个中国人内心所珍爱的，在过去，很多中国人曾为它而牺牲了自己的生命 　例（2）Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. 【分析】此句that引导的定语从句也较长。

假如不能精炼地表达出that后面内容而又把它放在“features”前，就不符合汉语表达方式此时，可用转换法把该从句变成一并列分句 【译文】即使是最老道的作家也很可能描述出全部特征，这些特征能够表达出各人面孔的不同 2. 宾词从句 四级英译汉试题中的宾语从句较简单，没有简单构造故此类试题可以顺着字面的内容从前向后翻译，也就是通常所指的直译 　例（1）Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 ream without being damaged. 【分析】此句中than引导的宾语从句主、谓、宾俱全，more…than是一比拟构造，可译成“超过”，without引导的介词短语作状语。