语言矫治基础知能研习.ppt
69页
语言矫治基础知能研语言矫治基础知能研习习 溝通,語言,以及口語的關係Communication溝通Language語言Speech 口語 Communication 溝通ØØOwens,1990 Communication is the process by which individual exchange information and convey ideas. “溝通”是個體之間交換訊息以及 傳達思想的過程 Language 語言ØØLanguage is a systematic and conventional code used to express ideas and communicate. “語言”是一種約定成俗的系統性符 號,用來表達思想及溝通 語言的三要素Semantic (Content) 語意語意Use(Pragmatic)語用語用Form(PhonologyMorphologySyntax)語形語形Bloom and Lahey’s model of language.(1978)文法—音韻 構詞 句法意思正常 三者交會 Semantic 語意n n即 ”語言所表達的內容” (the (the contentcontent of language) of language)n n反應個體由經驗所得的知識以及認知發展, 不同人對相同的語詞可能有不同的理解.n n字面意義 vs. 引申的意義熱死我了熱死我了↔↔我好熱好熱我好熱好熱 時代的巨輪不停的轉動時代的巨輪不停的轉動↔↔歲歲月變遷月變遷 他好不快活他好不快活→→他很快活他很快活 Form 語形n n語形就是把聲音以及符號以 能產生意義的各種連結方式n n包含了音韻規則(Phonology), 語詞規則(Morphology),以及句型規則(Syntax) Phonology 音韻學n n管理聲音以及聲音結合方式的一套系統n n語音的最小單位: 音素 (Phoneme)n n以特定的方式將音素結合以組成字n n如: bat and pat /b/ /P/ 拔 爬 Morphology 構詞學n n掌管構詞規則n n語詞的最小單位: 詞素 (Morpheme) 就是掌管字詞意義的最小單位n n如 : ball, balls, unhappy, happiest, played Syntax 句法n n掌管句型結構掌管句型結構n n以特定的辭彙排列順序組織出不同句型以特定的辭彙排列順序組織出不同句型n n以不同的順序重組相同的辭彙可能會變成以不同的順序重組相同的辭彙可能會變成 全然不同的意義全然不同的意義 妹妹打我妹妹打我 ↔ ↔ 我打妹妹我打妹妹 ↔ ↔ 打我妹妹打我妹妹n n一個熟悉如何使用語言的人可以用不同的句法一個熟悉如何使用語言的人可以用不同的句法 來組織相同的辭彙來組織相同的辭彙, ,用來表達出不同的意義用來表達出不同的意義 我打妹妹我打妹妹 ↔ ↔ 妹妹被我打妹妹被我打 →→ 我有打妹妹嗎我有打妹妹嗎? ? Pragmatic 語用n n即 ”在各種不同情境中(使用語言) 達成溝通目的”, 亦即”語言的功用”n n如: 打招呼, 提出/回答 問題, 尋求/提供訊息, 要求澄清…等n n說者須顧及聽者的程度以及非語言得情境以達成自己的溝通目的n n包含了對話的規則 Rules of Conversation 對話的規則n nInitiate 開啟一個話題n nMaintain 維持一個話題n nTake Turn 輪流 (發言)n nRespond Appropriately 合宜的回應n nTell A Cohesive Narrative 有凝聚性的一段敘述 CorrespondenceandIntegrationoftheComponentsofLanguage語言三要素之整合 語言的三要素Semantic (Content) 語意語意Use(Pragmatic)語用語用Form(PhonologyMorphologySyntax)語形語形Bloom and Lahey’s model of language.(1978) Speech 口語ØØ是眾多溝通模式中的一種ØØ需要口部神經肌肉精準且協調的動作來製造聲音以及語言單位ØØ除了口語之外,我們還有其他許多方法可用來溝通,如:書寫,畫圖,手勢…等等.“表達者”會依情境,要表達的內容,”表達者”本身需求,以及”接收者”之需求來選擇溝通方式 想法神經傳導講 者無形—語言聽者腦袋聽覺回饋聲波 溝通,語言,以及口語的關係CommunicationLanguageSpeech Pragmatic 語用ØØ即 ”在各種不同情境中(使用語言) 達成溝通目的”, 亦即”語言的功用”ØØ如: 打招呼, 提出/回答 問題, 尋求/提供訊息, 要求澄清…等ØØ說者須顧及聽者的程度以及上下文以及溝通的情境以達成自己的溝通目的ØØ包含了對話的規則 Basic Anatomy of SpeechuuSpeech is perhaps the most “ gymnastic“ activity we ever do.uuSpeech involves the complex interaction of over 100 muscles. The Production of SpeechuuRespiration 呼吸uuPhonation 發聲uuArticulation 構音 Respiratory System 呼吸系統 Respiratory SystemuuIncludes the rib cage, lungs, abdomen and Includes the rib cage, lungs, abdomen and all their associated muscles.all their associated muscles.uuThe ‘pump’ that controls movement of air.The ‘pump’ that controls movement of air.uuIn English all sounds are produced with air In English all sounds are produced with air moving out of the lungs and thus they are moving out of the lungs and thus they are called egressive sounds.called egressive sounds.uuIn some languages, some sounds are also In some languages, some sounds are also produced while air is coming into the produced while air is coming into the lungs; called ingressive.lungs; called ingressive. 資料來源資料來源 http://www.phon.ox.ac.uk/~jcoleman/phonation.htm http://www.phon.ox.ac.uk/~jcoleman/phonation.htmPhonation System 發聲系統 (一) Phonation System 發聲系統 (二)資料來源資料來源 http://www.fb10.uni-bremen.de/linguistik/khwagner/phonetik/kapitel4.htm http://www.fb10.uni-bremen.de/linguistik/khwagner/phonetik/kapitel4.htm Phonation System 發聲系統 (三)資料來源資料來源 http://www.fb10.uni-bremen.de/linguistik/khwagner/phonetik/kapitel4.htm http://www.fb10.uni-bremen.de/linguistik/khwagner/phonetik/kapitel4.htm會厭 Phonation System 發聲系統 (四)資料來源資料來源 http://www.fb10.unibremen.de/linguistik/khwagner/phonetik/kapitel4.htm http://www.fb10.unibremen.de/linguistik/khwagner/phonetik/kapitel4.htm Phonation System 發聲系統 (五)http://www.phon.ox.ac.uk/~jcoleman/phonation.htm The Articulators構音器官uuArticulation=Articulation= The process of shaping of the air stream The process of shaping of the air stream to create the specific sounds of speech. (the structures to create the specific sounds of speech. (the structures involved = the articulators)involved = the articulators) 構音器官將氣流塑造成不同的狀態以產生不同聲音構音器官將氣流塑造成不同的狀態以產生不同聲音uuSometimes sounds are produced while the articulators Sometimes sounds are produced while the articulators assume a fixed position, and sometimes the articulators assume a fixed position, and sometimes the articulators are moving as the sound is being produced.are moving as the sound is being produced. 有些聲音是需要構音器官停留在固定擺位時發出有些聲音是需要構音器官停留在固定擺位時發出; ; 而有些聲音則需要一邊送出氣流而有些聲音則需要一邊送出氣流, , 一邊一邊 改變構音器官的位置或狀態改變構音器官的位置或狀態 ( (即改變發聲管道的型態即改變發聲管道的型態) )才能成功發聲才能成功發聲 The Organs of Speech 1-nasal cavity2-lips3-teeth4-aveolar ridge5-hard palate6-velum (soft palate)7-uvula8-apex (tip) of tongue9-blade (front) of tongue10-dorsum (back) of tongue11-oral cavity12-pharynx13-epiglottis14-larynx15-vocal cords16-trachea17-esophagus資料來源資料來源 uuVocal TractVocal Tract = everything from the glottis up to the lips. = everything from the glottis up to the lips. ( (從聲門以上道氣流出口的此一管道稱為從聲門以上道氣流出口的此一管道稱為” ”發聲管道發聲管道”) ”)uuAlveolar ridgeAlveolar ridge ( (齒齦齒齦, ,齒槽齒槽, ,牙齦牙齦) ) = bony ridge just behind the upper front teeth.= bony ridge just behind the upper front teeth.uuHard palateHard palate 硬顎硬顎 = bony part of the roof of the mouth; connects to the soft palate= bony part of the roof of the mouth; connects to the soft palate. . ( (口腔內上方口腔內上方” ”天花板天花板” ”硬質的部分硬質的部分) )uuSoft palateSoft palate 軟顎軟顎 = soft part of the roof of the mouth= soft part of the roof of the mouth. .( (口腔內上方軟質的部分口腔內上方軟質的部分) )uuUvulaUvula ( (懸雍垂懸雍垂) ) = short fleshy extension of the soft palate.= short fleshy extension of the soft palate. (what you see hanging down at the back of the (what you see hanging down at the back of the throat when you look in the mouth.) throat when you look in the mouth.) The Velum (soft palate) 軟顎uuNormally the velum is down allowing air to flow out through the noseNormally the velum is down allowing air to flow out through the nose. .放鬆狀態時會垂下以利氣流通過鼻腔放鬆狀態時會垂下以利氣流通過鼻腔 – It is closed during most of speech– It is closed during most of speech. . 在說話時會有不同程度的關閉在說話時會有不同程度的關閉 – when it is raised it helps close off the velopharyngeal port– when it is raised it helps close off the velopharyngeal port 當軟顎上抬時會幫助腭咽的關閉當軟顎上抬時會幫助腭咽的關閉 uuVelopharyngeal port(back of the nose) Velopharyngeal port(back of the nose) - directing air out the mouth. - directing air out the mouth. 腭咽腭咽( (軟顎軟顎+ +後咽壁後咽壁) )緊閉時可引導氣流流向口腔緊閉時可引導氣流流向口腔uuClosure of the velopharyngeal port also involves movement of the Closure of the velopharyngeal port also involves movement of the walls of the pharynx.walls of the pharynx. 腭咽的閉鎖和後咽壁有關腭咽的閉鎖和後咽壁有關 The Soft Palate (Velum) 軟顎 The Jaw (mandible) 下頷uuConnected to the base of the skull by the Connected to the base of the skull by the t temporoemporommandibular andibular j joint.oint. 藉由顳顎關節與顱骨基部相接uuCan move up and down, side to side as well as back and Can move up and down, side to side as well as back and forth (to a limited degree)forth (to a limited degree) 在一定的範圍內,可上下左右前後移動uuAssists with raising and lowering of the tongue and Assists with raising and lowering of the tongue and opening and closing the lips.opening and closing the lips. 與舌位高低以及嘴唇的開合有關 資料來源資料來源 http://www.rad.washington.edu/anatomy/modules/TMJ/TMJAnatomy.html http://www.rad.washington.edu/anatomy/modules/TMJ/TMJAnatomy.html顳顎關節 Temporomandibular Joint The Tongue舌頭 (一)uuMuscular organ that has no internal skeleton.Muscular organ that has no internal skeleton. 是一個內部沒有骨骼的肌肉組織是一個內部沒有骨骼的肌肉組織uuCan be divided into several ‘functional’ parts.Can be divided into several ‘functional’ parts. – Body, tip (apex), blade, dorsum (back), root. – Body, tip (apex), blade, dorsum (back), root. 可依功能再細分為數個部位可依功能再細分為數個部位: : 舌的主體舌的主體, ,舌尖舌尖, ,舌面舌面, ,舌背舌背, ,舌的根部舌的根部 Divisions of Tongue 舌頭部位生理舌根舌根音 The Tongue 舌頭(二)uuTongue BodyTongue Body舌的主體舌的主體– Position of the tongue body in the mouth is used to describe where – Position of the tongue body in the mouth is used to describe where the tongue is producing vowels.the tongue is producing vowels. 在描述母音發音位置在描述母音發音位置” ”高低前後高低前後” ”所指的就是舌頭本所指的就是舌頭本體的位置體的位置uuTongue Tip (apex)Tongue Tip (apex)舌尖舌尖– – Involved in the production of over 50% of all speech sounds. Involved in the production of over 50% of all speech sounds. 有有>50%>50%語音都需用到舌尖發音語音都需用到舌尖發音– The tongue tip is the most mobile of the articulators.– The tongue tip is the most mobile of the articulators. 是所有構音是所有構音器官中最容易移動的器官中最容易移動的 The Tongue 舌頭(三)uuTongue Blade Tongue Blade 舌面舌面– Area just behind the tip.– Area just behind the tip.緊接在舌尖後方的區域緊接在舌尖後方的區域– Directly involved in only a few speech sounds but helps shape the tongue for many – Directly involved in only a few speech sounds but helps shape the tongue for many others.others. 有一些語音是以這個部位構音有一些語音是以這個部位構音uuTongue Dorsum (Back)Tongue Dorsum (Back)舌背舌背– Used to contact the back part of the hard palate and the soft palate.– Used to contact the back part of the hard palate and the soft palate.用來和硬顎後用來和硬顎後方以及軟顎相接觸的部位方以及軟顎相接觸的部位uu Tongue Root Tongue Root舌的根部舌的根部– most posterior portion of the tongue.– most posterior portion of the tongue.舌頭的最後部份舌頭的最後部份– forms the front of the pharynx.– forms the front of the pharynx.構成咽部的前面部位構成咽部的前面部位– not directly involved in any English sounds but helps shape the vocal tract for many – not directly involved in any English sounds but helps shape the vocal tract for many sounds sounds 在英語及國語中都沒有直接以這個部位發出的聲音在英語及國語中都沒有直接以這個部位發出的聲音 The Lips 唇uuUsed to directly create several consonants.Used to directly create several consonants. – Sounds here called “labial” sounds. – Sounds here called “labial” sounds. 用來發出雙唇音用來發出雙唇音uuMay be protruded (extended) to add “lip rounding” to many vowels.May be protruded (extended) to add “lip rounding” to many vowels. – makes the vocal tract longer. – makes the vocal tract longer. 可再往外延伸可再往外延伸( (噘起噘起), ),而產生而產生” ”圓唇母音圓唇母音” ”uu Lower lip usually moves more than upper.Lower lip usually moves more than upper. 下唇的動作通常比上唇大下唇的動作通常比上唇大uuOpening and closing of the lips is oftenOpening and closing of the lips is often assisted by movement of the jaw. assisted by movement of the jaw. 唇的開合需要下頷輔助唇的開合需要下頷輔助 Language Disorder語言障礙 •Delayed 遲緩•Impaired, Deviant/ Disordered 異常/障礙Terminology Classification of Language Disorders語言障礙的分類 Categorical Orientation(Clinical Syndromes)•Mental Retardation 智障•Hearing Impriament 聽障•Autism 自閉•Specific Language Impairment 特定語言障礙•Other Syndromes 其他症候群 By symptom 依症狀分類 •Articulation/Phonological Disorder•Language Disorder•Hearing Disorder•Voice Disorder•Fluency Disorder•Voluntary Movement Disorder 注音符號聲 ㄅ ㄉ ㄍ ㄐ ㄓ ㄗ母 ㄆ ㄊ ㄎ ㄑ ㄔ ㄘ ㄇ ㄋ ㄏ ㄒ ㄕ ㄙ ㄈ ㄌ ㄖ韻 ㄧ ㄚ ㄞ ㄢ ㄦ母 ㄨ ㄛ ㄟ ㄣ ㄩ ㄜ ㄠ ㄤ ㄝ ㄡ ㄥ An Introduction to Speech Sound Disorder語音障礙之簡介(Articulation/Phonological Disorder) 國音聲母的音韻歷程分析Placement 依發音位置分析Manner 依發音方法分析Voicing / voiceless (有/無聲or濁/清音)Aspiration / Unaspiration (送氣/不送氣) Placement 發音位置1. Bilabial 雙唇音— ㄅㄆㄇ 2. Labiodental 唇齒音— ㄈ3. Lingua-Alveolar 舌尖音— ㄗㄘㄙ ㄉㄊㄋㄌ ㄓㄔㄕㄖ 4. Lingua-Palatal 舌面音— ㄐㄑㄒ5. Lingua-Velar舌根音— ㄍㄎㄏ Manner 發音方法1. Stop 塞音— ㄅㄆ ㄉㄊ ㄍㄎ2. Fricative 擦音— ㄈ ㄙ ㄕ ㄖ ㄒ ㄏ 3. Affricate 塞擦音— ㄐㄑ ㄓㄔ ㄗㄘ4. Nasal 鼻音— ㄇㄋ5. Lateral 邊音— ㄌ Voicing / voiceless (有/無聲or濁/清音) Four voicing consonants in Chinese are -- ㄇㄋㄌㄖ國語語音中只有四個有聲子音國語語音中只有四個有聲子音 : : ㄇㄋㄌㄖㄇㄋㄌㄖ Unaspiration / Aspiration (不送氣 / 送氣)ㄅ↔ㄆ ㄐ↔ㄑ雙唇塞音雙唇塞音 舌尖塞擦音舌尖塞擦音ㄉ↔ㄊ ㄓ↔ㄔ舌尖塞音舌尖塞音 舌尖塞擦音舌尖塞擦音ㄍ↔ㄎ ㄗ↔ㄘ舌根塞音舌根塞音 舌尖塞擦音舌尖塞擦音 發音方法發音方法 發音部位發音部位 ( (氣流氣流) )( (上上) () (下下) ) ( (簡稱簡稱) )塞音塞音塞擦音塞擦音擦音擦音鼻音鼻音邊音邊音不送氣不送氣送氣送氣不送氣不送氣送氣送氣上唇上唇下唇下唇雙唇音雙唇音ㄅㄅㄆㄆㄇㄇ上齒上齒下齒下齒唇齒音唇齒音ㄈㄈ上齒背上齒背舌尖舌尖舌尖前音舌尖前音ㄗㄗㄘㄘㄙㄙ上牙齦上牙齦舌尖音舌尖音ㄉㄉㄊㄊㄋㄋㄌㄌ硬顎硬顎舌尖後舌尖後舌尖後音舌尖後音ㄓㄓㄔㄔㄕㄕㄖㄖ舌面舌面舌面音舌面音ㄐㄐㄑㄑㄒㄒ軟顎軟顎舌根舌根舌根音舌根音ㄍㄍㄎㄎㄏㄏ國音聲母發音位置及方法表 國語語音韻母(母音/韻母/元音)分析1.Placement of tongue 2. 發音時舌頭位置的前後— 前央後2. Height of tongue 發音時舌頭位置的高低— 高中低3. Lip shape 發音時嘴唇的形狀— 展唇,圓唇*舌位高低與唇形會受到下頷開合之影響*很容易影響語言清晰度，錯在下面的音很難猜出來 國音韻母發音位置及方法表 國音韻母結構分類• 單韻母 : ㄧㄨㄩㄚㄛㄜㄝ• 複韻母 : ㄞ=ㄚㄧ, ㄟ=ㄝㄧ, ㄠ=ㄚㄨ, ㄡ=ㄛㄨ• 聲隨韻母 : ㄢ=ㄚ[n], ㄣ=ㄜ[n], ㄤ=ㄚ[ŋ], ㄥ=ㄜ[ŋ]• 結合韻母 : 介音ㄧㄨㄩ+ 其他韻母• 空韻 ㄓ 以國語為母語的小孩之音韻歷程發展王南梅王南梅(1984) —(1984) — <3 <3 歲歲 : : ㄅㄆㄇㄈㄅㄆㄇㄈ, ,ㄉㄊㄋㄌㄉㄊㄋㄌ, ,ㄍㄍ, ,ㄏㄏ 3~6 3~6 歲歲 : : ㄎㄎ, ,ㄐㄑㄒㄐㄑㄒ, ,ㄗㄘㄙㄗㄘㄙ >6 >6 歲歲 : : ㄓㄔㄕㄖㄓㄔㄕㄖ張正芬張正芬, ,鍾玉梅鍾玉梅(1986) —(1986) — <3 <3 歲歲 : : ㄅㄆㄇㄅㄆㄇ, ,ㄉㄊㄋㄌㄉㄊㄋㄌ, ,ㄍㄍ, ,ㄐㄐ 3~3.5 3~3.5 歲歲 : : ㄎㄎㄏㄏ, ,ㄑㄒㄑㄒ, ,ㄓㄓ, ,ㄗㄘㄙㄗㄘㄙ 3.5~4.5 3.5~4.5 歲歲 : : ㄈㄈ, ,ㄔㄕㄔㄕ >6 >6 歲歲 : : ㄖㄖ 以國語為母語的小孩之音韻歷程發展許洪坤許洪坤 (1987) — (1987) — 塞音塞音→→塞擦音塞擦音→→擦音擦音→→捲舌音捲舌音 單韻母單韻母→→複韻母複韻母→→聲隨韻母聲隨韻母 Intelligibility Intelligibility 語音清晰度語音清晰度—— 2 歲歲≒50% 3 歲歲≒75% 4 歲歲≒90% Articulation disorder 構音障礙1. Substitution 替代 ex :ex :山山-- --甘甘2. Omission 省略 ex :ex :全部加鼻音全部加鼻音 全部聲母全部聲母3. Distortion 歪曲 ex :ex :ㄉㄊ放錯位置ㄉㄊ放錯位置4. Addition 添加 ex : ex : 錯加介音錯加介音 變換時協調不好變換時協調不好 Phonological disorder 音韻歷程障礙l lSubstitution processesSubstitution processes 替代的歷程l lAssimilation processesAssimilation processes 同化的歷程l lSyllable structure changesSyllable structure changes 單音/單詞結構的改變l l OthersOthers 其他 Substitution Processes 替代的歷程l lPlacement rules Placement rules 發音位置的替代發音位置的替代 Fronting Fronting 舌前音化舌前音化 Backing Backing 舌後音化舌後音化l lManner rules Manner rules 發音方法的替代發音方法的替代 Stopping Stopping 塞音化塞音化 Affrication Affrication 塞擦音化塞擦音化 Deaffrication Deaffrication 擦音化擦音化 Aspiration Aspiration 送氣化送氣化 Unaspiration Unaspiration 不送氣化不送氣化 Nasalization Nasalization 鼻音化鼻音化 Denasalization Denasalization 去鼻音化去鼻音化 Assimilation Processes 同化的歷程(progressive(progressive順向順向/regressive/regressive逆向逆向) )l lLabial assimilationLabial assimilation 受唇音同化 l lAlveolar assimilationAlveolar assimilation 受舌尖音同化l lVelar assimilationVelar assimilation 受舌根音同化l lAspiration assimilationAspiration assimilation 受送氣音同化l lUnaspiration assimilationUnaspiration assimilation 受不送氣音同化 l lNasal assimilationNasal assimilation 受鼻音同化 Syllable Structure Changes 單音 /單詞結構的改變l lDeletion of initial consonantDeletion of initial consonant 結構中首位聲母之省略l lReduction of diphthongReduction of diphthong 複韻母簡化 (我ㄛˇ )l lUnstressed syllable deletionUnstressed syllable deletion 非重音音節之簡化 (衛生紙衛紙) 其他音韻歷程障礙l l Metathesisl l Multiple pattern occurrence 國音聲母音韻歷程障礙簡圖 ASSESSMENT 評估o Determining the need for intervention 決定治療介入之必要性oSpeech sample 採取語音樣本 – intelligibility 語音清晰度oStimulability testing 嘗試可因接受刺激(治療)而改變的程度oContextual testing 結合不同語音情境測試oDialectical considerations 方言影響的考量oVocational/social considerations 職業/社交功能的考量oAdditional assessment components 其他因素的評估 Remediation Approaches 介入方式oTraditional articulation therapy傳統構音治療 — Motor based, teaching a new “sound.” Focus on the phonetic accuracy of sounds. 以”改變構音的動作”為主要目標,教個案發出一個新的音, 治療時會很重視單音的正確與否oB. Phonological therapy 音韻歷程的治療 — Cognitive-linguistic based, teaching new “behavior.” Focus on the process and rely on generalization to untrained sounds with the same feature. 以”改變對一群語音的認知”為主要目標, 主要在教一個新的”發音行為.” 治療時所注重的是一個發音歷程而非單音,並會同時類化至所有含該目標歷程特徵的語音中. CASE PRESENTATION NO. 1 Name: 張X達 ( 4 -year-old boy)Spontaneous speech sample (節錄): 這 是ㄓˋ 小ㄐㄧㄠˇ 白兔弟弟踢皮 球ㄐㄧㄡˊ 今天 星ㄐㄧㄥ 期 ㄐㄧˊ 三 ㄗㄢ爸爸帶我 去ㄐㄩˋ 上 ㄗㄤˋ 學ㄐㄩㄝˊ CASE PRESENTATIONNo.2 Name:朱X榮( 6-year-old boy)Spontaneous speech sample (節錄): 我叫 朱 ㄍㄨ X 榮 gㄨㄥˊ 大 ㄍㄚˋ 象ㄍㄧㄤˋ 鼻子長 ㄍㄤ ˊ長 ㄍㄤˊ的 ㄍㄜ 老 ㄍㄠˇ 師 ㄍ 我 要 小ㄍㄧㄠˇ 白 兔ㄎㄨˋ 皮卡丘ㄎㄧㄡ 拿 gㄚˊ氣 ㄎㄧˋ 球ㄎㄧㄡˊ 比賽 ㄎㄞˋ 猜 ㄎㄞ 拳ㄎㄩㄢˊ 。
