
2020版高考英语总复习 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars课件 新人教版必修3.ppt
70页基础自主梳理│考点分层突破│单元能力提升Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars基础自主梳理│考点分层突破│当堂跟踪检测【单词回顾】分类识记 拓展运用一、基础识记词汇Ⅰ.填一填(基础会书写)1. n.学说;理论2. pron.&n.&adj.<英>万亿;<美>十亿3. n.大气层;气氛4. adv.因此;于是5. v.阻止;制止6. n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力7. n.制度;体系基础自主梳理thusbilliontheorypreventatmospherepullsystemⅡ.填一填(阅读识其义)1.fundamentaladj. 2.chainn. 3.multiplyvi.&vt. 4.oxygenn. 5.carbonn. 基础自主梳理氧链子;连锁;锁链基本的;基础的碳乘;增加Ⅲ.用一用(语境推意) 1.[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide. 2.[2017·北京卷]However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced(中子诱导)nuclearchainreaction. 基础自主梳理二氧化碳连锁,一系列二、核心拓展词汇Ⅰ.填一填(掌握书写)1. vi.存在;生存→ n.存在;生存;生活(方式)2. adj.有害的→ n.害处vt.对……有害3. vt.&vi.使……迷惑n.难题;谜→ adj.迷惑不解的4. n.球体;地球仪→ adj.全世界的;全球性的 基础自主梳理harmfulexistenceexistharmpuzzlepuzzledglobeglobal5. adj.猛烈的→ n.暴力→ adv.猛烈地6. prep.不像;和……不同→ (反义词)prep.→ v.&n.不喜欢7. n.物理学家→ adj.物理学的→ n.物理,物理学8. n.质量;团;块;大量→ (pl.)群众基础自主梳理likeviolenceviolentviolentlydislikeunlikephysicistphysicalphysicsmassmassesⅡ.用一用(境中提升)1.Notlongagoa (violence)earthquakeoccurredoffthecoastofIndonesia.2.[2017·北京卷]Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsown ________________(exist).3.Themotherpattedherchild (gentle)ontheback,tryingtocalmhimdown.4.Playingputergamesforalongtimeisvery (harm)toourhealth.基础自主梳理existenceviolentgentlyharmful5. (like)mostpeopleintheofficewhoetoworkbycar,Iusuallyetoworkbybus.6.Weliveina (globe)village,butthisdoesn'tmeanthatweallbehaveinthesameway.7.Hisanswertothequestionsounds andweareall alot.(puzzle)8.Hespentthewholeafternoon (pull)weedsinthegarden.基础自主梳理globalUnlikepuzzledpuzzlingpulling【记一记】——词不离群基础自主梳理1.“看,观察”动词家族①look(at)强调看的动作 ②see强调看到的结果 ③watch观看(精力集中) ④witness亲眼看见,目击⑤observe仔细观察 ⑥glare(at)生气地看 ⑦glance(at)瞥一眼 ⑧stare(at)凝视2.“推,拉”家族①pulln.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力 ②drawvt.&vi.拖,拉 ③dragvt.&n.拖,拉,拽 ④pushv.&n.推,推动(力)基础自主梳理3.“碰、撞”家族①hitv.碰撞,打击 ②crashv.碰撞;坠落 ③bumpn.&v.撞;碰撞(声) ④collidev.碰撞;相撞⑤collisionn.撞击;碰撞 ⑥runinto撞上 ⑦knockinto撞上 ⑧knocktogether相撞【短语扫描】归纳积累 一网打尽Ⅰ.填一填(掌握书写)动词+介/副词1.cheer 感到高兴;感到振奋2.prevent… 阻止;制止3.block 挡住(光线)4.break 突发;爆发5.watch for密切注意;当心;提防基础自主梳理 fromupoutoutout介词+名词6. time及时;终于7. one'sturn轮到某人动词+名词(+介词)8.givebirth 产生;分娩9.lay 下蛋10.getthehang 熟悉;掌握;理解其他11.now 既然基础自主梳理eggsinintoofthatⅡ.用一用(境中提升)选用以上短语填空1.Afiercefight betweenthetwobrothersjustbecauseofasmallthing.2.PleasetellmewhenMrSmithisarrivingatthetrainstationsothatIcanpickhimup .3.Thewall allthelight.Itshouldbepulleddown.4. sharpbendsandadjustyourspeedaccordinglywhiledriving.基础自主梳理blocksoutbrokeoutintimeWatchoutfor【记一记】——词不离群基础自主梳理1.表达“小心;当心”的高频短语荟萃①watchout(for)小心;当心 ②lookout当心 ③takecare小心 ④becareful小心2.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达(1)阻止某人做某事①preventsbfromdoingsth ②stopsbfromdoingsth ③keepsbfromdoingsth基础自主梳理(2)禁止某人做某事①prohibitsbfromdoingsth ②bansbfromdoingsth ③forbidsbfromdoingsth背句型(课本这样讲)记公式(公式这样记)仿句子(高考这样考)1.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarried ontheearthandfellover.但当我尽量向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。
…倍数+as+形容词/副词+as…1.杰茜卡付出的是三倍于以前的时间和精力,所以我相信她这次会成功Jessicadevoted______________ _______________________________shedidbefore,soIbelieveshewillsucceedthistime.基础自主梳理【句式再现】攻克句型 对接高考twiceasfarasthreetimesasmuchtimeandenergyas基础自主梳理背句型(课本这样讲)记公式(公式这样记)仿句子(高考这样考)2.Thisproducedachainreaction,__________________________________forlifetodevelop.这引起了连锁反应,为生命的发展提供了可能makeit+adj./n.(+forsb/sth)+todosth”结构2.[2017·浙江卷·书面表达]这些睡前活动让孩子们都变得很兴奋,使他们很难平静下来睡觉。
Theseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedand_________________________________________ andsleep. whichmadeitpossiblemakeithardforthemtocalmdown基础自主梳理背句型(课本这样讲)记公式(公式这样记)仿句子(高考这样考)3.Theearthbecame_____________________itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.地球变得如此激烈动荡,不知道这个形状是否会持续下去so…that…如此……以至于 3.[2016·北京卷·书面表达]我们做得很好,被邀请与我们学校的所有学生分享我们的想法和经验Wedid____________________________________________________________________________________allthestudentsofourschool. soviolentthatsowellthatwewereinvitedtoshareourideasandexperiencewith基础自主梳理背句型(课本这样讲)记公式(公式这样记)仿句子(高考这样考)4.So_______________________ ontheearthformillionsofyearstoewilldependon__________________________ ___________________________. 所以,在未来的数百万年中,生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
whether引导主语从句和宾语从句4.[2015·浙江卷·书面表达]一旦我们有机会决定是在公园野餐还是去博物馆,我很想去博物馆Oncewewerelefttodecide_________________________________________________ ___________,Iwouldlovetogotoamuseum. whetherlifewillcontinuewhethertohaveapicnicinaparkorgotoamuseumwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved1existvi.存在;生存··经典例句(1)[教材原句P26]Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它们也下蛋,在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年2)Thereexistsagoodwaytosolvetheexistingproblemsingeography.有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。
考点分层突破核心词汇考点分层突破··归纳拓展①existonsth(=liveonsth) 靠某物生存existin…存在于……之中Thereexists… 有/存在……②existencen. 存在inexistence现存的;现有的eintoexistence产生;存在③existingadj.现存的;现行的【名师指津】exist一般不用于进行时态,也不能使用被动语态考点分层突破··即学即练单句语法填空(1)Itwasimpossibleforthemtoexist suchasmalline.(2)Howthefirststarcameinto (exist)isnotknown.(3)Theparkingplaceforbikeswasan (exist)problemforalongtimeinourschool.考点分层突破onexistenceexisting2preventv.阻止;制止··经典例句(1)[教材原句P26]Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。
考点分层突破(2)Asalways,youshouldstretchatleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntopreventinjuries.在每次开跑之前,你都应该像往常一样伸展四肢至少十分钟,以避免受伤考点分层突破考点分层突破··归纳拓展【名师指津】(1)在主动语态中,stop/prevent…fromdoingsth中可省去from,而keep…fromdoingsth中的from不可省略;在被动语态中,这三个搭配中的from均不可省略2)在protect…from结构中,from后接能带来伤害或损害之物考点分层突破··即学即练单句改错(1)Nothingcouldpreventhimgoouteventhoughit'sbadweather.(2)Theplancanbepreventedbeingcarriedout.(3)Theydidn'tkeephimexpressinghisviews.考点分层突破go→goingbeing前加fromhim后加from3puzzlen.谜;难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难··经典例句(1)[教材原句P27]Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.地球上的生命是怎样起源的,这个问题是科学家们发现的难以解决的最大难题之一。
2)Thepuzzledlookonherfacesuggestedshewaspuzzlingoverthepuzzlingmathsproblem.她脸上困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学难题考点分层突破考点分层突破··归纳拓展①puzzleover/about 苦苦思索;仔细琢磨②puzzledadj. 迷惑的;不解的puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的bepuzzledby… 被……迷惑bepuzzledabout对……迷惑不解③apuzzletosb一件让某人感到困惑的事情【名师指津】过去分词形式的形容词,如puzzled,confused,frightened,excited,surprised等,除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外,还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词,如look,voice,smile,expression,face等考点分层突破··即学即练单句语法填空(1)Wherethelostboyhasgonestillremains puzzletous.(2) puzzledmewaswhytheydidn'ttaketheexpert'sadvice.(3)Joepassedhishandoverhisfaceandlooked (puzzle).考点分层突破aWhatpuzzled4pulln.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力··经典例句(1)[教材原句P30]Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth'sgravity.随着火箭升空,由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力,我们被向后推在座位上。
2)[2018·天津卷]ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhousethatwesawLilyinthepassengerseat.只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉考点分层突破考点分层突破··归纳拓展pullback 拉回来;缩回;使后退pulldown拉下(窗帘等);拆毁;拆掉(房屋等)pullout拔出,使脱离;(列车等)驶出,出站;启程pullup把……往上拽;(使)停下(住)pullsbfrom/outof从……中退出pullin (列车等)驶进,到站;(船)靠岸pullthrough(使)渡过危机/难关··即学即练用适当的介词或副词填空(1)ItwasimpossibleforJoetoclimbbackorforSimontopullhim .(2)Hesucceededinpulling thedifficulty.(3)Thetrainpulled exactlyontime.考点分层突破upthroughin对点训练语境语法填空Theriverisbeingpollutedwithmanyfactories1. (exist)onbothofitssides.Deadfishhavebeenfound2. (float)onthesurfaceofthewater.Unknownbacteria3. (multiply)fastalongtheriver,whichmightbeapotentialrisktopeople'shealth.However,what4. (puzzle)thelocalgovernmentishowtodealwiththerelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopmentand考点分层突破existingfloatingaremultiplyingpuzzlesenvironmentalprotection.Theywanttotakeaction5. (pull)downsomeofthefactories,buttheyfearthatthismaycausethelocaleconomy6. (crash)andthenbringimpactsonemployment.考点分层突破topulltocrash1intime终于;及时··经典例句[教材原句P25]Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.最终它们产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。
考点分层突破高频短语考点分层突破··归纳拓展①intimefor… 刚好赶上……intimetodosth及时做某事②ontime准时allthetime一直,始终atonetime曾经,一度atatime每次,逐一考点分层突破fromtimetotime有时,偶尔innotime立刻,马上timeandtimeagain一次又一次,一再③takeone'stime别着急;慢慢来killtime消磨时间··即学即练用time相关短语的适当形式填空(1)Doyouwanttogetup tohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?(2) ,halfthelandontheearth'ssurfacewascoveredbytheforest.(3)We'llhavetheleakfixed .考点分层突破intimeAtonetimeinnotime2inone'sturn轮到某人;接着··经典例句(1)[教材原句P26]Thustheyhave,intheirturn,beethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.从而,它们的时代到来了,它们成了这个行星上最重要的动物。
2)Atthemeeting,theyallspoke,eachintheirturn.在会议上他们依次都发了言考点分层突破考点分层突破··归纳拓展inturn 依次;轮流;因此;因而byturns轮流;依次taketurnstodosth/(in)doingsth轮流做某事Itissb'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事··即学即练单句语法填空(1)Wetookturns (do)thedrivingonthewayuptoCanada.(2) ismyturntocleantheclassroomthisweek.(3)Inwinterpeopleburnalotofcoaltowarmthemselves,andthis_____ turncausespollutionandglobalwarming.考点分层突破todoinIt3cheerup高兴起来;振作精神··经典例句(1)[教材原句P31]Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbeesmallerandthemoonlarger.我立刻感到很高兴,(由于失重)我在太空舱里飘来飘去,我望着(身后的)地球越来越小,而(前方的)月球越来越大。
2)Wewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedherifwecouldbuyaflowerfortheladytocheerherup.我们去了卖花人那里,问她我们能否为那位女士买朵花让她振作起来考点分层突破考点分层突破··归纳拓展cheersbup 使某人振作起来cheersbon(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励;为某人加油cheerfor为……而欢呼Cheers干杯!··即学即练完成句子(1)Cathydidn'texpectanyawardbutwasstillthere__________________ (为她的朋友加油)andpraisetheiracplishments.(2)WhenI'mfeelingsad,mymother_____________________________________ (给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴).考点分层突破tocheeronherfriendstellsmefunnystoriestocheermeup对点训练运用所学短语完成下列短文1. (既然)theriverherehasbeenbadlypolluted,weshouldbe2. (及时)todealwithit,oritwillbeharmfultoourhealth.Weshould3. (阻止它)beingpollutedagain.Soweshould4. (振作起来)and5. (密切注意)thebadbehaviours. 考点分层突破Nowthatintimepreventitfromcheerupwatchoutfor1ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.(教材P31)但当我尽量向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。
··句型公式考点分层突破重点句型twiceasfaras…是一种倍数的表达方法,意为“是……的两倍远”在该句型中,twice也可换成:half,onefourth等词,表示“……是……的一半/四分之一等”考点分层突破··归纳拓展常见的倍数表达法有:①倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as…②倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than…③倍数+thesize/height/weight/depth/…+of…④倍数+asmany/much+名词+as…··经典例句(1)ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbethreetimesasbigas/threetimesbiggerthan/threetimesthesizeofthepresentone.正在为下届亚运会而建设的新体育场将是目前这个体育场的三倍大2)Thenewbridgeisthreetimesthewidthofthatonebuiltlastyear.这座新桥是去年建造的那座桥的三倍宽。
考点分层突破··即学即练一句多译最近发现的行星几乎是地球的三倍大,人类有望能在上面生活1)Thenewplanetdiscoveredrecentlyisalmost________________________ theearth,andhopefullyitcansupporthumanlife.(as)(2)Thenewplanetdiscoveredrecentlyisalmost________________________ theearth,andhopefullyitcansupporthumanlife.(than)(3)Thenewplanetdiscoveredrecentlyisalmost________________________ theearth,andhopefullyitcansupporthumanlife.(size)考点分层突破threetimesaslargeasthreetimesbiggerthanthreetimesthesizeof2Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.(教材P26)这引起了连锁反应,为生命的发展提供了可能。
··句型公式考点分层突破“makeit+adj./n.+forsbtodo”结构中it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式考点分层突破··归纳拓展①make+it+形容词/名词+that从句make+it+形容词/名词+todosthmake+it+nogood/nouse/novalue…+doingsth②常用于这种句型的动词还有:think,consider,find,feel等··经典例句(1)Thepresentsituationmakesitdifficultforustoacplishthetaskontime.目前的情况使我们很难按时完成任务2)Nomatterwhereheis,hemakesitaruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.无论他在哪里,他都会在早饭前去散散步考点分层突破(3)Whenitestoemotionalsupport,thescientistthinksitnecessarytosurroundyourselfwithsomesupportivepeople.当提到情感支持时,这位科学家认为周围有一些支持你的人是必要的。
考点分层突破··即学即练(1)单句语法填空①Unfortunately,thetreesmade impossibleforpeopletoseeherfromabove.②Lotsofpeoplefindithard (get)upinthemorningandputtheblameonthealarmclock.考点分层突破ittoget(2)同义句改写Itispossibleforeverystudentinourschooltouseaputerinclass.(同义句转换)→Ourschool foreverystudenttouseaputerinclass.考点分层突破makesitpossible对点训练语境改错Ataroughestimate,NigeriaisthreetimessizeofGreatBritain.Itspopulationisnowtwicethatitwas50yearsago.Nigeriaisabundantinoil,whichmakespossibletobeeAfrica'sNo.1economy.Chinesepeoplearepouringintothiscountry.ThenumberofChinesetouriststoNigeriaisfivetimeslargeasitusedtobe.Nowwhenyouhavegotachancetovisitit,whynotgotoappreciateitscharmingsceneryanduniqueculture?考点分层突破Ataroughestimate,Nigeriaisthreetimes∧sizeofGreatBritain.Itspopulationisnowtwicethatitwas50yearsago.Nigeriaisabundantinoil,whichmakes∧possibletobeeAfrica'sNo.1economy.Chinesepeoplearepouringintothiscountry.ThenumberofChinesetouriststo考点分层突破thewhatitNigeriaisfivetimes∧largeasitusedtobe.Nowwhenyouhavegotachancetovisitit,whynotgotoappreciateitscharmingsceneryanduniqueculture?考点分层突破asthatⅠ.单句语法填空1.We'relookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayof (prevent)that.2.Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsucha (puzzle)question,shestoodtherewithasurprisedlookonherface.3.Moreimportantly,Ifounditwasmyturn (start)lookingaftermyfather.4.Asaproverbgoes,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”Oureffortswillpayoff time.当堂跟踪检测preventingpuzzlingtostartin5.Thereweremanyfish (float)intheriverbecauseoftheseriouspollution.6.Myrelationshipwiththeactorsisfundamental myworkasadirector.7.Therearefourtimes (many)booksinourlibrarythaninyours.8.Aconflictbroke whenthevillagerstriedtopreventthefactoryworkers sendingwastewaterintotheirfield.当堂跟踪检测floatingtooutmorefromⅡ.短语填空1.You'vemademesufferinthepast,sonowyou, ,sufferagain!2.Hansfinally hisjobafterthreemonthsoftraining.3.Stressfulenvironmentsleadtounhealthybehaviourssuchaspooreatinghabits,which increasetheriskofheartdisease.当堂跟踪检测inyourturngotthehangofgivebirthto,inone'sturn,nowthat,preventfrom,getthehangof,inturninturn4. you'vepassedyourtest,youcandriveonyourown.5.Thegovernmenttookimmediatemeasuresandthediseasewas ___________________spreading.6.ItwasJamesWatt'sobservationofsteamfromakettlethat_______________ theideaofthesteamengine.当堂跟踪检测Nowthat gavebirthtopreventedfromⅢ.句型训练1.从这个故事中,我明白了勤奋能使我们克服巨大困难的道理。
it作形式宾语)Fromthestory,Ihavelearnedalessonthathardwork_____________________ _______________________greatdifficulties.2.这项计划是否能够成功取决于它是否能够被保密whether) dependsonwhetheritcanbekeptsecret.当堂跟踪检测makesitpossibleforustoovereWhethertheplanwillbesuccessful3.整个建筑化为灰烬目前为止还不清楚上周那场火灾是怎样发生的breakout)Thewholebuildingwasburnttoashes.Sofaritremainsunknown________________ .4.最让我疑惑不解的是他是怎样做出这道如此难的数学题的。
puzzle) howhecouldworkoutsuchadifficultmathsproblem.当堂跟踪检测howthefirebrokeoutlastweekWhatpuzzledmemostwas5.为了让她高兴起来,她的父母带她去环球旅行cheer) ,herparentstookhertotravelaroundtheworld.当堂跟踪检测TocheerherupⅣ.课文语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Differentreligionsandcultureshavetheirownideasabouthowtheuniverse1. (e)intobeing.Accordingtoa2. (wide)acceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”that3.__________ (explode)loudlywithfireandrockandthrewmattersinalldirections.Severalbillionyearsafterthat,thedustsettledinto4. solidglobe—theearth—wherethe5. (continue)presenceofwater当堂跟踪检测cameexplodedwidelyacontinuedmadelifepossible.Lifedevelopedfrom6. (simply)plantstoplicatedmammals,movingfromwatertoland.Atlast,mammalssawanewspecies7. (appear)—humans—whichspreadallovertheearth.Togetherwiththeircivilization,aseriesofproblemshas8.___________ (arise),makingtheearthfarfromaparadise.9. lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyears10. (e)willdependonwhethertheproblemscanbesolved.当堂跟踪检测simpleappearingWhetherarisentoe。
