2022年中考英语总复习易错知识点专题九动词分类和时态专项训练含解析.doc

专题九 动词分类和时态易错清单一、 易混动词1. 几个“花费〞:spend,take,pay,costspend多用人作主语,后接金钱或时间spend...on sth/ (in)doing sth如:I spent 15 yuan on this new book.买这本新书我花了15元 take常用于 “It takes sb some time to do sth〞句型中,如: It often takes me half an hour to go to school by bike every day.我每天骑车去学校要花半小时 pay常与for连用,表“付给……款〞如:I paid 15 yuan for this new book. cost常用物作主语,表“价值或花费多少钱〞如:This new book costs me 15 yuan.2. 几个“看〞:look,see,watch,read,find look 看,表动作,look atsee 看见,表结果;也可说看电影“see a film〞 watch 观看比赛、演出、电视等read读书看报等文字材料3. 几个与“看〞有关的词或词组:look for, find, find out, look after, take care of, look over, look forward to look for寻找,表过程。

find发现,找到,表结果find out 找出,查明look after, take care of 均表示“照看,照顾〞look over 检查身体等look forward to盼望……,期待……4. 几个“说〞:say, speak, talk, tell say用作及物动词或不及物动词用作及物动词时,侧重说的内容;say用作不及物动词时,不涉及所说的内容如:Please say it in English.这个请用英语说It's hard to say. 很难说Easier said than done.说起来容易,做起来难say之后通常跟直接引语、间接引语或宾语从句如:The teacher said,“Please look at me.〞 老师说:“请看着我〞Our teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. 老师说地球围绕太阳运行含有say的固定搭配和常见的句型有:say to oneself 自言自语;say“Hi/Hello〞to sb. 向某人问好; have nothing to say to对……无话可说;say a good word for sb. 为某人说好话;They say... / It's said... (据说……);That is to say那就是说。

speak用作及物动词或不及物动词用作及物动词时,意思是“讲、说某种语言〞;用作不及物动词时,意思是“说/说话〞如:Do you speak English? 你讲英语吗?He can speak several foreign languages. 他会讲好几种外语Speak up. I can't hear you.大声点,我听不见They often speak of you.他们经常谈到你speak作“说/说话〞讲时,与talk可以互换使用如:The baby is learning how to speak / talk.那个婴儿正在学说话speak与介词to连用,作“说话〞讲,打 时常用如:Hello,may I speak to Tom? 喂,请汤姆接 ,好吗?Who is speaking? 你是谁?This is Li Hong speaking. 我是李红含speak的短语、固定搭配和句型常见的有:speak to / with... 与……讲话; speak up大声说;speak at the meeting 在会上发言;speak highly of称赞;speak for sb. 为某人说话; speak in public 当众发言。

talk 用作不及物动词,作“说话〞讲时与speak可以互换使用作“交谈〞讲时,通常与介词to / with连用如:The baby can't talk yet.那个婴儿还不会讲话They often talk in English.他们经常用英语交谈I'd like to talk to her.我想和她谈一谈talk用作名词时,可以与动词have一起构成短语“have a talk with〞,意思是“和……谈一谈〞如:May I have a talk with you?我可以和你谈一谈吗?含talk的短语、固定搭配和句型常见有:talk to/with sb. 和某人谈话;talk about谈论;have a talk with sb. 和某人谈话/谈一谈; talk of谈到/讲到;talk out说完; talk in English用英语交谈;tell用作及物动词,意思是“讲、说〞,指说实话,说出事实的真相,讲故事等如:My mother often tells me stories. 妈妈经常给我讲故事Please tell me the truth.请告诉我事实的真相。

The boy never tells lies. 那个孩子从不说谎Nobody can tell how the Pyramids were built.没有人能说出金字塔是怎样建成的tell表示命令时,作“叫、告诉〞讲,常见的句型是“tell sb to do sth.〞,意思是“叫/告诉某人做某事〞如:Tell him to come to my office.叫/告诉他到我的办公室来 Tell them not to look out of the window.叫他们不要向窗外望含有tell的短语、固定搭配和常用句型有: tell sb. a story给某人讲故事; tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事的情况;tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事;tell a lie 说谎; tell the truth 说实话say接说话的内容,作及物动词say sth to sb 对某人说某事如: Did you say goodbye to your granny?你和你外婆说再见了吗?speak常指能说某种语言,打 时常用它表示说话,也有“演讲〞的意思,不强调说话的内容。

如:We can speak Chinese and English.我们可以说汉语和英语May I speak to Henry?我可以和亨利讲话吗?He will speak at the meeting tonight.他将在今晚的会议上发言talk多是不及物动词,指交谈、谈论;作名词时有演讲、报告之意tell的意思是“告诉某人……;讲述……;吩咐某人做……〞,多为及物动词,后面多接两个宾语5. 几个“穿,戴〞:put on,wear,dress(up)put on指“穿上、戴上〞,强调动作,代词多放在中间wear指“穿着,戴着〞,表示状态dress指“给某人穿衣服〞,其宾语多是指人dress up 指“穿上盛装,打扮〞6. 几个“到达〞:reach,arrive in/at,get toreach是个及物动词,它后面可以直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语arrive是个不及物动词,后面接表示地点的名词作宾语时需在宾语前加介词in或at(在国家和较大的城市或地区前用in,较小的地方或单位前用at) get to 表示到达,多用于口语中注意:当表示到达here,there,home时,arrive或get后不要加介词。

7. 几个“带、拿〞:bring,take,get,carry bring指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来〞或“带来〞 take指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“带到〞或“拿到〞离说话人较远处get指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来 carry不强调动作来去的方向,只说明动作方式,表示“背着、扛着、提着、载着〞等含义8. 几个与“听〞有关的词或词组:listen to,hear,hear of,hear fromlisten to 听……,表示听的动作hear 听见,听到,表示结果hear of 听说……hear from收到某人的信息或来信9. beat和winbeat表示“赢〞或“打败〞,后面要接被打败的对手win用作及物动词时,后面接的不是被打败的对手,而是比赛本身、游戏、战争、名次等10. rise和raiserise是不及物动词,表示“上升、提高、增长〞等raise是及物动词,表示“举起、抬起〞11. borrow,lend和keepborrow指其逻辑主语从别处或别人那里“借来〞东西,常与介词from连用lend指其逻辑主语将东西“借出、借给〞别人,常与介词to连用keep表示“保存〞,与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。

12. receive和acceptreceive的意思是“收到了……〞,只表示收到某物,并不说明同意或不同意接受的含义accept表示“接受……〞,“同意接纳……〞,如接受物体、邀请、批评等如:He received an invitation from her and accepted it happily.他收到了她的邀请,并且很愉快地接受了13. answer与replyanswer意为“答复、响应、答复、接听 〞等,多作及物动词reply意为“答复、答复〞,是不及物动词,后需加介词to,at等再加宾语14. hope与expect hope指主观上的愿望,但在客观上不一定有实现的可能性,常接that从句、动词不定式或以介词for引出的短语expect着重指客观上有可能实现的“期待、期望〞等,其后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或that从句15. lie和laylie有多个意思:表示“躺;展示;位于〞时,其变化是lay,lain,lying;表示“说谎〞时,其变化是lied,lied,lyinglay的含义是“放置、产卵〞等其变化是laid,laid,laying二、 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别它们所表示的动作都发生在过去,但二者又有区别:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday,last week,a moment ago等)连用。

如:—These farmers have been to the United States.——这些农民去过美国了—Really? When did they go there?——真的吗?他们什么时候去的?—Have you finished your homework? ——你完成作业了吗?—Yes,I did it a moment ago. ——是的,我。