常用数学公式的英语表述.doc

常用的数学英语表述 1.Logic ∃ there exist ∀ for all p⇒q p implies q / if p, then q p⇔q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent 2.Sets x∈A x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A x∉A x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A A⊂B A is contained in B / A is a subset of B A⊃B A contains B / B is a subset of A A∩B A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B A∪B A cup B / A join B / A union B A\B A minus B / the diference between A and B A×B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B 3. Real numbers x+1 x plus one x-1 x minus one x±1 x plus or minus one xy xy / x multiplied by y (x - y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus y x y x over y = the equals sign x = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5 x≠5 x (is) not equal to 5 x≡y x is equivalent to (or identical with) y x ≡ y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y x > y x is greater than y x≥y x is greater than or equal to y x < y x is less than y x≤y x is less than or equal to y 0 < x < 1 zero is less than x is less than 1 0≤x≤1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1 | x | mod x / modulus x x 2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2 x 3 x cubed x 4 x to the fourth / x to the power four x n x to the nth / x to the power n x −n x to the (power) minus n x (square) root x / the square root of x x 3 cube root (of) x x 4 fourth root (of) x x n nth root (of) x ( x+y ) 2 x plus y all squared ( x y ) 2 x over y all squared n! n factorial x ^ x hat x ¯ x bar x ˜ x tilde x i xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i ∑ i=1 n a i the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i 4. Linear algebra ‖ x ‖ the norm (or modulus) of x OA → OA / vector OA OA ¯ OA / the length of the segment OA A T A transpose / the transpose of A A −1 A inverse / the inverse of A 5. Functions f( x ) fx / f of x / the function f of x f:S→T a function f from S to T x→y x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y f'( x ) f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to x f''( x ) f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to x f'''( x ) triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x f (4) ( x ) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x ∂f ∂ x 1 the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1 ∂ 2 f ∂ x 1 2 the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1 ∫ 0 ∞ the integral from zero to infinity lim⁡ x→0 the limit as x approaches zero lim⁡ x→ 0 + the limit as x approaches zero from above lim⁡ x→ 0 − the limit as x approaches zero from below log e y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y ln⁡y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y 一般词汇 数学 mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE) 公理 axiom 定理 theorem 计算 calculation 运算 operation 证明 prove 假设 hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.) 命题 proposition 算术 arithmetic 加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.) 被加数 augend, summand 加数 addend 和 sum 减 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.) 被减数 minuend 减数 subtrahend 差 remainder 乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) 被乘数 multiplicand, faciend 乘数 multiplicator 积 product 除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.) 被除数 dividend 除数 divisor 商 quotient 等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to 大于 is greater than 小于 is lesser than 大于等于 is equal or greater than 小于等于 is equal or lesser than 运算符 operator 数字 digit 数 number 自然数 natural number 整数 integer 小数 decimal 小数点 decimal point 分数 fraction 分子 numerator 分母 denominator 比 ratio 正 positive 负 negative 零 null, zero, nought, nil 十进制 decimal system 二进制 binary system 十六进制 hexadecimal system 权 weight, significance 进位 carry 截尾 truncation 四舍五入 round 下舍入 round down 上舍入 round up 有效数字 significant digit 无效数字 insignificant digit 代数 algebra 公式 formula, formulae(pl.) 单项式 monomial 多项式 polynomial, multinomial 系数 coefficient 未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式 equation 一次方程 simple equation 二次方程 quadratic equation 三次方程 cubic equation 四次方程 quartic equation 不等式 inequation 阶乘 factorial 对数 logarithm 指数，幂 exponent 乘方 power 二次方，平方 square 三次方，立方 cube 四次方 the power of four, the fourth power n 次方 the power of n, the nth power 开方 evolution, extraction 二次方根，平方根 square root 三次方根，立方根 cube root 四次方根 the root of four, the fo。