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奥林匹克篇改.doc

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    • 奥林匹克篇奥林匹克精神— the Olympic spirit requires mutual understanding with a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play. 奥林匹克精神:相互了解,友谊,团结和公平竞争奥林匹克格言——Citius, Altius, Fortius, Faster(Swifter), Higher, Stronger 芬兰Citius,Altius,Fortius,更快,更高,(更强)奥林匹克信条--Olympic Creed“The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph, but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered, but to have fought well"在奥林匹克中最重要的事情不是取胜而是参与,正如生活中最重要的不是胜利,而是奋斗。

      重要的不是打客服,而是打的不错.网球的规则Draw 抽签The process by which matches are arranged and scheduled for a tournament. Generally, seeded players are given byes or scheduled before the draw, and names of the other entrants are then randomly selected to determine match—ups and order of play. Seed 种子Before a tournament, certain players are ranked, based on their ability and recent performances. The process is called “seeding”, the rankings are called “seeds”, and the top-ranked player is called “the top seed”. Matches are then arranged so that the top-seeded players will not meet until the later rounds of the tournament.Bye 轮空The right to advance to the next round of a tournament without playing a match。

      Top-seeded players are often given byes in the first round Wild card 外卡A special “invitation” given to players ,regardless of ranking, to compete in a tournament. Often given to top players who have missed the entry deadline and young players who have demonstrated outstanding potentialOpen tournament 公开赛In the early days of tennis, clubs held two types of tournament: “closed”, to which only club members were admitted, and “open”, which non—members could also enter. With the advent of professionalism, “open” came to mean a tournament that could be entered by amateurs and professional alike。

      Today, all major tournaments are open. PeriodTournamentLocationSurfaceJanuary Australian Open澳网MelbourneHard (Plexicushion)May-JuneFrench Open法网ParisClayJune—JulyWimbledon温布顿LondonGrassAugust-SeptemberUS Open美国New York CityHard (DecoTurf)网球四大满贯网球裁判有哪些一场正规的网球比赛中有12名裁判: 一名主裁判,一名副裁判,4名边裁,2个底线裁判,2个发球中线裁判,2个发球线裁判,另外还有六个球童.除主裁判以外,场上所有裁判和球童每小时换一次,确保他们得以休息,准确裁决主裁判  Tennis referee副裁判   Tennis deputy referees边裁 Tennis linesman底线裁判 Bottom line tennis referee发球线裁判  Tennis half-way between the referee发球中线裁判  Tennis center line for the referee发球区中线  His tennis court Central Line球童  The tennis ball boy电子裁判 Tennis electronic referee排球的规则发球: serve 救球 dig 拦网 block 一传 pass 二传 set 扣球 spikeSetter —  the second passer whose job is to position a pass to the hitter.Libero - a substitute defensive player especially adept at digging. Antenna 标志杆 Vertical poles attached to the outside edge of the net, that extend 80 centimeters above the net and delineate where the ball has to crass the net. The antemma is considered part of the net and is out of bounds。

       Attack line (three meters line) 进攻线A line 3 meters from, and parallel to, the net. A back-row player cannot legally attack the ball above the net unless he takes off on his jump from behind this line.排球比赛中每方六个队员,每个人都是有自己位置的,从1号位到6号位(以前没有自由人)2到4号在前排,其余在后排前排与后排以三米线来区分进攻时位置在后排的队员不许在三米线上或前面起跳扣球,否则犯规从三米线后起跳扣球就是后排进攻了 Crossing space 过网区The zone above the net and between two antennae through which the ball must pass during a rally. Center line End lineSide lineFront zone Area abound the court (free zone ) 无障碍区 The free zone surrounds the court with a recommended minimum width of 3 meters。

      Service zone 发球区 The service zone is a 9 meters wide area behind each end line, it is laterally limited by two short lines, each 15cm long, drawn 20 cm behind the end line as an extension of the sidelines. Both short lines are included in the width of the service zone. In depth , the service zone extends to the end of the free zone. 发球区宽9米,位置在端线后(不包括端线)两条端线后各画一条长15厘米、垂直并距离端线20厘米的短线,两条短线之间的区域为发球区,短线宽度包括在发球区之内发球区的深度延至无障碍区的终端Ready position --— The flexed, yet comfortable posture a player assumes before moving to the point of contact.Forearm Pass – sometimes referred to as the “bump” or “dig”. Join your arms from the elbows to the wrists and strike the ball with the fleshy part of your forearms in an underhand motion. Introduced in the late 1940’s as a desperation play, the forearm pass is now rated by many as the most important fundamentals in volleyball.Overhand pass-—- a pass with both hands open, and controlled by the fingers with the face below the ball. A ball—handling skill using both hands simultaneously to contact the ball above the head and direct it to the intended target.Spike-also hit or attack。

       A ball contacted with force by a player on the offensive team who intend to terminate the ball on the opponent’s floor or off the opponent’s blocker.Block --- a defensive player by one or more front row players meant to intercept a spiked ball The c。

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