英语三级备战系列(Structure).doc

Wuhan Technical College of CommunicationsPRETCO备战系列(Structure)高等学校英语应用能力考试语法结构（Structure）测试考生运用语法知识的能力测试范围包括《基本要求》中的“词汇表”和“语法结构表”所规定的全部内容本部分共有20小题，占总测试比重的15%，由Section A和Section B两部分组成，各有10小题，测试时间为15分钟Section A部分为单项选择题，要求考生从每题所给的四个选项中选择一个最佳答案，占总分值的5%，主要测试考生运用和掌握语法结构的能力和对书面表达语的理解和运用能力Section B部分要求根据所给句子的结构和内容，写出括号里所给单词的适当形式测试内容包括句法结构、词法、词形转换等，占总分值的10%Section A语法结构部分的测试内容比较广泛，根据对历年A级试题分析，测试重点主要在非谓语动词（包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词，动词的时态及语态，形容词和副词的比较等级，虚拟语气，主谓一致，倒装句，复合句（名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句），句型结构等方面Section B填空题部分主要涉及词汇及部分语法知识，主要测试考生对词汇的实际运用以及对一些常见的前缀和后缀知识的掌握情况。

根据《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求》的要求，A级考生应掌握3400个英语单词以及由这些单词构成的常用词组和相应的同根词本教案将从以下十个语法知识点针对性地进行讲解：1. 动词的时态和语态；2.主谓一致；3.倒装句；4.情态动词和虚拟语气；5.强调句；6.反意疑问句；7.定语从句；8.状语从句；9.非谓语动词；10.名词性从句PRETCO备战系列一：动词的时态和语态1. 常用常考的动词时态和用法：（以do为例）名称构成用法一般现在时do/does,( 连系动词is/am/are )1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来I’ll go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作There goes the bell.铃响了There comes the bus.汽车来了Here she comes.她来了。

一般过去时did,( 连系动词was/were)表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为现在进行时is/am/are doing1.表示正在进行的动作2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京He is working as a teacher tomorrow.3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起过去进行时was/were doing1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行They were still working when I left.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示过去将来动作He said she was arriving the next day.现在完成时has/have done1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说话时已完成的动作。

I have finished the report.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段时间状语连用He has learned English for six years.They have worked here since they left college.3.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to” —Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.—She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.1. 短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用不能说：He has joined the army for three years.要翻译“他已参军已经三年了。

可采用①“ago法”He joined the army three years ago.②“延续法”He has been in the army for three years.③“since法”It is/has been three years since he joined the army.过去完成时had done1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作He had shut the door before the dog came up.Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.1. 常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图We had expected that you would be able to win the match.将来完成时will/shall have done用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。

常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.现在完成进行时has/have been doing用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（还要继续下去）的动作He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.过去完成进行时had been doing表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，还将继续下去一般将来时will/shalldo;is/am/are going to do;is/am/ar（about）to do一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况（详见下面2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较）过去将来时would/should dowas/were going to dowas/were（about）to do1.相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态.He told me he would go to Beijing. I was told that he was going to return home.2. would do(表示过去的习惯)总是,总会,常常He would sit silent for hours. 2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较将来时用 法例 句1be + doing 进行时表将来go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作He is moving to the south.Are they leaving for Europe? 2be about to + 动词原形表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语I was about to leave when the bell rang.3be to + 动词原形表示按计划进行或征求对方意见We’re to meet at the school gate at noon.4一般现在时表将来时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般现在时表示将来The meeting starts at five o’clock.3. 动词的被动语态常用被动语态构 成常用被动语态构 成1一般现在时am/is/are done6过去进行时was/were being done2一般过去时was/were done7现在完成时have/has been done3一般将来时shall/will be done8过去完成时had been done4过去将来时should/would be done9将来完成时will/would have been done5现在进行时am/is/are being done10含情态动词can/must/may be done注意事项汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示：It is believed that…/It is generally considered that…/It is said that… It is well known that… /It must be pointed out that…/It is supposed that… It is reported that…/ It must be admitted that…/It is hoped that…下面主动形式常表示被动意义1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。

常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash等This knife cuts well.这把刀好切 These books sell well.这些书好卖The pen writes smoothly. Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.The cloth washes well.这种布好洗2. 一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等The apples taste good. The flower sm。