考研英语一阅读历年真题.pdf

考研英语一阅读历年真题考研英语一阅读历年真题1T e x t 3T h e r o u g h g u i d e t o m a r k e t i n g s u c c e s s u s e d t o b et h a t y o u g o t w h a t y o u p a i d f o r . N o l o n g e r . W h i l et r a d i t i o n a l “ p a i d " m e d i a - s u c h a s t e l e v i s i o nm e r c i a l s a n d p r i n t a d v e r t i s e m e n t s - s t i l l p l a y am a j o r r o l e , p a n i e s t o d a y c a n e x p l o i t m a n ya l t e r n a t i v e f o r m s o f m e d i a . C o n s u m e r s p a s s i o n a t ea b o u t a p r o d u c t m a y c r e a t e “ o w n e d ” m e d i a b y s e n d i n ge -m a i l a l e r t s a b o u t p r o d u c t s a n d s a l e s t o c u s t o m e r sr e g i s t e r e d w i t h i t s W e b s i t e . T h e w a y c o n s u m e r s n o wa p p r o a c h t h e b r o a d r a n g e o f f a c t o r s b e y o n dc o n v e n t i o n a l p a i d m e d i a .P a i d a n d o w n e d m e d i a a r e c o n t r o l l e d b y m a r k e t e r sp r o m o t i n g t h e i r o w n p r o d u c t s . F o r e a r n e d m e d i a ,s u c h m a r k e t e r s a c t a s t h e i n i t i a t o r f o ru s e r s ' r e s p o n s e s . B u t i n s o m e c a s e s , o n em a r k e t e r s o w n e d m e d i a b e e a n o t h e r m a r k e t e r p a i dm e d i a - f o r i n s t a n c e , w h e n a n e -m e r c e r e t a i l e rs e l l s a d s p a c e o n i t s W e b s i t e . W e d e f i n e s u c h s o l dm e d i a a s o w n e d m e d i a w h o s e t r a f f i c i s s o s t r o n g t h a to t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s p l a c e t h e i r c o n t e n t o r e -m e r c ee n g i n e s w i t h i n t h a t e n v i r o n m e n t . T h i s t r e n d , w h i c hw e b e l i e v e i s s t i l l i n i t s i n f a n c y , e f f e c t i v e l yb e g a n w i t h r e t a i l e r s a n d t r a v e l p r o v i d e r s s u c h a sa i r l i n e s a n d h o t e l s a n d w i l l n o d o u b t g o f u r t h e r .Johnson & Johnson, for example, has createdBabyCenter, a stand-alone media property thatpromotes plementary and even petitive products.Besides generating ine, the presence of othermarketers makes the site seem objective, givespanies opportunities to learn valuable informationabout the appeal of other panies' marketing, andmay help expand user traffic for all panies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that haveprovided marketers with more (and more diverse)munications choices have also increased the risk thatpassionate consumers will voice their opinions inquicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.Such hijacked media are the opposite of earnedmedia： an asset or campaign bees hostage toconsumers, other stakeholders, or activists whomake negative allegations about a brand or product.Members of social networks, for instance, arelearning that they can hijack media to apply pressureon the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would tryto persuade others to boycott products, putting thereputation of the target pany at risk. In such acase, the pany 's response may not be sufficientlyquick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has beensteep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated someof the damage from its recall crisis earlier thisyear with a relatively quick and well-orchestratedsocial-media response campaign, which includedefforts to engage with consumers directly on sitessuch as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31. Consumers may create “earned“ media when theyare[A] obsessed with online shopping at certain Websites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent tothem.[C] eager to help their friends promote qualityproducts.ED] enthusiastic about remending their favoriteproducts.32. According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random petition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 thatearned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionateconsumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects inmarketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer petition.[D] deserve all the negative ments about them.34. Toyota Motor 's experience is cited as anexample of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainlyabout ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.考研英语一阅读历年真题2Text 3The journal Science is adding an extra source atPeer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNottannounced today. The Follows similar efforts fromother journals, after widespread concern thatMistakes in data analysis are contributing to thePublished research findings."Readers must have confidence in the conclusionspublished in our journal,"writes McNutt in aneditorial. Working with the American StatisticalAssociation, the Journal has appointed seven expertsto a statistics board of reviewing Manuscript will beflagged up for additional scrutiny by the Journal'seditors, or by its existing Board of ReviewingEditors or by outside peer The SBoRE panel will thenfind external statisticians to review theseAsked whether any particular papers had impelledthe change, McNutt said,"The creation ofthe'statistics board1 was motivated by concernsbroadly with the application of statistics and dataanalysis in scientific research and is part ofScience's overall drive to increase reproducibilityin the research we publish."Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at theHarvard School of Public Health, a member of theSBoRE group, says he expects the board to "playprimarily on advisory role. * ' He agreed to joinbecause he “found the foresight behind theestablishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique andlikely to have a lasting impact. This impact will notonly be through the publications in Science itself,but hopefully through a larger group of publishingplaces that may want to model their approach afterScience."John loannidis, a physician who studies researchmethodology, says that the policy is "a most welestep forward"and "long overdue,n"Most journals areweak in statistical review, and this damages thequality of what they publish. I think that, for themajority of scientific papers nowadays, statisticalreview is more essential than expert review,"he says.But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annalsof Internal Medicine, the Journal of the AmericanMedical Association and The Lancet pay strongattention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know howto analyze data, but statistical errors arealarmingly mon in published research, according toDavid Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers shouldimprove their standards, he wrote in 20XX, butjournals should also take a tougher line, "engagingreviewers who are statistically literate and editorswho can verify the process. "Vaux says that Science'sidea to pass some papers to statisticians "has somemerit, but a weakness is that it relies on the boardof reviewing editors to identify'the papers that needscrutiny'in the first place. n31. It can be learned from Paragraph I that[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-reviewprocess.[B]journals are strengthening their statisticalchecks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in dataanalysis.[D]lack of data analysis is mon in researchprojects.32. The phrase "flagged up (Para. 2) is the closestin meaning to[A] found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that theestablishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[Blmeet with strong opposition[C]increase Science's circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doingnowA. adds to researchers' worklosd.B. diminishes the role of reviewers.C. has room for further improvement.D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.35. Which of the following is the best title ofthe text?A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics inPapersB. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors' DesksD. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science考研英语一阅读历年真题3Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of thedeal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS)and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that bothsides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leadingartificial intelligence (AI) panies in the world. Thepotential of this work applied to healthcare is verygreat, but it could also lead to furtherconcentration of power in the tech giants. It Isagainst that background that the informationmissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damningverdict against the Royal Free hospital trust underthe NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of1. 6 million patients In 20XX on the basis of a vagueagreement which took far too little account of thepatients' rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust hasmended its ways. Further arrangements- and there maybe many-between the NHS and DeepMind will becarefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessarypermissions have been asked of patients and allunnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessonsabout informed patient consent to learn. But privacyis not the only angle in this case and not even themost important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate theblame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it“controlled” the data and DeepMind merely“processed" it. But this distinction misses thepoint that it is processing and aggregation, not themere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from theanalysis of all the data that our lives now generate.Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to anindividual from identifiable knowledge about them.That misses the way the surveillance economy works.The data of an individual there gains its value onlywhen it is pared with the data of countless millionsmore.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants inthis instance feels slightly maladapted. Thispractice does not address the real worry. It is notenough to say that the algorithms DeepMind developswill benefit patients and save lives. What matters isthat they will belong to a private monopoly whichdeveloped them using public resources. If softwarepromises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can,big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm hasdone. We are still at the beginning of thisrevolution and small choices now may turn out to havegigantic consequences later. A long struggle will beneeded to avoid a future of digital feudalism. MsDenham's report is a wele start.31. Wha is true of the agreement between the NHSand DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient' srights.[C] It fell short of the latter's expectationsED] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdictwith[A] empty promises.[B] tough resistance.[C] necessary adjustments.[D] sincere apologies.33. The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protection must be secured at allcosts.[B] leaking patients1 data is worse than sellingit.[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.[D] the value of data es from the processing of it34. According to the last paragraph, the real worryarising from this deal is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35. The author1s attitude toward the application ofAI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous.[B] cautious.EC] appreciative.[D] contemptuous.考研英语一阅读历年真题4Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize isindeed an interesting experiment, as AlexanderPolyakov said when he accepted this year' s award inMarch. And it is far from the only one of its type.As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, astring of lucrative awards for researchers havejoined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, likethe Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from thetelephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internetentrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded intheir chosen fields, they say, and they want to usetheir wealth to draw attention to those who havesucceeded in science.What' s not to like? Quite a lot, according to ahandful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. Youcannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and theseupstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes theprestige of the Nobels, The new awards are anexercise in self-promotion for those behind them, sayscientists. They could distort the achievement-basedsystem of peer-review-led research. They could cementthe status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do notfund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the mythof the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered asthe criticism. Some want to shock, others to drawpeople into science, or to better reward those whohave made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are somelegitimate concerns about how science prizes- bothnew and old- are distributed. The Breakthrough Prizein Life Sciences, launched this year, takes anunrepresentative view of what the life sciencesinclude. But the Nobel Foundation' s limit of threerecipients per prize, each of whom must still beliving, has long been outgrown by the collaborativenature of modern research— as will be demonstrated bythe inevitable row over who is ignored when it es toacknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. TheNobels were, of course,themselves set up by a very-rich individual who had decided what he wanted to dowith his own money. Time, rather than intention, hasgiven them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may plain about the newawards, two things seem clear. First, mostresearchers would accept such a prize if they wereoffered one. Second, it is surely a good thing thatthe money and attention e to science rather than goelsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question themechanism- that is the culture of research, afterall— but it is the prize-givers' money to do with asthey please. It is wise to take such gifts withgratitude and grace.真题解析：文章主题及背景知识：此篇阅读的主题内容为“ 基础物理学奖”，如果对于这一背景信息有所了解，这篇文章便可轻松看懂，做题更是十拿九稳！ 与 20XX年相比，20XX考研阅读文章同样注重时效性，Text3便是反应了 20XX年 3 月份的一次实时事件：基础物理学基金会于3 月 2 0 日晚在瑞士日内瓦揭晓了 20XX年基础物理学奖!所以20XX考研的同学们一定要多多关注社会热点话题，拓展视野，丰富自己的文化背景知识，这样才能取得事半功倍的效果！文章讲到的是关于和诺贝尔奖一样的奖金丰厚的奖项出现，这些奖项就是由一些网络的公司或者是一些新贵们他们得出这样大量的钱，当然会遭出一些批评，这些奖项还是没法和诺贝尔奖相比的，阶级是没法改变的，名望是没法购买的。

当然这一系列的东西，在前三段当中谈到之后，到了最后一段，作者表明他的观点，纵然这些对科学家的奖励在奖项上存在着一些瑕疵，存在着一些不合理的地方但是对于科学家来说，有人给你钱支持你的研究，终归是好的也就是说从31到 35 题基本上没有难题，也没有可以去争议的，也是既所得的文章31. T h e F u n d a m e n t a l P h y s i c a l P r i z e i s s e e n a s[ A ] a s y m b o l o f t h e e n t r e p r e n e u r s s w e a l t h .[ B ] a p o s s i b l e r e p l a c e m e n t o f t h e N o b e l P r i z e .[ C ] a n e x a m p l e o f b a n k e r s ' i n v e s t m e n t .[ D ] a h a n d s o m e r e w a r d f o r r e s e a r c h e r s .答案：A为细节题。

根据题干中的Fu n dam en t al P h y s i csP r i z e可以定位到第一段，但除此之外就没有其他细节提示信息了，所以我们只能根据几个选项去定位，分别根据选项中的 en t r ep r en eu r s 、N o bel P r i z e> i n v es t m en t 、r ew ar d 去定位，在第一段末句找到了与A 选项相一致的句子，则判定A选项正确3 2 . Th e p h r as e “ t o s i g n o n ” ( Li n e 3 , P ar a. 2 ) m o s tp r o babl y m ean s[A]t h e p r o f i t - o r i en t ed s ci en t i s t s .[B]t h e f o u n der s o f t h e n ew aw ar d.[C]t h e ach i ev em en t - bas ed s y s t em .[D]p eer - r ev i ew - l ed r es ear ch .答案：B 为细节题。

根据题干中的critics定位到第三段，可知第二段没有出题，从第三段第二句可以得出本道题的正确选项，who have made their careers in research 即为 B 选项中的The founderso33. What promoted the chancellor to develop hisscheme?[A]controversies over the recipients' status.[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.[C]legitimate concerns over the new prize.[D]the demonstration of research findings.答案： D 为细节题本道题如果从题干中看更像是例证题，但题目中说道the case involves即问例子本身，所以为一道细节题我们在第四段倒数第三句中找到了 Higgsboson,定位到本句可以得知 nature of modern research---as well as demonstrated by... 即为本道题正确答案。

34. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployedmakes one one feel[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.ED]History has never cast doubt on them.答案： A 为判断题此类题型是考试中的一个难点，在题干中提示信息非常少，所以我们需要根据每个选项分别定位A 选项的durance定位到本段最后一句timeB 选项根据l eg i t i m acy 定位到第一句C 选项没有提到D 选项从最后一段可以验证确实是收到了质疑，B 选项和原文不符，可以得知答案为A3 5 . To w h i ch o f t h e f o l l o w i n g w o u l d t h e au t h o r m o s tp r o babl y ag r ee?[A]accep t abl e des p i t e t h e cr i t i ci s m .[B]h ar m f u l t o t h e cu l t u r e o f r es ear ch .[C]s u bj ect t o u n des i r abl e ch an g es .[D]u n w o r t h y o f p u bl i c at t en t i o n .答案： A 为主旨题。

本题属于作者观点，出在最后一段则说明更多体现了文章的主旨，因为还有一个段落对应，则我们可以在最后一段找答案，根据题干中的aw ar d我们可以得知全文的最后一句明确体现了作者的观点，故选A。