
不正当比较广告的法律规制分析——以蓝月亮诉宝洁一案为例.doc
38页AbstractThe developed market economy makes advertising boom, in return, the prosperity of the advertising industry is driving the rapid development of the market economy. Just as what France advertising critic Robert • Lalan said: ”the air we breathe, is made up of oxygen, nitrogen and advertising". As to that we can see how important advertising is in our lives. Among the various forms of advertising, comparative advertising shows its superiority .which is colorful and active in this arena in the information age. From the point of view of market economy, comparative advertising has promoted industry competition and protected consumers rights. However, some ads are a red herring, undermining fair competition in the social order, violating the legitimate rights and interests of other operators and consumers. It was vividly described that the comparative advertising is "armed with chains of dance" and "dancing on the edge of a precipice". In short, there are both the advantages and disadvantages of comparative advertising, it is a urgent problem for our legislature to take advantage of comparative advertising,and promote fair comparative advertising regulation.This article is divided into five parts, the contents are summarized as follows:Part I: in this section, a typical litigation of comparative ad "Blue Moon Procter and unfair competition litigation" is given as an example, and clear overview of this lawsuit case lawsuits follows, whose focus is whether "New Tide" deterge nt effect is objectively true and whether Procter advertisi ng is down grading the "Blue Moon" collar clear reputati on.Part II: in this section, taking HBlue Moon Procter and unfair competition litigation" as the logical basis, the author makes a reference for the rest of the world to define advertising and unfair comparative advertising and furthers the distinction from four aspects・Part III: in this section, the author classified unfair comparative advertising as misleading,the commercial acts of slander and other unlawful method from the perspective of unfair comparative advertising extension, and make a detailed analysis of the forms and criterion for their behavior and so on.IV part: in this section, as the above and some related to legislative practice of comparative ad ,1 can come to an conclusion that Procter and company behavior constituting on blue moon company does not due competition and *new jigs stains* washing powder effect does not real and the advertising has degraded Blue Moons reputation.Part five: in this section, I start from different situations of legal status of legislation to note gaps in the legislation of Chinas comparative advertising and propose some observations and recommendations on how to perfect Chinas legislation of comparative advertising.Keywords: Unfair comparative advertising; Standard; Forms; Regulations; Legal perfection引言 1 —、蓝月亮诉宝洁一案及其争议焦点 2(-)案情简介 2(二)争议要点 3二、 不正当比较广告的法律界定 4(—)比较广告和不正当比较广告的内涵 4(二)不正当比较广告的认定标准 5三、 不正当比较广告的主要表现形式 8(―)误导行为 8(二) 商业诋毁行为 10(三) 其它不正当的比较方法 12四、 宝洁公司比较广告性质的认定 13(―)〃新汰渍"洗衣粉的功效是否客观真实 13(二)噺汰渍〃广告是否贬低了 〃蓝月亮"衣领净的声誉 14五、 我国不正当出较广告规制制度的缺陷及完善 15(―)我国比较广告的立法现状 15(二) 不正当比较广告规制制度的缺陷 16(三) 不正当出较广告规制制度的完善 18参考文献 22致谢 24不正当比较广告法律规制研究引言(―)研究意义比较广告是一把〃双刃剑〃。
正当的比较广告有助于商家迅速抢占市场,提升产品 在市场竞争中的知名度;而不正当的比较广告则不仅侵犯了其它竞争者和消费者的合法 权益,也破坏了公平竞争的社会秩序从理论上对出较广告规制进行厘定,让比较广告 扬长避短,成为各国和地区立法界共同尖注的对象我国对比较广告的规制尚不完善・《广告法》和其它法律法规等对比较广告未能正 面、直接的规定,以致在实践中比较广告现象混乱・审判中法官自由裁量权限过大通 过立法将正当比较广告和不正当比较广告从法律角度界定清楚•不仅能促进同行业间的 积极竞争•保障消费者的知情权•也维护了社会主义市场经济的正常秩序二) 研究综述美国是最早鼓励使用比较广告的国家.其立法规制主要表现为《兰哈姆法》,该法 对比较广告的规制是原则性的,这与英美法系的判例法传统是一致的•与之相对应的,欧 盟对比较广告规制则比较严格•操作性较强,体现了欧盟成员之间的博弈我国在对 比较广告规制上则处于灰色区域,这不仅损害了竞争者和消费者的合法权益•也破坏了 正常的社会市场秩序,因此•我们有必要将比较广告规制纳入日程•从而规范正常的社 会竞争秩序三) 研究方法—是实证分析法•通过对一则比较广告案例进行具体解析,构建比较广告法律规制 理论;二是比较分析法,通过对国内外比较广告立法体例研究・提出我国比较广告的立 法缺陷和提出完善建议。
四)研究创新以前有尖比较广告的著作和论文一般是从宏观理论建构角度进行解析•而对于微观 方面的不正当比较广告案例未能进行指导和解决鉴于此,笔者在论文中作出以下创新: 一是写作思路笔者以一则经典的比较广告案例为出发点来解析不正当比较广告的法律 规制,尽管理论上存在不够全面,但却较为系统的提供了解决实际生活中比较广告纷争 的一个样板二是主要观点针对我国出较广告立法规制的完善.笔者在借鉴国外立法 的基础上进行了梳理,对一些对策进行深化和具化蓝月亮诉宝洁一案及其争议焦点(-)案情简介广州蓝月亮有限责任公司(以下简称〃蓝月亮〃)是一家从事家庭清洁剂生产的日 化用品企业,旗下有衣领净等产品蓝月亮公司衣领净产品中一种250ml规格的挤压式 包装瓶系广州市道明化学有限公司授予蓝月亮公司独占使用,该包装瓶国家专利局授予 了广州市道明化学有限公司专利权,其在外形上具有独特性因此,在中国内地市场只 有蓝月亮公司合法使用此包装瓶自1999年9月幵始・宝洁(中国)有限公司和广州浪奇宝洁有限公司(以下两家 简称"宝洁")在国内多个电视台播出宣传新一代多功能汰渍洗衣粉的广告在广告中,宝 洁把与〃蓝月亮"衣领净相同样式的包装瓶配以黑白画面后跟〃新汰渍"洗衣粉进行 对比演示和说明。
广告中使用了 〃衣领最难洗,一定要用衣领净;新一代多功能汰渍,可 不这样认为;用全新汰渍,很脏的衣服,不用衣领净,都能洗得干干净净……用汰渍•不需 用衣领净1"的广告语另外,在广告中,色彩鲜艳的〃新汰渍"洗衣粉在与〃蓝月 亮〃衣领净作一番比较后将其遮挡住•予以〃新汰渍〃洗衣粉将取而代之之意该广 告在很大程度上使消费者对〃蓝月亮"衣领净产生误解,进而选择使用〃新汰渍〃洗衣1载自 http://www.gdiD 年8月20日不正当比较广告法律规制研究粉,从而对蓝月亮产品销售市场产生了消极影响•也在一定程度上贬低了蓝月亮衣领净 的声誉,涉嫌构成不正当竞争据此• 1999年12月,蓝月亮公司以宝洁公司不正当竞争为由将其推上被告席二)争议要点当这场历时一年多的不正当竞争案经过一审、二审最终以广州蓝月亮公司完胜而声 名鹊起时,人们不禁惊讶于一个小小的民营企业缘何能将一个来自美国的一流跨国公司 击败让我们再次审视一下蓝月亮公司和宝洁公司之争中围绕哪些法律问题或社会问题 展开争辩1. 〃新汰渍〃洗衣粉的功效是否客观真实宝洁公。












