高级英语第三版第二册第五课TheSadYoungMen课件.ppt

高级英语（第三版）第二册第五课￿The￿Sad￿Young￿MenTeaching Aims•To familiarize students with the social conditions of American 1920’s•To help students to understand the author’s attitude and intention in the text•To help students to appreciate the argumentative writing technique•To require students to memorize all the new words in the textBackground informationVictorian Morality PuritanismHOMEProhibition Greenwich VillageBohemian lifeThe Roaring 20’sTextual StructureIntroductionPara 1DevelopmentPara 2-9ConclusionPara 10-11General Questions on the text1)What is the purpose of the text?2)What is the attitude of the writer towards the ‘Lost Generation’?Detailed Study Introduction (para 1)Questions :1)How does the writer introduce the topic?2)What have you learned about the lives of the 20’s USA? 3)What is the general impression of the 20’s USA?4)Why is the answer a ‘yes’ and ‘no’ at the same time?Words and Expressions•sensationally romanticized: treated in a passionate, idealized manner to shock thrill and rouse the interest of people.•nostalgic: looking for something far away or long ago or for former happy circumstance 怀旧的怀旧的•deliciously illicit thrill: deliciously: pleasantly, illicit: illegal an improper action but very enjoyable and exciting•Speakeasy: (Americanism) a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegally, esp. such a place in the U.S. during Prohibition•parked sedan: in a sedan car parked on lonely country roads•flask-toting: always carrying a small flask filled with whisky or other strong liquor•Sheik: (Americanism) a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistibly attracted•Flapper: (Americanism) in the 1920s, a young woman considered bold and unconventional in action and dress.•vagary: an odd, eccentric, or unexpected action or bit of conduct.•degeneration: moral corruption, depravity•see in perspective: to view or judge things or events in a way that show their true relations to one anotherPara.11)No aspect of life in the Twenties has been more commented upon and sensationally romanticized than the so called Revolt of the Younger Generation.2)The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young.3)deliciously illicit thrill; speakeasy; fashionable denunciation of Puritan morality; fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; jazz parties, flask-totting ‘sheik’; moral and stylistic vagaries of the ‘flapper’; drugstore cowboy4)…because what seemed so wild, irresponsible, and immoral in social behavior at the time can now be seen in perspective as being something considerably less sensational than the degeneration of our jazzmad youth.Paraphrasing•After World War I, during the 1920s, every aspect of life in the United States has been commented upon, but the so-called Younger Generation has been more commented upon than all the other aspects, and usually the Revolt has been idealized and talked in passionate way.•At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly and young people become curios and start asking all kinds of questions.•When we look back now to those days and view things in their true relations to one another, we see that the social behavior of the young people was not very wild, irresponsible, and immoral. Their behavior was far from being as sensational as the degeneration of jazzmad youth. para 2-9para 2-9StructurePreconditions of the RevoltGoing to the WarReturning from the WarPara 2-3InternationalDomesticEnvironmentsPara 4Escape in the form ofBohemian lifePara 5Eager to participatePara 6Disillusioned withwar & countryPara 7Greenwich set patternPara 8Whole country followed suitPara 9Disappointedexpatriatedto EuropePlease give the main idea of each paragraph Para 2: The revolt was a logical outcome of conditions in the age. (international environment)Para 3: The rejection of Victorian gentility was inevitable. (Domestic environment)Para 4: The revolt was in a form of escape under cover of Bohemian way of life made possible by the prosperity of the 20’s American economy.Para 5: American youths were eager to go to battle.Para 6: The soldiers returned, disillusioned with the war and the country, angry.Para 7:Greenwich Village set the pattern of living and writing.Para 8: The whole country imitated their life style.Para 9: Disappointed with the country and people, the intellectuals emigrated to Europe.Para 2 Questions to consider1.What was the international environment for the Revolt?2.Why did the Americans have to change their polity?3.What does the ‘first serious war’ refer to?4.In Sentence 3), what does ‘provincial morality’, ‘artificial walls’ and ‘geographical protection of two oceans’ mean respectively?5.How do you interpret the sentence that ‘the international statue …would prevent us from retreating…”?Words and Expressions•logical outcome: necessary and expected consequence.•confined to: limited to•aftermath: a result or consequence, esp. an unpleasant one.•international stature: to develop and grow into a nation respected and esteemed by all other nations in the world.•provincial: narrow, limited like that of rural provinces.•bordering oceans: the Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.Paraphrasing•Second, it was reluctantly realized by some –subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.1.Some people in the United States fully understood, though unwillingly, that the United States could no longer remain isolated politically or in matters of social customs and practices. If these people did not state their views openly, at least, they understood it subconsciously.2.We have become a world power so we can no longer in our action just follow the principles of right and wrong as accepted in our own country, nor can we remain isolated geographically protected by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. In other words, the United States can no longer pursue a policy of isolationism.Para 3 Questions to consider1.What were the features of modern industry?2.What role did the war play in the Revolt and in the young generation?3.What attitude did “the mass murder” and “shooting” reveal of the writer view of the war?Words and Expressions•gentility: the quality of being genteel; specifically, excessive or affected refinement and elegance 有教有教养养,温文尔雅温文尔雅•aggressiveness: bold and energetic pursuit of one’s end, enterprise•booming: rapid growth or development.•impersonality: lack of personal or human character; the quality of not involving personal feelings.•fashion: train or influence into a particular state or character; produce, make, create.•bustle: hurry busily or with much fuss and bother•precipitate: throw headlong; cause to happen before expected, needed, bring on,•obsolescent: becoming obsolete, in the process of passing out of use or useless;Paraphrasing1. The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable. In any case, America could not avoid casting aside its middle-class responsibility and affected refinement.2. War or no war, as the generation passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept… With or without a war, as one generation followed another, the young people found it increasingly difficult to accept standards of behavior that seemed in no way to be related to the noisy, busy world of business, and it was in this bustling business world that they were expected to become successful.3. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure. The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.Para 4 Questions to consider:1.What did the young generation try to escape from?2.What made it possible for them to take up the Bohemian way of life?3.What does it mean by ‘ international responsibilities’? Words and Expressions•mores: customs, esp. the fixed or traditional customs of a society, often acquiring the force of law.•faddishness: the following of fashion•hectic: characterized by excitement, rush, confusion, etc.•perversion: corruption•orgy: any wild riotous licentious merry-making; •spree: a lively, noisy frolic•reveller: a person who makes merry or is noisily festive•sober up: free from drunkenness, be clear-headed after drunkenness.Paraphrasing1. Thus in a changing world youth was faced with the challenge of bringing our mores up to date. Thus in a world where everything was changing, our young people had to take up the demanding task of reforming our traditional social customs in order to keep up with this changing world.2. It was tempted…immorality: In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily. They pretended to live like unconventional artists or poets, breaking the moral code of the community.3. The much-publicized…escapism: This much reported wild and riotous life the intellectuals in Greenwich Village and their defiant open declarations of their motives and intentions provided the young people with a philosophy that could justify their escapism.4. The crash … to sober up: metaphor The Great Economic Depression which started in the United States in 1929 brought the young escapists back to their senses and stopped the wild, riotous lives they were living.Para 5-- Questions to consider1)What was the war like in the young generation’s mind?2)What did they believe the war could do?Words and Expressionsstalemate: any unresolved situation in which further action is impossible or useless; deadlock 僵持僵持insolence: being boldly disrespectful in speech or behavior; imprudencebelligerent (n. adj.) at war; of warstrenuous: vigorous, arduous, zealous, etc.jingoism: chauvinism characterized by an aggressive, threatening, warlike foreign policy.strife: a struggle, fight, or quarrelfracas: a noisy fight or loud quarrel; brawldissolve into: fade outinfantry: foot soldiers collectivelyharass: trouble, worry, or torment, as with cares, debts, repeated questionsdraft: the choosing or taking of an individual or individuals from a group for some special purpose, esp. for compulsory military serviceunabated: sustaining an original intensity or maintaining full force with no decrease Paraphrasing1. Our young men began to enlist under foreign flags. Our young me joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.2. They wanted… belly up: The young people wanted to take part in the glorious adventure before the whole war ended.3. The strife…San Juan Hill. The Civil War of 1861 – 1865 was always portrayed in the movies and in stories as a highly sentimental drama and the war with Spain in 1898 always ended in a scene in a movie showing the one-sided victory at Manila or the Americans charging up San Juan Hill.4. More than enough otherwise sensible boys…. who were sensible in many other ways.5. The enlistment craze continued unabated People kept on going to join the army without any reducing of their enthusiasmPara 6-- Questions to consider1.How did they find out when they returned home?2.What made them feel unbearable? Words and Expressionsspirit of carnival: festive spirit, spirit of revelry and merry-makingdissipate: become less, disappear completelycontingent: a share, proportion, or quota, as of troops, delegates, etc.bombast: talk or writing that sounds grand or important but has little meaning; pompous language.recession: a temporary falling off of business activity during a period when such activity has been generally increasing.problem children: children that are difficult to handle.whip up: rouse, exciteoutmoded: no longer in fashion or acceptedsodden: dull or stupefied, as from overindulgence in liquorsmug: pleased with oneself as how good and kind they are.Paraphrasing1. The eager young men had a good taste of twentieth-century warfare. metaphor. They had real or thorough experience of the war.2. To their lasting glory, they fought with distinction. The young people fought very bravely and well and as a result they will always be honored and admired.3. Fourth-of July bombast: pompous and patriotic speeches made during the Fourth of July celebrations4. They had outgrown town and families …understand. metaphor, comparing their unsuitability to growing too large for one’s clothes. These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families. They suddenly felt very confused and weary of the world. They and their relatives could not understand why this happened.5. Resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence: to resume living and behaving simply and innocently as the former Victorian social structure required them to do.6. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to ‘give’: something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down. Para 7-- Words and ExpressionsQuestionsWhat pattern did the Greenwich Village set up?What was Greenwich Village well-known for?dubious: rousing suspicion; feeling doubt; skepticalharbor: provide shelter forBabbitry: title character of “Main Street” by Sinclair Lewis – a smugly conventional person interested chiefly in business and social success and indifferent to cultural values.flock to: swarm to, go in large numbersflout: be scornful; show contempt; jeer, scoffParaphrasing•Greenwich Village set the pattern. metonymy. The writers and artists living in Greenwich Village set the example with other young intellectuals throughout the country follow.•The village had long enjoyed a dubious reputation for Bohemianism and eccentricity. Greenwich Village had long been widely but unfavorably known for its unconventional and nonconforming way of life.•Greenwich Village harbored enough major writers. Greenwich Village provided shelter for enough major writers.•It was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against was…artistic centre. Metonymy, “pens” standing for their writing. It was only natural that hopeful writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center.Para 8-- Words and ExpressionsQuestion to considerHow did the Americans react to the fashion?•defy: show disobedience•conflagration: a big, destructive fire•fast: living in a reckless, wild, dissipated way•pulpit: preachers collectively•obliquely: indirectly or evasively•vulgar: common to the great mass of people in general; common; popularParaphrasing1. Soon they found their imitators among the non-intellectuals. Soon there appeared many young people who were not writers or artists but who imitated them.2. …to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth” metaphor. Many other young people began to intensify and spread this revolt of the young by their own misdeeds.3. it was Greenwich Village that fanned the flames. Metonymy and metaphor. The young intellectuals living in Greenwich Village helped to keep the revolt alive and to spread it throughout the country.4.Each town had its “fast” set. Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.5. Who had suffered no real disillusion…vulgar rebellion. metaphor, comparing unconventional lives to playing with toys. These young brothers and sisters did not take part in the war, so they had no feeling of real disillusionment or loss. Nevertheless they began to imitate the manners of their elders and live the unconventional and nonconforming lives of those who were rebelling against society.Para 9– Questions to consider1.Why did the intellectuals feel disappointed with the national imitation?2.What was the theme of the book “Civilization of the United States”?3.What did the intellectuals do at last? Why? Words and Expressions•avid: having an ardent desire or unbounded crazing, greedy.•acute : extremely sharp or severe; intense.•susceptible to: easily affected emotionally; having a sensitive nature of feelings•diatribe: a bitter, abusive criticism or denunciation •boobery: same as “Babbitry”, smug, self-satisfied, conformist in cultural matters.•grandiose: having grandeur or magnificence; imposing; impressive.•burden: a principal or recurring idea, a theme.•adjunct: something attached to another in a dependent or subordinate position.•crook: one who makes a living by dishonest methods.•glint: a momentary flash of light, a sparkle.•expatriate: withdraw oneself from one’s native land or from allegiance to it.Paraphrasing1. The true intellectuals were far from flattered. They were not at all pleased or satisfied.2. Their ideas had been…Rotary luncheon. People did not pay attention to their ideas. Instead their Bohemian manners and behavior were imitated by everybody. This wild and eccentric way of life became as standard and conventionalized as a Rotary luncheon.3. Flaming diatribes poured from their pens denouncing… They began to write bitter, abusive criticism denouncing the materialism the materialism and cultural Babbitry of American society.4. Journalism was a mere adjunct to moneymaking. Journalism is only a tool that helps businessmen to make money.5.Since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar. metaphor and metonymy. The American people are not moved or stirred by anything. They are only conscious of money and wealth.6. There was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to… The young sensitive intellectuals could find no cure for their worries and anxieties in America.Part 3 (10-11) Conclusion•What was the writer’s conclusion of the “lost Generation”?•DO you agree?Para 10-- Words and ExpressionsQuestions:What common feature did the writing express?Why did they return to America?denominator: a shared characteristic1. In no sense a movement in itself…. The ‘lost generation’ was in no ways a literary movement. It was only a name given by Gertrude Stein to the American expatriates living in Paris2. who, almost to a man, drifted back within a few years out of sphere homesickness. Almost everyone of them came back one after another within a few years to the United States because they all felt unhappy and depressed at being away from home and family.3. To produce works ripened by the tempering of an older, more sophisticated society. They produced works made more mature by the influence and their experience of a more urbane and worldly-wise society (of Europe)Para 11-- Words and ExpressionsQuestion to consider:What did the writer think of the ‘lost generation’? Why?iconoclastic: opposing to the religious use of images or advocating the destruction of such imagessterile: barren, unfruitfulwrite off: to drop from consideration; ignoreflay: criticize or scold mercilesslyParaphrasingsuch figures as… even by itself in a moment of self-pity: no one could ignore this period and consider it non-productive for this decade produced many famous writers such as…. Even in a moment of self-pity these writers themselves cannot but admit that their decade was a very productive one.。