低阶煤兰炭干馏炉热工特性研究及工艺参数优化.pdf

西安建筑科技大学硕士论文 低阶煤兰炭干馏炉热工特性研究及工艺参数优化 专 业：材料加工工程材料加工工程 硕 士 生：陈海波陈海波 指导教师：华建社华建社 教授教授 摘 要 陕北榆林地区的煤炭资源丰富，煤种属于弱粘、不粘的低阶长焰煤，具有低灰、低硫、低磷、高碳、高挥发分的特点，是优质的低温干馏煤种目前榆林地区主要采用内热式低温干馏获得兰炭（半焦） 、焦油、煤气，该工艺具有设备简单，投资低，生产率高等特点，在陕北榆林地区应用广泛因此，积极开展低阶长焰煤干馏综合利用技术的研究，开发煤低温干馏新工艺、新技术，尽快形成适合低阶煤加工生产成套装备与技术，将对煤炭源综合利用具有重要意义 本文针对陕北榆林地区煤低温干馏技术的生产现状，介绍了 JS 方型低温干馏炉炉型结构、低温干馏工艺过程通过入炉物料（原煤）与出炉物料（半焦、焦油、煤气等）测量，进行长焰煤干馏实验分析了原煤质量、入煤气炉成分以及兰炭质量对干馏工艺的影响利用温度、流量、压力、红外等检测仪表对 JS 低温干馏炉进行热工测试，分析了炉内温度分布、压力分布、炉内气体气氛对干馏工艺的影响，说明了 JS 方型低温干馏炉的热工特点通过干馏炉物料平衡和热平衡的测算，得出 JS 干馏炉热工效率为 83.87%。

研究结果表明，JS 干馏炉适合于长焰煤的低温干馏工艺，炉型结构简单、干馏耗热量低、生产率高；将原煤粒度控制在 20~150mm，可使干馏炉内各煤层气流压力分布合理、加热温度均匀、反应充分；将干馏带温度控制在 600~680℃，可以确保兰炭质量，提高焦油产率根据企业的生产条件，可采用煤气富氧燃烧加热方法提高煤气热值，实现长焰煤内热低温干馏综合利用 关键词：SJ-兰炭干馏炉；低温干馏；物料平衡；热平衡；热效率 西安建筑科技大学硕士论文 The Thermal Evaluation and Parameters Optimization of Low Temperature Coal Carbonization Furnace Specialty: Materials Processing Engineering Name:Chen Haibo Instructor: Hua Jianshe Abstract The North Shanxi area is rich in coal resources. In North Shanxi area, the long flame coal (weakly caking or non-stick) has the main features: high carbon content, high volatility, high activity; low sulfur, low phosphorus, and low ash coal mostly. Using this coal as a raw material for pyrolysis reaction, and the products includes charcoal blue, gas and tar. The low-temperature carbonization has the advantages of high efficiency, simple structure,and easy operation . In order to creat a new technology and production equipment,the low-temperature carbonization utilization technology research should develops fast .It has made a outstanding contributions to comprehensive utilization of coal . For SJ-low-temperature carbonization production status, the theory of low-temperature carbonization furnace structure features were analyzed and summarized. In view of the coal ingredients ,the gas composition ingredients and the semi-coke ingredients，the thermal evaluation and analysis is introduced. Discussion on the factors influencing the process of low temperature carbonization about the temperature distribution,the pressure distribution and the furnace atmosphere. Through the thermal measurement system get the material balance and the thermal balance calculation .The results showed that the thermal efficiency is 83.87％. The study showed that the low-temperature carbonization has the advantages of, low heat consumption,simple structure,and high efficiency .Keep the raw coal grain size in 20 ~ 150mm can be effective in improving the the gas pressure distribution value and the carbonization reaction. Keep the temperature in 600~680℃ is good to the gas calorific value and tar yield. Combined with the actual production situation, using the oxygen enriched carbonization can be effective in combustible component content of the gas, and 西安建筑科技大学硕士论文 improve the level of comprehensive utilization of low temperature carbonization. Keywords: SJ-ow-temperature carbonization furnace; low-temperature carbonization； heat balance; material balance; thermal efficiency 西安建筑科技大学硕士论文 I目 录 1 绪论绪论 ...............................................................................................................................1 1.1 引言.........................................................................................................................1 1.2 低温干馏技术发展情况.........................................................................................2 1.2.1 国外低温干馏技术研究现状 ..........................................................................2 1.2.2 国内低温干馏技术研究现状 ..........................................................................3 1.3 课题研究的背景、意义及内容.............................................................................5 1.3.1 陕北地区煤低温干馏技术应用现状 ..............................................................5 1.3.2 陕北地区低温干馏技术存在的问题 ..............................................................5 1.3.3 课题研究内容 ..................................................................................................6 2 煤低温干馏基础煤低温干馏基础 ...........................................................................................................7 2.1 煤干馏.....................................................................................................................7 2.1.1 煤的干馏过程 ..................................................................................................7 2.1.2 煤低温干馏过程中的化学反应 ......................................................................8 2.1.3 煤干馏的影响因素 ........................................................................................10 2.2 煤的低温干馏.......................................................................................................13 2.2.1 低温干馏产品的性质 ....................................................................................14 2.2.2 煤低温干馏工艺设备 ....................................................................................14 2.3 干馏炉炉型结构与工艺.......................................................................................15 2.3.1 干馏炉设计基础 .。