voa慢速英语基本单词.pdf

PARTS OF SPEECHn. (noun) - a name wordv. (verb) - an action wordad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing wordprep, (preposition) - a word used to show a relationpro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a nounconj. (conjunction) - a joining wordAa (an) - ad. one; any; eachable - v. having the power to do somethingabout - ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("Wetalk about theweather.")above - ad. at a higher placeaccept - v. to agree to receiveaccident - n. something that happens by chance or mistake; anunplanned eventaccuse - v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; tomake a statementagainst someoneacross - ad. from side to side; to the other sideact - v. to do somethingactivist - n. one who seeks change through actionactor - n. someone acting in a play or showadd - v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to saymoreadministration - n. the executive part of a government, usuallyheaded by apresident or prime ministeradmit - v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to expressone's guilt orresponsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.")adult - n. a grown personadvise - v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making adecisionaffect - v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleepaffected the singer'sperformance.")afraid - ad. feeling fearafter - ad. later; behindagain - ad. another time; as beforeagainst - ad. opposed to; not agreeing with somethingage - n. how old a person or thing isagency - n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("anagency of the UnitedNations")aggression - n. an attack against a person or country; the violationof a country'sbordersago - ad. of time past; before nowagree - v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to dosomethingagriculture - n. farmingaid - v. to help; to support; n. help, assistanceaim - v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purposeair - n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen andoxygen, that webreatheair force - n. a military organization using airplanesairplane - n. a vehicle with wings that fliesairport - n. a place where airplanes take off and landalbum - n. a collection of recorded musicalcohol - n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, usedas a drug or inindustrial productsalive - ad. having life; not deadall - ad. everything; everyone; the complete amountally - n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purposealmost - ad. a little less than completelyalone - ad. separated from othersalong - ad. near or on ("along the road")already - ad. before now; even nowalso - ad. added to; tooalthough - conj. even if it is true thatalways - ad. at all times; every timeambassador - n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (toanothergovernment)amend - v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law)ammunition - n. the bullets or shells fired from gunsamong - ad. in or part of (a group)amount - n. the number, size or weight of anythinganarchy - n. a lack of order; lawlessnessancestor - n. a family member from the pastancient - ad. very old; long agoand - conj. also; in addition to; withanger - n. a strong emotion against someone or somethinganimal - n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or catanniversary - n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event thathappened in thepastannounce - v. to make known publicly; to declare officiallyanother - ad. one more; a different oneanswer - n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make astatement after beingasked a questionany - ad. one or more of no special kindapologize - v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for whichone acceptsresponsibilityappeal - v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision;to call onsomebody for helpappear - v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seemappoint - v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge")approve - v. to agree with; to agree to supportarcheology - n. the scientific study of past human life and activitiesarea - n. any place or part of itargue - v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; todisagreearms - n. military equipment; weaponsarmy - n. military ground forcesaround - ad. on every side (of)arrest - v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisonerarrive - v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a tripart - n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings,music, writing orstatuesartillery - n. big gunsas - conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; whileash - n. the part left after something burnsask - v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask theteacher questionsevery day.")assist - v. to helpastronaut - n. a person who travels in spaceastronomy - n. the scientific study of stars and the universeasylum - n. political protection given by a government to a personfrom anothercountryat - prep, in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("atnoon")atmosphere - n. the gases surrounding any star or planetattach - v. to tie together; to connectattack - n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start afightattempt - v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effortattend - v. to be present atautomobile - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a carautumn - n. the time of the year between summer and winteraverage - n. something (a number) representing the middle; mon; normalavoid - v. to stay away fromawake - ad. not sleepingaward - n. an honor or prize for an act or serviceaway - ad. not nearBbaby - n. a newly born creatureback - n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forwardbad - ad. wrong; acting against the law; not goodbalance - v. to make two sides or forces equalball - n. something roundballoon - n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filledwith gas lighterthan airballot - n. a piece of paper used for votingban - v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restrictionbank - n. an organization that keeps and lends moneybar - v. to prevent or blockbarrier - n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficultbase - n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her researchwas based onexperiments.")battle - n. a fight between opposing armed forcesbe - v. to live; to happen; to existbeat - v. to hit again and againbeauty - ad. that which pleases the eye, ear or spiritbecause - prep, for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.")become - v. to come to bebed - n. a sleeping placebefore - prep, earlierbegin - v. to do the first part of an action; to startbehind - ad. at the back of; in back ofbelieve - v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trustbell - n. an instrument that makes a musical sound ("a church bell")belong - v. to be owned by; to be a member ofbelow - ad. lower thanbest - ad. the most goodbetray - v. to turn against; to be false tobetter - ad. more good thanbetween - ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to theother ("talksbetween two nations")big - ad. of great size; not smallbill - n. a legislative proposalbiology - n. the scientific study of life or living things in all theirformsbird - n. a creature that fliesbite - v. to cut with the teethblack - ad. dark; having the color like that of the night skyblame - v. to accuse; to hold responsibleblanket - n. a cloth cover used to keep warmbleed - v. to lose bloodblind - ad. not able to seeblock - v. to stop something from being done; to preventmovementblood - n. red fluid in the bodyblow - v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.")blue - ad. having the color like that of a clear skyboat - n. something built to travel on water that carries people orgoodsbody - n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person oranimalboil - v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hotbomb - n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack ordestroy withbombsbone - n. the hard material in the bodybook - n. a long written work for readingborder - n. a dividing line between nationsborn - v. to come to life; to come into existenceborrow - v. to take as a loanboth - ad. not just one of two, but the two togetherbottle - n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquidbottom - ad. the lowest part of somethingbox - n. something to put things into; a container, usually made ofpaper or woodboy - n. a young male personboycott - v. to refuse to take part in or deal withbrain - n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activityof all creaturesbrave - ad. having no fearbread - n. a food made from grainbreak - v. to divide into parts by force; to destroybreathe - v. to take air into the body and let it out againbridge - n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road sopeople and vehiclescan cross from one side to the otherbrief - ad. short; not longbright - ad. giving much light; strong and clear in colorbring - v. to come with somethingbroadcast - v. to send information, stories or music by radio ortelevision; n. a radioor television programbrother - n. a male with the same father or mother as anotherpersonbrown - ad. having the color like that of coffeebudget - n. a spending planbuild - v. to join materials together to make somethingbuilding - n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school,store or placeof entertainmentbullet - n. a small piece of metal shot from a gunburn - v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fireburst - v. to break open suddenlybury - v. to put into the ground and cover with earthbus - n. a public vehicle to carry peoplebusiness - n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; tradebusy - ad. doing something; very activebut - conj. however; other than; yetbuy - v. to get by paying something, usually moneyby - conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by WilliamShakespeare");not later than ("by midnight")ccabinet - n. a group of ministers that helps lead a governmentcall - v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for orrequest ("They calledfor an end to the fighting.")calm - ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tensecamera - n. a device for taking picturescamp - n. a place with temporary housingcampaign - n. a competition by opposing political candidatesseeking support fromvoters; a connected series of military actions during a warcan - v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used tohold liquid or food,usually made of metalcancel - v. to end; to stopcancer - n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly anddestroy parts of thebodycandidate - n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office oran honorcapital - n. the official center of a government; the city where acountry'sgovernment iscapitalism - n. an economic system in which the production of mostgoods andservices is owned and operated for profit by private citizens orcompaniescapture - v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or takeby force; to getcontrol ofcar - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; apart of a traincare - v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interestcareful - ad. acting safely; with much thoughtcarry - v. to take something or someone from one place to anothercase (court) - n. a legal actioncase (medical) - n. an incident of disease ("There was only one caseof chicken poxat the school.")cat - n. a small animal that often lives with humanscatch - v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the handscause - v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces aresultceasefire - n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreementcelebrate - v. to honor a person or event with special activitiescenter - n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a placethat is the mainpoint of an activitycentury - n. one hundred yearsceremony - n. an act or series of acts done in a special wayestablished by traditionchairman - n. a person leading a meeting or an organized groupchampion - n. the best; the winnerchance - n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something willhappenchange - v. to make different; to become differentcharge - v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. astatement inwhich someone is accused of somethingchase - v. to run or go after someone or somethingcheat - v. to get by a trick; to steal fromcheer - v. to shout approval or praisechemicals - n. elements found in nature or made by people;substances used in thescience of chemistrychemistry - n. the scientific study of substances, what they aremade of, how theyact under different conditions, and how they form other substanceschief - n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; mostimportantchild - n. a baby; a boy or girlchildren - n. more than one childchoose - v. to decide between two or morecircle - n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant fromthe center, likean "O"citizen - n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or bylawcity - n. any important large towncivilian - ad. not militarycivil rights - n. the political, economic and social rights given equallyto all people ofa nationclaim - v. to say something as a factclash - n. a battle; v. to fight or opposeclean - v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances("clean water")clear - ad. easy to see or see through; easily understoodclergy - n. a body of officials within a religious organizationclimate - n. the normal weather conditions of a placeclimb - v. to go up or down something by using the feet andsometimes the handsclock - n. a device that measures and shows timeclose - v. to make something not open; ad. near tocloth - n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair andother substancesclothes - n. what people wearcloud - n. a mass of fog high in the skycoal - n. a solid black substance used as fuelcoalition - n. forces, groups or nations joined togethercoast - n. land on the edge of the oceancoffee - n. a drink made from the plant of the same namecold - ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a lowtemperaturecollect - v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand andreceive ("collecttaxes")college - n. a small universitycolony - n. land controlled by another country or governmentcolor - n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red,brown, black,yellow and otherscombine - v. to mix or bring togethercome - v. to move toward; to arrivecommand - v. to order; to have power over somethingcomment - v. to say something about; to express an opinion aboutsomethingcommittee - n. a group of people given special workcommon - ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose")communicate - v. to tell; to give or exchange informationcommunity - n. a group of people living together in one place orareacompany - n. a business organized for trade, industrial or otherpurposescompare - v. to examine what is different or similarcompete - v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another orotherscomplete - ad. having all parts; ended or finishedcomplex - ad. of or having many parts that are difficult tounderstand; not simplecompromise - n. the settlement of an argument where each sideagrees to acceptless than first demandedcomputer - n. an electronic machine for storing and organizinginformation, and forcommunicating with othersconcern - n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear("to beconcerned")condemn - v. to say a person or action is wrong or badcondition - n. something declared necessary to complete anagreement; a person'shealthconference - n. a meetingconfirm - v. to approve; to say that something is trueconflict - n. a fight; a battle, especially a long onecongratulate - v. to praise a person or to express pleasure forsuccess or good luckCongress - n. the organization of people elected to make the laws ofthe UnitedStates (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similarorganization inother countriesconnect - v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to linkconservative - n. one who usually supports tradition and opposesgreat changeconsider - v. to give thought to; to think about carefullyconstitution - n. the written general laws and ideas that form anation's system ofgovernmentcontain - v. to hold; to includecontainer - n. a box, bottle or can used to hold somethingcontinent - n. any of the seven great land areas of the worldcontinue - v. to go on doing or beingcontrol - v. to direct; to have power overconvention - n. a large meeting for a special purposecook - v. to heat food before eating itcool - ad. almost coldcooperate - v. to act or work togethercopy - v. to make something exactly like another; n. somethingmade to look exactlylike anothercorn - n. a food graincorrect - ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is rightcost - n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book isfive dollars."); v.to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.")cotton - n. a material made from a plant of the same namecount - v. to speak or add numberscountry - n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from citiescourt - n. where trials take place; where judges make decisionsabout lawcover - v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything thatis put over aperson or thingcow - n. a farm animal used for its milkcrash - v. to fall violently; to hit with great forcecreate - v. to make; to give life or form tocreature - n. any living being; any animal or humancredit - n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later timecrew - n. a group of people working togethercrime - n. an act that violates a lawcriminal - n. a person who is responsible for a crimecrisis - n. an extremely important time when something maybecome much better orworse; a dangerous situationcriticize - v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; tocondemn; tojudgecrops - n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such asgrains, fruits andvegetablescross - v. to go from one side to another; to go acrosscrowd - n. a large number of people gathered in one placecrush - v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeatcompletelycry - v. to express or show sorrow or painculture - n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group orpopulationcure - v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure thedisease."); n.something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics are a cure forinfection.")curfew - n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close theirbusinessescurrent - n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging tothe present time("She found the report in a current publication.")custom - n. a long-established belief or activity of a peoplecustoms - n. taxes on importscut - v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduceDdam - n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing waterdamage - v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury,usually to thingsdance - v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps,usually to musicdanger - n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or lossdark - ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.")date - n. an expression of time; a day, month and yeardaughter - n. a person's female childday - n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlightdead - ad. not livingdeaf - ad. not able to heardeal - v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem ofpollution."); tobuy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.")debate - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussionor argumentdebt - n. something that is owed; the condition of owingdecide - v. to choose; to settle; to judgedeclare - v. to say; to make a statementdecrease - v. to make less in size or amountdeep - ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottomdefeat - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; thecondition of havinglostdefend - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protectdeficit - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater thanearnings, orimports are greater than exportsdefine - v. to give the meaning of; to explaindegree - n. a measure of temperaturedelay - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; tocause to be latedelegate - n. one sent to act for another; one who representsanotherdemand - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with forcedemocracy - n. the system of government in which citizens vote tochoose leaders orto make other important decisionsdemonstrate - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("Thecrowddemonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by usingexamples ("Theteacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.")denounce - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severelydeny - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a requestdepend - v. to need help and supportdeplore - v. to regret strongly; to express sadnessdeploy - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for actiondepression - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced businessand economicactivity during which many people lose their jobsdescribe - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details ofsomethingdesert - n. a dry area of landdesign - v. to plan or create plans fordesire - v. to want very much; to wish fordestroy - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence ofdetail - n. a small part of something; a small piece of informationdevelop - v. to grow; to create; to experience progressdevice - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purposedictator - n. a ruler with complete powerdie - v. to become dead; to stop living; to enddiet - n. usual daily food and drinkdifferent - ad. not the samedifficult - ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry outdig - v. to make a hole in the grounddinner - n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("Thefamily had its dinnerat noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official dinnertook place at theWhite House.")diplomat - n. a person who represents his or her government indealing with anothergovernmentdirect - v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to thetheater."); ad.straight to something; not through some other person or thing("The path isdirect.")direction - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone orsomething camefrom or went todirt - n. earth or soildisappear - v. to become unseen; to no longer existdisarm - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; tomake a bombharmless by removing its exploding devicediscover - v. to find or learn somethingdiscuss - v. to talk about; to exchange ideasdisease - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses,germs or bacteriadismiss - v. to send away; to refuse to considerdispute - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debatedissident - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or hergovernmentdistance - n. the amount of space between two places or objects("The distancefrom my house to your house is two kilometers.")dive - v. to jump into water head firstdivide - v. to separate into two or more partsdo - v. to act; to make an effortdoctor - n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick peopledocument - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, usedas proof orsupport of somethingdog - n. a small animal that often lives with humansdollar - n. United States money, one hundred centsdoor - n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or roomdown - ad. from higher to lower; in a low placedream - v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. apicture or story inthe mind during sleep; a happy idea about the futuredrink - v. to take liquid into the body through the mouthdrive - v. to control a moving vehicledrop - v. to fall or let fall; to go lowerdrown - v. to die under waterdrug - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; achemical substanceused to ease pain or to affect the minddry - ad. not wet; without rainduring - ad. through the whole time; while (something ishappening)dust - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the airduty - n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it isright and justEeach - ad. every one by itselfearly - ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of theday; oppositelateearn - v. to be paid in return for work doneearth - n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soilearthquake - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surfaceease - v. to reduce; to make less difficulteast - n. the direction from which the sun riseseasy - ad. not difficult; not hard to doeat - v. to take food into the body through the mouthecology - n. the scientific study of the environment and links amongliving andmaterial thingseconomy - n. the system by which money, industry and trade areorganizededge - n. the line where something ends or beginseducation - n. the act of teachingeffect - n. the result or change caused by something ("The stormhad a seriouseffect on the economy.")effort - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do somethingegg - n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced byfemale birds, fishor reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal that candevelop into a babyeither - ad. one of two, but not the otherelect - v. to choose by votingelectricity - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provideheat and light,and power to machinesembassy - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistantsemergency - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demandingquick actionemotion - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadnessemploy - v. to give work in return for wagesempty - ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everythingend - v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes lastenemy - n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or peopleof the other sidein a warenergy - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; theability andwillingness to be activeenforce - v. to make something be doneengine - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to doworkengineer - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads,bridges or railroadsenjoy - v. to be pleased or satisfied by somethingenough - ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount neededenter - v. to come or go intoenvironment - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influencesthat affect life;the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animalsequal - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having thesame rightsequipment - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose oractivityescape - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out ofespecially - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially thefish.")establish - v. to bring into existence; to createestimate - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount usingless thancomplete informationethnic - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large groupbecause of their race,religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors livedevaporate - v. to change from a liquid into a gaseven - ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, eventhough the buildingwas destroyed.")event - n. that which happens, especially something of importanceever - ad. at any timeevery - ad. each one; allevidence - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason forbelievingevil - ad. not good; extremely badexact - ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detailexamine - v. to study closelyexample - n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group islikeexcellent - ad. extremely goodexcept - prep, but forexchange - v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for anotherexcuse - v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason(sometimes false)for an actionexecute - v. to killexercise - n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving thebody or to stay ingood healthexile - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. aperson who isforced to leave his or her countryexist - v. to be; to liveexpand - v. to make larger; to grow largerexpect - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to waitfor an eventexpel - v. to force out; to remove from; to send awayexperience - v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("Sheexperiencedgreat pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through("The experiencecaused her great pain.")experiment - v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if anidea is true orfalse, or to discover somethingexpert - n. a person with special knowledge or trainingexplain - v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tellthe meaningexplode - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bombexplore - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn moreabout it; tomake a careful search; to examine closelyexport - v. to send to another country; n. something sent to anothercountry, usuallyfor saleexpress - v. to say clearlyextend - v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longertimeextra - ad. more than normal, expected or necessaryextreme - ad. more than the usual or acceptedextremist - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs whoacts in anextreme or violent wayFface - n. the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward;to turn toward;to have before you, such as a problem or dangerfact - n. something known or proved to be truefactory - n. a building or group of buildings where goods are madefail - v. to not succeed; to not reach a goalfair - ad. just; honest; what is rightfall - v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground ora lower positionfalse - ad. not true; not correctfamily - n. the group that includes children and their parentsfamous - ad. known very well to many peoplefar - ad. at, to or from a great distancefarm - n. land used to grow crops and animals for foodfast - ad. moving or working at great speed; quickfat - n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to storeenergy and to keepwarm; ad. thick; heavyfather - n. the male parent; a man who has a child or childrenfear - v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or mayhappen ("Hefeared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger ortrouble ("He hada fear that he would fall down.")federal - ad. of or having to do with a national or centralgovernmentfeed - v. to give food tofeel - v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touchingfemale - n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or aboutwomenfence - n. something around an area of land to keep animals orpeople in or outfertile - ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing muchfew - ad. not many; a small number offield - n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raiseanimalsfierce - ad. extremely strong; violent; angryfight - v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy anenemy; n. theuse of force; a battlefill - v. to put or pour something into a container until there is spacefor no morefilm - v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make amotion picture ormovie; n. athin piece of material for making pictures with a camera;a moviefinal - ad. at the end; lastfinancial - ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money,credit,investments and banksfind - v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident;to decide acourt case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.")fine - n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for acrime; ad. very good;very small or thinfinish - v. to complete; to endfire - v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by somethingburningfireworks - n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used inholiday celebrationsfirm - ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in heropinion.")first - ad. coming before all othersfish - n. a creature that lives and can breathe in waterfit - v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.")fix - v. to make good or right againflag - n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation,government ororganizationflat - ad. smooth; having no high placesflee - v. to run away fromfloat - v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be movedgently on water orthrough airflood - v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of ariver, lake or oceanonto landfloor - n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell tothe floor."); thelevel of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.")flow - v. to move like a liquidflower - n. the colored part of plants that carry seedsfluid - n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquidfly - v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; totravel in anairplane or flying vehiclefog - n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloudclose to the groundfollow - v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; toobeyfood - n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy,strength and growthfool - v. to make someone believe something that is not true; totrick; n. a personwho is tricked easilyfoot - n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body thattouches the groundwhen a person or animal walksfor - prep, because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange("Give me onedollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled forone hour.");representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be employed by("She works for acomputer company.")force - v. to make someone do something or make somethinghappen by usingpower; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object;military powerof a nation; a military groupforeign - ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's ownplace or countryforest - n. a place of many treesforget - v. to not rememberforgive - v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guiltform - v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team.");n. a kind("Swimming is a form of exercise.")former - ad. earlier in time; not nowforward - ad. the direction in front of; toward the frontfree - v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outsideforces; not in prison;independent; not limited by rules; without costfreedom - n. the condition of being freefreeze - v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to becomehard by coldfresh - ad. newly made or gathered; recentfriend - n. a person one likes and trustsfrighten - v. to cause great fearfrom - prep, having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause("It is amessage from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("Theschool is fivekilometers from my home."); because of ("He is suffering fromcancer.")front - n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; thefirst partfruit - n. food from trees and plantsfuel - n. any substance burned to create heat or powerfull - ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold;completefun - n. anything that is pleasing and causes happinessfuneral - n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burningof the deadfuture - n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad.in the time tocome ("All future meetings will be held in this room.")Ggain - v. to get possession of; to get more; to increasegame - n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play orcompete, usuallysportsgas - n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance thatburns to provideheat, light or powergather - v. to bring or come together into a group or place; tocollectgeneral - n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting orincluding all oralmost allgentle - ad. soft; kind; not rough or violentget - v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; tobecome the ownerofgift - n. something given without costgirl - n. a young female persongive - v. to present to another to keep without receiving paymentglass - n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used mostoften for windowsor for containers to hold liquidsgo - v. to move from one place to another; to leavegoal - n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimedat; the end of atrip or racegod - n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("Theybelieve in God."); aspirit or being believed in many religions to have special powersgold - n. a highly valued yellow metalgood - ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not badgoods - n. things owned or made to be soldgovern - v. to control; to rule by military or political powergovernment - n. a system of governing; the organization of peoplethat rules acountry, city or areagrain - n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, riceand corn; thoseplants that produce the seedsgranddaughter - n. the daughter of a person's daughter or songrandfather - n. the father of a person's father or mothergrandmother - n. the mother of a person's father or mothergrandson - n. the son of a person's daughter or songrass - n. a plant with long, narrow, green leavesgray - ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and whitegreat - ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; verygood; importantgreen - ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow andblue; having thecolor like that of growing leaves and grassgrind - v. to reduce to small pieces by crushingground - n. land; the earth's surface; soilgroup - n. a number of people or things together; a gathering ofpeople working fora common purposegrow - v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size oramountguarantee - v. to promise a result; to promise that something willhappenguard - v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guardsthepresident."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is aprison guard.")guerrilla - n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army,usually against anofficial army or policeguide - v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the wayguilty - ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law;responsible for abad actiongun - n. a weapon that shoots bulletsHhair - n. the fine material that grows from the skin, especially fromthe headhalf - n. one of two equal parts of somethinghalt - v. to come or cause to come to a stop; to stophang - v. to place something so the highest part is supported andthe lower part isnot; to kill by hanginghappen - v. to become a fact or event; to take placehappy - ad. pleased; satisfied; feeling good; not sadhard - ad. not easily cut or broken; solid; difficult to do orunderstand; needing mucheffort or forceharm - v. to injure; to damage; n. damage; hurtharvest - v. to gather crops; n. the crop after it is gatheredhat - n. a head coverhate - v. to have strong emotions against; to consider as an enemy;opposite lovehave - v. to possess; to own; to holdhe - pro. the boy or man who is being spoken abouthead - v. to lead; to command; n. leader; chief; the top part ofsomething; thehighest positionheadquarters - n. the center from which orders are given; the mainoffices of abusiness or organizationheal - v. to return to good health; to cure; to become wellhealth - n. the general condition of the body and mind; thecondition of being freefrom sickness or diseasehear - v. to receive sound through the ears; to receive news aboutheat - v. to make hot or warm; n. great warmth; that which isproduced by burningfuel; energy from the sunheavy - ad. having much weight; not easy to lift; of great amount orforcehelicopter - n. a machine without wings that can fly up or down orremain in oneplace above the groundhelp - v. to give support; to assist; to make easier; n. support; aidhere - ad. in, to or at this placehero - n. a person honored for being brave or wisehide - v. to prevent from being seen or found; to make secrethigh - ad. tall; far up; far above the ground; important; aboveothershijack - v. to seize or take control of a vehicle by forcehill - n. a small mountainhistory - n. the written record or description of past events; thestudy of the pasthit - v. to strike; to touch with forcehold - v. to carry or support, usually in the hands or arms; to keep inone position;to keep as a prisoner; to contain; to possess; to occupy; to organizeand be involvedin ("The two sides hold talks this week.")hole - n. an opening; a torn or broken place in somethingholiday - n. a day when one does not work; a day on which no workis done to honoror remember a person or eventholy - ad. greatly honored in religionhome - n. the building where a person lives, especially with family;the place whereone was born or comes from; the area or country where one liveshonest - ad. truthful; able to be trustedhonor - v. to obey; to show strong, good feelings for ("to honorone's parents"); n.an award; an act of giving special recognition ("He received manyhonors for hisefforts to help others.")hope - v. to expect; to believe there is a good chance thatsomething will happen aswanted; to want something to happenhorrible - ad. causing great fear; terriblehorse - n. a large animal often used for racing, riding or farm workhospital - n. a place where sick or injured people are given medicalcarehostage - n. a person captured and held as a guarantee that ademand or promisewill be honoredhostile - ad. ready to fight; ready for warhot - ad. having or feeling great heat or a high temperaturehotel - n. a building with rooms, and often food, for travellershour - n. a measure of time; sixty minuteshouse - n. a building in which people live; a country's parliament orlawmakinggroup ("House of Representatives")how - ad. in what way; to what amounthowever - conj. yet; buthuge - ad. very big; of great sizehuman - ad. of or about peoplehumor - n. the ability to understand, enjoy or express what makespeople laughhunger - n. the need for foodhunt - v. to search for animals to capture or kill them; to seek; to tryto findhurry - v. to do or go fasthurt - v. to cause pain, injury or damagehusband - n. a man who is marriedII - pro. the person speakingice - n. frozen wateridea - n. a thought or picture in the mind; a beliefidentify - v. to recognize someone or something and to say who orwhat they areif - conj. on condition; provided that ("I will go if you go.")illegal - ad. not legal; in violation of a lawimagine - v. to make a picture in the mind; to form an ideaimmediate - ad. without delay; very near in time or placeimport - v. to bring from another country; n. something broughtfrom anothercountry, usually for saleimportant - ad. having great meaning, value or powerimprove - v. to make better; to become betterin - prep, inside; held by; contained by; surrounded by; duringincident - n. an event or something that happensincite - v. to urge or cause an action or emotion, usually somethingbad or violentinclude - v. to have; to make a part ofincrease - v. to make more in size or amountindependent - ad. not influenced by or controlled by another orothers; free;separateindividual - n. one personindustry - n. any business that produces goods or provides services;the work andrelated activity in factories and offices; all organizations involved inmanufacturinginfect - v. to make sick with something that causes diseaseinflation - n. a continuing rise in prices while the value of moneygoes downinfluence - v. to have an effect on someone or something; to causechangeinform - v. to tell; to give knowledge toinformation - n. knowledge; factsinject - v. to force a fluid into, such as putting medicine or drugs intothe bodythrough the skininjure - v. to cause harm or damage to a person or animalinnocent - ad. not guilty of a crime; not responsible for a bad actioninsane - ad. mentally sickinsect - n. a very small creature, usually with many legs andsometimes with wingsinspect - v. to look at something carefully; to examine, especially byan expertinstead - ad. in the place of; taking the place ofinstrument - n. a tool or device designed to do something or tomake somethinginsult - v. to say something or to do something that makes anotherperson angry ordishonoredintelligence - n. the ability to think or learn; information gathered byspyingintelligent - ad. quick to understand or learnintense - ad. very strong; extremely seriousinterest - n. what is important to someone ("He acted to protect hisinterests." "Shehad a great interest in painting."); a share in owning a business;money paid for theuse of money borrowedinterfere - v. to get in the way of; to work against; to take part in theactivities ofothers, especially when not asked to do sointernational - ad. of or about more than one nation or many nations;of the wholeworldintervene - v. to come between; to come between in order to settleor solveinvade - v. to enter an area or country by force with an armyinvent - v. to plan and make something never made before; tocreate a new thing orway of doing somethinginvest - v. to give money to a business or organization with the hopeof makingmore moneyinvestigate - v. to study or examine all information about an event,situation orcharge; to search for the truthinvite - v. to ask someone to take part in or join an event,organization or gatheringinvolve - v. to take part in; to become a part of; to includeiron - n. a strong, hard metal used to make machines and toolsisland - n. a land area with water all around itissue - n. an important problem or subject that people arediscussing or arguingaboutit - pro. a thing, place, event or idea that is being spoken about("The sky is blue,but it also has a few white clouds.")jail - n. a prison for those waiting to be tried for a crime or for thoseserving sentencesfor crimes that are not seriousjewel - n. a valuable stone, such as a diamond or emeraldjob - n. the work that one does to earn moneyjoin - v. to put together or come together; to become part of or amember ofjoint - ad. shared by two or morejoke - n. something done or said to cause others to laughjudge - v. to form an opinion about; to decide a question, especiallya legal one; n. apublic official who decides problems of law in a courtjump - v. to push down on thefeet and move up quickly into the airjury - n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trialjust - ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before orafter thepresent ("He just left."); at the same time ("He left just as I camein."); what isright or fair ("The law is just, in my opinion.")Kkeep - v. to possess; to have for oneselfkick - v. to hit with the footkidnap - v. to seize and take away by forcekill - v. to make dead; to cause to diekind - n. sort ("What kind of dog is that?'); ad. gentle; caring;helpfulkiss - v. to touch with the mouth to show love or honorknife - n. a tool or weapon used to cutknow - v. to understand something as correct; to have the factsabout; to recognizesomeone because you have met and talked together beforeknowledge - n. that which is known; learning or understandinglabor - n. work; workers as a grouplaboratory - n. a room or place where experiments in science aredonelack - v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or nothavinglake - n. a large area of fresh water surrounded by landland - v. to come to the earth from the air ("Airplanes land atairports."); n. the partof the earth not covered by water; the groundlanguage - n. words and their use; what people speak in a country,nation or grouplarge - ad. big; being of more than usual size, amount or number;opposite smalllast - v. to continue ("The talks will last three days."); ad. after allothers; the onlyone remaining ("She is the last person in line.")late - ad. after the correct time; near the end; opposite earlylaugh - v. to make sounds to express pleasure or happy feelingslaunch - v. to put into operation; to begin; to send into the air orspacelaw - n. all or any rules made by a governmentlead - v. to show the way; to command; to control; to go firstleak - v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole(usually a gasor liquid)learn - v. to get knowledge about; to come to know a fact or factsleave - v. to go away from; to let something stay where it isleft - ad. on the side that is toward the west when one is facingnorth; oppositerightlegal - ad. of or in agreement with the lawlegislature - n. a government lawmaking grouplend - v. to permit someone to use a thing temporarily; to make aloan of moneyless - ad. smaller in amount; not as muchlet - v. to permit to do or to be; to make possibleletter - n. a message written on paper; a communication in writingsent to anotherpersonlevel - n. the amount or height that something reaches or rises to;the position ofsomething or someoneliberal - ad. one who usually supports social progress or changelie - v. to have one's body on the ground or other surface; to saysomething that oneknows is not truelife - n. the time between being born and dying; opposite death; allliving thingslift - v. to take or bring up to a higher place or levellight - n. a form of energy that affects the eyes so that one is able tosee; anythingthat produces light; ad. bright; clear; not heavylightning - n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during astormlike - v. to be pleased with; to have good feelings for someone orsomething; ad. inthe same way as; similar tolimit - v. to restrict to a number or amount; n. the greatest amountor numberpermittedline - n. a long, thin mark on a surface; a number of people or thingsorganized; oneafter another; the edge of an area protected by military forceslink - v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. arelation betweentwo or more things, situations or eventsliquid - n. a substance that is not a solid or gas, and can move freely,like waterlist - v. to put in writing a number of names of people or things; n. awritten seriesof names or thingslisten - v. to try to hearliterature - n. all the poems, stories and writings of a period of timeor of a countrylittle - ad. not tall or big; a small amountlive - v. to have life; to exist; ad. having life; aliveload - v. to put objects on or into a vehicle or container; n. thatwhich is carriedloan - n. money borrowed that usually must be returned withinterest payments;something borrowedlocal - ad. about or having to do with one placelonely - ad. feeling alone and wanting friends; visited by few or nopeople ("a lonelyman")long - ad. not short; measuring from beginning to end; measuringmuch; for muchtimelook - v. to turn the eyes toward so as to see; to search or hunt for;to seem to belose - v. to have no longer; to not find; to fail to keep; to bedefeatedloud - ad. having a strong sound; full of sound or noiselove - v. to like very much; to feel a strong, kind emotion(sometimes involving sex);n. a strong, kind emotion for someone or something; opposite hatelow - ad. not high or tall; below the normal height; close to thegroundloyal - ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone orsomethingluck - n. something that happens by chanceMmachine - n. a device with moving parts used to do workmagazine - n. a publication of news, stories, pictures or otherinformationmail - n. letters, papers and other things sent through an officialsystem, such as apost officemain - ad. the most important or largestmajor - ad. great in size, importance or amountmajority - n. the greater number; more than halfmake - v. to produce; to create; to build; to do something or tocarry out an action;to cause to be or to becomemale - n. a man or boy; the sex that is the father of children; ad. ofor about menman - n. an adult male humanmanufacture - v. to make goods in large amountsmany - ad. a large number or amount ofmap - n. a picture of the earth's surface or a part of itmarch - v. to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in alarge group toprotest about somethingmark - v. to make a sign or cut on somethingmarket - n. a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded;an economicsystem in which the prices of things are decided by how many thereare and howmuch money people are willing to pay for themmarry - v. to join a man and woman together as husband and wife;to becomehusband and wife (usually in a religious or civil ceremony)mass - n. an amount of matter having no special form and usually ofa large sizemate - v. to bring together a male and a female to create anothercreaturematerial - n. the substance, substances or matter of whichsomething is made orfrom which something can be made, such as wood, cloth or stone;anything that canbe made into something elsemathematics - n. the science dealing with amounts, sizes andshapes, as explainedby numbers and signsmatter - n. anything that can be seen or felt; what things are madeofmay - v. a word used with an action word to mean permit orpossible ("May I go?'"They may leave tomorrow.")mayor - n. the chief official of a city or town governmentmeal - n. food eaten to satisfy hunger, such as dinnermean - v. to want to; to give the idea of; to have the idea ofmeasure - v. to learn the amount, size or distance of something; n.an action taken;a legislative proposalmeat - n. the part of a dead animal used for foodmedia - n. all public information organizations, includingnewspapers, television andradiomedicine - n. a substance or drug used to treat disease or pain; thescience or studyof treating and curing disease or improving healthmeet - v. to come together with someone or something at the sametime and placemelt - v. to make a solid into a liquid by heating itmember - n. one of a groupmemorial - n. something done or made to honor the memory of aperson or eventmemory - n. a picture in the mind of past events; the ability toremember; a thingrememberedmental - ad. about or having to do with the mindmercy - n. kindness toward those who should be punished; thepower to be kind orto pardonmessage - n. written or spoken news or information; a note fromone person toanother person or groupmetal - n. a hard substance such as iron, steel or goldmethod - n. the way something is donemicroscope - n. a device used to make very small things look largerso they can bestudiedmiddle - n. the center; a place or time of equal distance from bothsides or ends; ad.in the centermilitant - n. someone active in trying to cause political change, oftenby the use offorce or violencemilitary - n. the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or aboutthe armed forcesmilk - n. the white liquid produced by female animals to feed theiryoungmind - n. the thinking, feeling part of a personmine - v. to dig useful or valuable substances out of the earth; n. aplace in the earthwhere such substances are found; a bomb placed under the groundor under waterso it cannot be seenmineral - n. a substance found in nature that is not an animal or aplant, such as coalor saltminister - n. a member of a cabinet; a high government official("prime minister,""foreign minister")minor - ad. small in size; of little importanceminority - n. the smaller number; opposite majorityminute - n. a measure of time; one of the sixty equal parts of anhour; sixty secondsmiss - v. to fail to hit, see, reach or meetmissile - n. any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the airand explodeswhen it reaches its targetmissing - ad. lost; not foundmistake - n. a wrong action or decision; an action done without theknowledge thatit was wrongmix - v. to put different things together to make one thingmob - n. a large group of wild or angry peoplemodel - n. an example; something, usually small, made to showhow something willlook or workmoderate - ad. not extrememodern - ad. of the present or very recent time; the most improvedmoney - n. pieces of metal or paper used to pay for thingsmonth - n. one of the twelve periods of time into which a year isdividedmoon - n. the bright object often seen in the night sky that orbitsthe earth aboutevery twenty-nine daysmoral - ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone's actionsmore - ad. greater in size or amountmorning - n. the early part of the day, from sunrise until noonmost - ad. greatest in size or amountmother - n. the female parent; a woman who has a child or childrenmotion - n. a movement; a continuing change of position or placemountain - n. a part of the earth's surface that rises high above thearea around itmourn - v. to express or feel sadnessmove - v. to change position; to put or keep in motion; to gomovement - n. the act of moving or a way of moving; a series ofacts or efforts toreach a goalmovie - n. a motion picture; a filmmuch - ad. great in amountmurder - v. to kill another person illegally; n. the crime of killinganother personmusic - n. the making of sounds by singing or using a musicalinstrumentmust - v. a word used with an action word to mean necessary ("Youmust go toschool.")mystery - n. something that is not or cannot be explained orunderstood; a secretNname - v. to appoint; to nominate; to give a name to; n. a word bywhich a person,animal or thing is known or callednarrow - ad. limited in size or amount; not wide; having a shortdistance from oneside to the othernation - n. a country, together with its social and political systemsnative - n. someone who was born in a place, not one who movedtherenatural - ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kindnature - n. all the plants, animals and other things on earth notcreated by humans;events or processes not caused by humansnavy - n. the part of a country's military force trained to fight at seanear - ad. not far; close tonecessary - ad. needed to get a result or effect; requiredneed - v. to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to donegotiate - v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a commonsolutionneither - ad. not one or the other of twoneutral - ad. not supporting one side or the other in a disputenever - ad. at no time; not evernew - ad. not existing before; not known before; recently made,built, bought orgrown; another; differentnews - n. information about any recent events, especially asreported by the medianext - ad. coming immediately after; nearestnice - ad. pleasing; good; kindnight - n. the time between when the sun goes down and when itrises, when thereis little or no lightno - ad. used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at allnoise - n. sound, especially when loudnominate - v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; topropose a personfor an office or positionnoon - n. the middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytimenormal - n. the usual condition, amount or form; ad. usual; what isexpectednorth - n. the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sunnot - ad. a word showing that something is denied or untrue ("She isnot going.")note - v. to talk about something already known; n. a word or wordswritten to helpa person remember; a short letternothing - n. not anything; no thingnow - ad. at this time; immediatelynowhere - ad. not in, to or at any placenuclear - ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms orbringing themtogether; of or about weapons that explode by using energy fromatomsnumber - n. a word or sign used to show the order or amount ofthingsoobey - v. to act as one is ordered to actobject - v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; n.something notalive that can be seen or touchedobserve - v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honorsomething ("Theywill observe the anniversary of the day she was born.")occupy - v. to take and hold or to control by forceocean - n. the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-fivepercent of theearth's surface; any of the five main divisions of this waterof - prep. made from; belonging to; about; connected to; includedamongoff - ad. away; at a distance; condition when something is no longeroperating orcontinuing; not on; not connectedoffensive - n. a military campaign of attack; ad. having to do withattackingoffer - v. to present or propose; n. the act of presenting orproposing; that which ispresented or proposedoffice - n. a room or building where business or work is done; apublic position towhich one is elected or appointedofficer - n. a person in the military who commands others; anyperson who is amember of a police forceofficial - n. a person with power in an organization; a representativeof anorganization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved bythe governmentor someone in poweroften - ad. many timesoil - n. a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burnseasily; a blackliquid taken from the ground and used as fuelold - ad. not young or new; having lived or existed for many yearson - prep, above and held up by; touching the upper surface of("The book is on thetable."); supported by ("He is on his feet."); about ("The report onthe meeting isready."); at the time of ("He left on Wednesday.")once - ad. one time onlyonly - ad. being the single one or ones; no more than ("We haveonly two dollars.")open - v. to start ("They opened talks."); ad. not closed; not secretoperate - v. to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medicalreasonsopinion - n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinkingoppose - v. to be against; to fight againstopposite - ad. different as possible; completely different from;exactly the other way("North is the opposite direction from south.")oppress - v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjustand cruel force orpoweror - conj. giving another of two choices; giving the last of severalchoicesorbit - v. to travel in space around a planet or other object; n. thepath or way anobject travels in space around another object or planetorder - v. to give a command; to tell someone what to do; n. acommand; the corrector normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in whichpeople obey lawsorganize - v. to put in order; to put together into a systemother - ad. different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones oftwo or more("That man is short; the other is tall.")our - ad. of or belonging to usoust - v. to force to leave; to remove by forceout - ad. away from the inside; opposite of inover - conj. above; covering; across, in or on every part of ("all overthe world")overthrow - v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by forceowe - v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return forsomething receivedown - v. to have or possess for oneselfp_pain - n. a hurt or suffering somewhere in the bodypaint - v. to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquidcolors; n. acolored liquid used to cover or protect a surfacepan - n. a metal container used for cookingpaper - n. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often usedfor writingparachute - n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowlyfrom an airplaneor helicopter to the groundparade - n. a group of people and vehicles moving together tocelebrate a specialevent or anniversarypardon - v. to forgive for a crime and release from punishmentparent - n. a father or motherparliament - n. a government lawmaking grouppart - n. something less than the whole; not all of somethingparty - n. a group of people working together for a political purpose;a group ofpeople or friends gathered together for enjoymentpass - v. to go by or move around something; to move along; tocause or permit togopassenger - n. a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car whois not the pilotor driverpassport - n. a document permitting a person to travel to anothercountrypast - n. the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediatelybefore; formerpath - n. a narrow way for walking; a way along which somethingmovespatient - n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problempay - v. to give money for work done or for something boughtpeace - n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest;quietpeople - n. any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race,religion or nation("the American people")percent - n. a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of onehundred.")perfect - ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right orgood; withoutmistakesperform - v. to speak, dance or sing in front of othersperiod - n. an amount of time within events, restrictions orconditionspermanent - ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or forall timepermit - v. to let; to make possibleperson - n. a man, woman or childphysical - ad. of the bodyphysics - n. the study of motion, matter and energypicture - n. something that shows what another thing looks like; anidea orrepresentation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what ismade with acamerapiece - n. a part of something largerpig - n. a farm animal used for its meatpilot - n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopterpipe - n. a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gasplace - v. to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of anarea; space wherea person or thing is; any room, building, town or countryplan - v. to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doingsomething("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or developed idea ormethod ("Theplan will not work.")planet - n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is aplanet.")plant - v. to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from theground whichgets its food from air, water and earthplastic - n. a material made from chemicals that can be formed andmade into thingsplay - v. to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to makemusic on aninstrument; n. a story acted in a theaterplease - v. to make one happy; to give enjoymentplenty - n. all that is needed; a large enough amountplot - v. to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do somethingwrong or illegalpoem - n. words and their sounds organized in a special way toexpress emotionspoint - v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end ofsomethingpoison - n. a substance that can destroy life or damage healthpolice - n. a government agency responsible for guarding the public,keeping order,and making sure people obey the law; members of that agencypolicy - n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop andmake decisionsin politics, economics or businesspolitics - n. the activities of government and of those who are inpublic officepollute - v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into theair, soil or waterpoor - n. people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods;of bad qualitypopular - ad. liked by many people; generally approved by thepublicpopulation - n. all the people in a place, city or countryport - n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coastwhere ships canbe safe from a stormposition - n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing isset or placed; ajob (or level of a job) in an organizationpossess - v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled bypossible - ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected tohappenpostpone - v. to delay action until a later timepour - v. to flow; to cause to flowpower - n. the ability to control or direct others; control; strength;ruling force;force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the wheel.")praise - v. to say good things about; to approvepray - v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god orspiritpregnant - ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born;expecting to givebirth to a babypresent - v. to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea tothecommittee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for theiranniversary."); now ("Thepresent time is a good time."); ad. to be at a place ("I was presentat schoolyesterday.")president - n. the chief official of a country that is a republic; theleader of anorganizationpress - v. to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and otherpublicationspressure - n. the force produced when something is pushed down oragainstsomething elseprevent - v. to keep or stop from going or happeningprice - n. the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold oroffered for saleprison - n. a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crimeprivate - ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; oppositepublicprize - n. something offered or won in a competition; something ofvalue that onemust work hard for to getprobably - ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more thanpossibleproblem - n. a difficult question or situation with an unknown orunclear answerprocess - n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desiredresultproduce - v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; tomanufactureprofession - n. a job that requires special trainingprofessor - n. a teacher at acollege or universityprofit - n. money gained from a business activity after paying allcosts of thatactivityprogram - n. a plan of action; the different events or parts of ameeting or showprogress - n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goalproject - n. a planned effort to do somethingpropaganda - n. ideas or information used to influence opinionsproperty - n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings orgoodspropose - v. to present or offer for considerationprotect - v. to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed ordamagedprotest - v. to speak against; to objectprove - v. to show to be trueprovide - v. to give something needed or wantedpublic - ad. of or about all the people in a community or country;opposite privatepublication - n. something that is published such as a book,newspaper or magazinepublish - v. to make public something that is written; to includesomething in abook, newspaper or magazinepull - v. to use force to move something toward the person or thingusing the force;opposite pushpump - v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or throughpunish - v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bador illegalpurchase - v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n.that which isboughtpure - ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value;cleanpurpose - n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goalpush - v. to use force to move something away from the person orthing using theforce; opposite pullput - v. to place; to set in positionQ.quality - n. that which something is known to have or be ("Animportant quality of steelis its strength."); amount of value or excellence ("Their goods are ofthe highest quality.")question - v. to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence orword used inasking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussedquick - ad. fastquiet - ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calmRrace - v. to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or whatcan move fastest;to take part in a campaign for political office; n. one of the majorgroups that humanscan be divided into because of a common physical similarity, such asskin colorradar - n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position orspeed of objectsthat may be too far away to be seenradiation - n. waves of energy from something that produces heator light; energyfrom a nuclear substance, which can be dangerousradio - n. the system of sending and receiving signals or soundsthrough the airwithout wiresraid - v. to make a sudden attack; n. a sudden attack carried out asan act of war, orfor the purpose of seizing or stealing somethingrailroad - n. a road for trains; a company that operates such a roadand its stationsand equipmentrain - n. water falling from the skyraise - v. to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; toincreaserare - ad. not common; not usual; not oftenrate - n. speed; a measure of how quickly or how often somethinghappens; theprice of any thing or service that is bought or soldreach - v. to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come toreact - v. to act as a result of or in answer toread - v. to look at and understand the meaning of written words ornumbersready - ad. prepared; completed; organized; willingreal - ad. true; truly existing; not falserealistic - ad. in agreement with the way things arereason - n. the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something thatexplainsreasonable - ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme;ready or willing tocompromiserebel - v. to act against a government or power, often with force; torefuse to obey;n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or hercountryreceive - v. to get or accept something given, offered or sentrecent - ad. a short time agorecession - n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, whenindustries produceless and many workers lose their jobsrecognize - v. to know or remember something or someone thatwas known, knownabout or seen before; to accept another nation as independent andestablishdiplomatic ties with its governmentrecord - v. to write something in order to have it for future use; toput sound orpictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; n. awriting that showsproof or facts about somethingrecover - v. to get again something that was lost, stolen or takenaway ("The policerecovered the stolen money."); to return to normal health or normalconditions("She is expected to recover from the operation.")red - ad. having the color like that of bloodreduce - v. to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; tocutreform - v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change toa betterconditionrefugee - n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjusttreatment,danger or warrefuse - v. to reject; to not accept, give or do somethingregret - n. a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that isdone or thathappensreject - v. to refuse to accept, use or believerelations - n. understandings or ties between nations; members ofthe same family;people connected by marriage or family tiesrelease - v. to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or madepublicreligion - n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or godsremain - v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the sameremains - n. a dead bodyremember - v. to think about the past; opposite forgetremove - v. to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out ofa position orofficerepair - n. work done to fix somethingrepeat - v. to say or do againreport - v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation;n. the storyabout an event; the results of a study or investigation; a statementin which thefacts may not be confirmedrepresent - v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for;to serve as anexamplerepress - v. to control or to restrict freedoms by forcerequest - v. to ask for; n. the act of asking forrequire - v. to need or demand as necessaryrescue - v. to free from danger or evilresearch - n. a careful study to discover correct informationresign - v. to leave a position, job or officeresist - v. to oppose; to fight to preventresolution - n. an official statement of agreement by a group ofpeople, usuallyreached by votingresource - n. anything of value that can be used or soldresponsible - ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible forpreparing thereport."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for theaccident.")rest - v. to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; n. that whichremains; theothersrestrain - v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or grouprestrict - v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming largerresult - v. to happen from a cause; n. that which follows or isproduced by a cause;effectretire - v. to leave a job or position because one is old or in poorhealthreturn - v. to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send backrevolt - v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially ofgovernmentrice - n. a food grainrich - ad. having much money or goods; having plenty ofsomethingride - v. to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal,wheeled vehicle,airplane or boatright - n. what a person legally and morally should be able to do orhave ("It is theirright to vote."); ad. agreeing with the facts; good; correct; oppositewrong; on theside that is toward the east when one is facing north; opposite leftriot - v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n.a violent actionby a large group of peoplerise - v. to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position ofsitting or lyingto a position of standingrisk - n. the chance of loss, damage or injuryriver - n. a large amount of water that flows across land into anotherriver, a lake oran oceanroad - n. a long piece of hard ground built between two places sopeople can walk,drive or ride easily from one place to the otherrob - v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to stealrock - n. a hard piece of mineral matterrocket - n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air orspace by burninggases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, sometimesused as aweaponroll - v. to turn over and over; to move like a ballroom - n. a separate area within a building with its own wallsroot - n. the part of a plant that is under the ground and takesnutrients from thesoilrope - n. a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces ofmaterial, usedfor tyingrough - ad. not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent;not made wellround - ad. having the shape of a ball or circlerub - v. to move something over the surface of another thingrubber - n. a substance made from the liquid of trees with the samename, or asimilar substance made from chemicalsruin - v. to damage severely; to destroyrule - v. to govern or control; to decide; n. a statement or an orderthat says howsomething must be donerun - v. to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walkingsabotage - v. to damage or destroy as an act against anorganization or nation("The rebels sabotaged the railroad.")sacrifice - v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief,idea, goal oranother personsad - ad. not happysafe - ad. away from harm or dangersail - v. to travel by boat or shipsailor - n. a person involved in sailing a boat or shipsalt - n. a white substance found in sea water and in the ground,used to affect thetaste of foodsame - ad. not different; not changed; like another or otherssand - n. extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in largeamounts in desertsand on coastssatellite - n. a small object in space that moves around a largerobject; an objectplaced in orbit around the earthsatisfy - v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demandedsave - v. to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for futureusesay - v. to speak; to express in wordsschool - n. a place for education; a place where people go to learnscience - n. the study of nature and the actions of natural things,and the knowledgegained about themsea - n. a large area of salt water, usually part of an oceansearch - v. to look for carefullyseason - n. one of the four periods of the year that is based on theearth's positiontoward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of timebased ondifferent weather conditions ("dry season", "rainy season"); aperiod during theyear when something usually happens ("baseball season")seat - n. a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there ("aseat inparliament")second - ad. the one that comes after the firstsecret - n. something known only to a few and kept from generalknowledge; ad.hidden from others; known only to a fewsecurity - n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measuresnecessary toprotect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.")see - v. to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or knowseed - n. the part of a plant from which new plants growseek(ing) - v. to search for ("They are seeking a cure for cancer.");to try to get("She is seeking election to public office."); to plan to do ("Sectricpowercompanies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.")seem - v. to appear to be ("She seems to be in good health.")seize - v. to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; toarrestself - n. all that which makes one person different from otherssell - v. to give something in exchange for moneySenate - n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments ofsome countries,such as in the United States Congresssend - v. to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried,taken or directed toor away from a placesense - v. to come to know about by feeling, believing orunderstanding; n. any ofthe abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feelsentence - v. to declare the punishment for a crime; n. thepunishment for a crimeseparate - v. to set or keep people, things or ideas away from orindependent fromothers; ad. not together or connected; differentseries - n. a number of similar things or events that follow one afteranother in time,position or orderserious - ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerousserve - v. to work as an official; to be employed by the government;to assist orhelpservice - n. an organization or system that provides something forthe public("Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."); a job that anorganization orbusiness can do for money; military organizations such as an army,navy or airforce; a religious ceremonyset - v. to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limitsettle - v. to end (adispute); to agree about (a problem); to make ahome in a newplaceseveral - ad. three or more, but not manysevere - ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damagesex - n. either the male or female group into which all people andanimals aredivided because of their actions in producing young; the physicalactivity by whichhumans and animals can produce youngshake - v. to move or cause to move in short, quick movementsshape - v. to give form to; n. the form of something, especially howit looksshare - v. to give part of something to another or others; n. a partbelonging to,given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of theequal parts ofownership of a business or companysharp - ad. having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt;causing hurt orpainshe - pro. the girl or woman who is being spoken aboutsheep - n. a farm animal used for its meat and hairshell - v. to fire artillery; n. a metal container that is fired from alarge gun andexplodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside covershelter - v. to protect or give protection to; n. something that givesprotection; aplace of safetyshine - v. to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean tomake brightship - v. to transport; n. a large boatshock - v. to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; n. something thatgreatly affectsthe mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquakeshoe - n. a covering for the footshoot - v. to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an objectdesigned to kill; touse a gunshort - ad. lasting only for a small period of time; not long; oppositetallshould - v. used with another verb (action word) to showresponsibility ("We shouldstudy."), probability ("The talks should begin soon."), or thatsomething is believedto be a good idea ("Criminals should be punished.")shout - v. to speak very loudlyshow - v. to make something be seen; to make known; n. a play orstory presentedin a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for enjoyment oreducation;something organized to be seen by the publicshrink - v. to make or become less in size, weight or valuesick - ad. suffering physically or mentally with a disease or otherproblem; not ingood healthsickness - n. the condition of being in bad healthside - n. the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top orbottom; parts awayfrom the middle; either the right or left half of the bodysign - v. to write one's name; n. a mark or shape used to meansomething; evidencethat something exists or will happen; a flat piece of material withwriting that givesinformationsignal - v. to send a message by signs; n. an action or movementthat sends amessagesilence - v. to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; n.a lack of noiseor soundsilver - n. a valued white metalsimilar - ad. like something else but not exactly the samesimple - ad. easy to understand or do; not difficult or complexsince - prep, from a time in the past until now ("I have known hersince we went toschool together.")sing - v. to make music sounds with the voicesingle - ad. one onlysink - v. to go down into water or other liquidsister - n. a female with the same father or mother as anotherpersonsit - v. to rest on the lower part of the body without the support ofthe legs; tobecome seatedsituation - n. the way things are during a period of timesize - n. the space occupied by something; how long, wide or highsomething isskeleton - n. all the bones of a human or other animal together intheir normalpositionsskill - n. the ability gained from training or experienceskin - n. the outer covering of humans and most animalssky - n. the space above the earthslave - n. a person owned or controlled by anothersleep - v. to rest the body and mind with the eyes closedslide - v. to move smoothly over a surfaceslow - v. to reduce the speed of; ad. not fast in moving, talking orother activitiessmall - ad. little in size or amount; few in number; not important;opposite largesmash - v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit ormove withforcesmell - v. to sense through the nose; n. something sensed by thenose ("the smell offood cooking")smoke - v. to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burningthem andbreathing in the smoke; n. that which can be seen rising into the airlike a cloudfrom something burningsmooth - ad. having a level surface; opposite roughsnow - n. soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky,usually in winteror when the air temperature is very coldso - ad. in such a way that ("He held the flag so all could see it.");also; too ("Sheleft early, and so did we."); very ("I am so sick."); as a result ("Theywere sick, sothey could not come."); conj. in order that; for the purpose of("Come early so wecan discuss the plans.")social - ad. of or about people or a groupsoft - ad. not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loudsoil - n. earth in which plants growsoldier - n. a person in the armysolid - ad. having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong;not in the formof a liquid or gassolve - v. to find an answer; to settlesome - ad. of an amount or number or part notstated; not allson - n. a person's male childsoon - ad. not long after the present time; quicklysort - n. any group of people or things that are the same or aresimilar in some way;a kind of somethingsound - n. fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear andresult in hearing; thatwhich is heardsouth - n. the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sunsspace - n. the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the sun,moon, planets andstars are; the area between or inside thingsspeak - v. to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one'sthoughts to othersand exchange ideas; to give a speech to a groupspecial - ad. of a different or unusual kind; not for general use;better or moreimportant than others of the same kindspeech - n. a talk given to a group of peoplespeed - v. to make something go or move faster; n. the rate atwhich somethingmoves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is donespend - v. to give as payment; to use ("He spends much timestudying.")spill - v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accidentspirit - n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connectedto thoughts andemotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain alive afterdeathsplit - v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break intopartssport - n. any game or activity of competition involving physicaleffort or skillspread - v. to become longer or wider; to make or become widelyknownspring - n. the time of the year between winter and summerspy - v. to steal or get information secretly; n. one who watchesothers secretly; aperson employed by a government to get secret information aboutanother countrysquare - n. a flat shape having four equal sidesstab - v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weaponstand - v. to move into or be in a position in which only the feet areon a surface; tobe in one position or placestar - n. a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the skyat night, but isnot a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or singerstart - v. to begin; to make something beginstarve - v. to suffer or die from a lack of foodstate - v. to say; to declare; n. a political part of a nationstation - n. a place of special work or purpose ("a police station"); aplace wherepassengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio ortelevision broadcastsstatue - n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usuallymade of stone, woodor metalstay - v. to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; tolive for a time("They stayed in New York for two years.")steal - v. to take without permission or payingsteam - n. the gas that comes from hot watersteel - n. iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with othersubstancesstep - v. to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position;n. the act ofstepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a goalstick - v. to attach something to another thing using a substancethat will hold themtogether; to become fixed in one position so that movement isdifficult ("Somethingis making the door stick."); n. a thin piece of woodstill - ad. not moving ("The man was standing still."); until thepresent or a stated time("Was he still there?'); even so; although ("The job was difficult,but she still wanted todo it.")stone - n. a small piece of rockstop - v. to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bringto an endstore - v. to keep or put away for future use; n. a place wherepeople buy thingsstorm - n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snowstory - n. the telling or writing of an event, either real or imaginedstove - n. a heating device used for cookingstraight - ad. continuing in one direction without turnsstrange - ad. unusual; not normal; not knownstreet - n. a road in a city, town or villagestretch - v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer orwiderstrike - v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek betterconditions, morepay or to make other demandsstrong - ad. having much power; not easily broken, damaged ordestroyedstructure - n. the way something is built, made or organized; asystem that isformed or organized in a special way; a buildingstruggle - v. to try with much effort; to fight with; n. a great effort;a fightstudy - v. to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; toexaminecarefullystupid - ad. not able to learn much; not intelligentsubject - n. the person or thing being discussed, studied or writtenaboutsubmarine - n. an underwater shipsubstance - n. the material of which something is made (a solid,liquid or gas)substitute - v. to put or use in place of another; n. a person or thingput or used inplace of anothersubversion - n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political systemor government,usually secretlysucceed - v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a plannedresultsuch - ad. of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar tosudden - ad. not expected; without warning; done or carried outquickly or withoutpreparationsuffer - v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experiencehurt or sadnesssugar - n. a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plantssuggest - v. to offer or propose something to think about orconsidersummer - n. the warmest time of the year, between spring andautumnsun - n. the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light toearthsupervise - v. to direct and observe the work of otherssupply - v. to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that canbe given or soldto otherssupport - v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agreewith othersand help them reach a goal; to approvesuppose - v. to believe, think or imagine ("I suppose you are right.");to expect ("Itis supposed to rain tonight.")suppress - v. to put down or to keep down by force; to preventinformation frombeing known publiclysure - ad. very probable; with good reason to believe; true withoutquestionsurface - n. the outer side or top of something ("The rocket landedon the surface ofthe moon.")surplus - n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("Thatcountry has a tradesurplus. It exports more than it imports.")surprise - v. to cause a feeling of wonder because something is notexpected; n.something not expected; the feeling caused by something notexpectedsurrender - v. to give control of oneself or one's property to anotheror others; tostop fighting and admit defeatsurround - v. to form a circle around; to be in positions all aroundsomeone orsomethingsurvive - v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situationsuspect - v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty ofsomething bad or illegal;n. a person believed to be guiltysuspend - v. to cause to stop for a period of timeswallow - v. to take into the stomach through the mouthswear in - v. to put an official into office by having him or herpromise to carry outthe duties of that office ("The chief justice will swear in thepresident.")sweet - ad. tasting pleasant, like sugarswim - v. to move through water by making motions with the armsand legssympathy - n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person,usually feelingsof sadnesssystem - n. a method of organizing or doing something by followingrules or a plan;a group of connected things or parts working together for acommon purpose orgoalTtake - v. to put a hand or hands around something and hold it, oftento move itto another place; to carry something ; to seize; to capture; to beginto be in control("The president takes office tomorrow.")talk - v. to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting fordiscussiontall - ad. higher than others; opposite shorttank - n. a large container for holding liquids; a heavy militaryvehicle with gunstarget - n. any person or object aimed at or fired attaste - v. to sense through the mouth ("The fruit tastes sweet.")tax - n. the money a person or business must pay to thegovernment so thegovernment can provide servicestea - n. a drink made from the plant of the same nameteach - v. to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; tocause tounderstandteam - n. a group organized for some purpose, often for sportstear - v. to pull apart, often by forcetears - n. the fluid that comes out of the eyes while cryingtechnical - ad. involving machines, processes and materials inindustry,transportation and communications; of or about a very special kindof subject orthing ("You need technical knowledge to understand how thissystem works.")technology - n. the use of scientific knowledge and methods toproduce goods andservicestelephone - n. a device or system for sending sounds, especially thevoice,over distancestelescope - n. a device for making objects that are far away appearcloser and largertelevision - n. a device that receives electronic signals and makesthem into picturesand sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds byelectronic signals over adistance so others can see and hear them on a receivertell - v. to give information; to make known by speaking; to order;to commandtemperature - n. the measurement of heat and coldtemporary - ad. lasting only a short timetense - ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calmterm - n. a limited period of time during which someone does a jobor carries out aresponsibility ("He served two terms in Congress."); the conditionsof an agreementthat have been accepted by those involved in itterrible - ad. very bad; causing terror or fearterritory - n. a large area of landterror - n. extreme fear; that which causes great fearterrorist - n. a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as aprotest or a wayto influence a governmenttest - v. to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how itwill act bystudying or doing ("The scientistswill test the new engine soon."); n.an attempt tolearn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studyingor doing ("Thetest of the new engine takes place today."); a group of questions orproblems usedto find out a person's knowledge ("The students did well on thelanguage test.")than - conj. connecting word used to link things that may be similar,but are notequal ("My sister is taller than I am.")thank - v. to say that one has a good feeling toward anotherbecause that person didsomething kind ("I want to thank you for helping me.")that - ad. showing the person, place or thing being spoken about("That man is asoldier."); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about ("Thebuilding that Isaw was very large.")the - pro. used in front of a name word to show that it is a person orthing that isknown about or is being spoken abouttheater - n. a place where movies are shown or plays areperformedthem - pro. other people being spoken aboutthen - ad. at that time; existing; and sotheory - n. a possible explanation of why something exists or howsomethinghappens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven("Other scientistsare debating his theory about the disappearance of dinosaurs.")there - ad. in that place or position; to or toward that placethese - pro. of or about the people, places or things nearby thathave been spokenabout alreadythey - pro. those ones being spoken aboutthick - ad. having a large distance between two opposite surfaces("The wall is twometers thick."); having many parts close together ("The forest isvery thick.");almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow easily; oppositethinthin - ad. having a small distance between two opposite surfaces;not fat; not wide;opposite thickthing - n. any objectthink - v. to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; toconsider; to believethird - ad. coming after two othersthis - pro. of or about the person, place or thing nearby that hasbeen spoken aboutalreadythreaten - v. to warn that one will do harm or cause damagethrough - prep, in at one end and out at the other; from front toback; from top tobottom; with the help of; bythrow - v. to cause to go through the air by a movement of the armtie - v. to join or hold together with some material; n. anything thatjoins or unites;links or connections ("The two nations have strong trade ties.")time - n. that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years;a period that canbe identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a periodwhen an eventshould or will take placetired - ad. having less strength because of work or exercise; needingsleep or restto - prep, showing the direction of an action; showing the person orplace towardwhich an action is directed; showing a goal or purposetoday - n. this daytogether - ad. in one group; at the same time or place; incooperationtomorrow - n. the day after todaytonight - n. this nighttoo - ad. also; as well as; more than is necessarytool - n. any instrument or device designed to help one do worktop - n. the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover ofsomethingtorture - v. to cause severe pain; n. the act of causing severe pain inorder to harm,to punish or to get information fromtotal - n. the complete amounttouch - v. to put the hand or fingers ontoward - prep, in the direction of; leading totown - n. a center where people live, larger than a village but not aslarge as a citytrade - v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services; n. theactivity of buying,selling or exchanging products or servicestradition - n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for along timetraffic - n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street,road orwaterwaytragic - ad. extremely sad; terribletrain - v. to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for anactivity; n. anengine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroadtransport - v. to move goods or people from one place to anothertransportation - n. the act or business of moving goods or peopletrap - v. to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable tomove or escape; n. adevice used to catch animalstravel - v. to go from one place to another, usually for a longdistancetreason - n. the act of fighting against one's own country or ofhelping its enemiestreasure - n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things ofgreat valuetreat - v. to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to curetreatment - n. the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cureor make bettertreaty - n. a written agreement between two or more nationstree - n. a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leavestrial - n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decideif a charge istruetribe - n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leadertrick - v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or makehim or her dosomethingtrip - n. a movement from one place to another, usually a longdistancetroops - n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled grouptrouble - n. that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problemstruce - n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involvedtruck - n. a heavy vehicle used to carry goodstrue - ad. correct; not falsetrust - v. to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harmtry - v. to make an effort; to take court action against a person todecide if he or sheis guilty or innocent of a crimetube - n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases canflow; a long,thin container in which they can be keptturn - v. to change direction; to move into a different position; tochange color, formor shapeuunder - prep, below; below the surface of; less than; as called for bya law,agreement or system ("The river flows under the bridge." "Suchaction is notpermitted under the law.")understand - v. to know what is meant; to have knowledge ofunite - v. to join togetheruniverse - n. all of space, including planets and starsuniversity - n. a place of education that usually includes severalcolleges andresearch organizationsunless - conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go,unless the rainstops.")until - conj. up to a time; beforeup - ad. to, in or at a higher position or valueurge - v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someoneto do somethingurgent - ad. needing an immediate decision or actionus - pro. the form of the word "we" used after a preposition ("Hesaid he wouldwrite to us.") or used as an object of a verb ("They saw usyesterday.")use - v. to employ for a purpose; to put into actionusual - ad. as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen orheardvvalley - n. a long area of land between higher areas of landvalue - n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; theamount of moneythat could be received if something is soldvegetable - n. a plant grown for foodvehicle - n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel orbe transported,especially anything on wheels; a car or truckversion - n. the form of something with different details than earlieror later formsvery - ad. extremely ("He was very late.")veto - v. to reject or refuse to approvevicious - ad. bad; dangerous; showing harm or hatevictim - n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made tosuffer; someonewho is trickedvictory - n. a success in a fight or competitionvillage - n. a very small townviolate - v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement)violence - n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damagevisit - v. to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly orbusiness reasonsvoice - n. the sound made by creatures, especially humans, forspeakingvolcano - n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surfacethat can explode,sending hot, melted rock and ash into the airvote - v. to choose a candidate in an election; n. a choice or decisionexpressed bythe voice, by hand or by writingwwages - n. money received for work donewait - v. to delay acting; to postponewalk - v. to move by putting one foot in front of the otherwall - n. the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone orother material; astructure sometimes used to separate areas of landwant - v. to desire; to wish for; to needwar - n. fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, usingweaponswarm - ad. almost hot; having or feeling some heatwarn - v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform aboutsomething bad thatmay happenwash - v. to make clean, usually with waterwaste - v. to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of;n. a spending ofmoney, time or effort with no value gained or returned; somethingthrown away ashaving no value; the liquid and solid substances that result frombody processes andare passed out of the bodywatch - v. to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait forwater - n. the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes,rivers andoceanswave - v. to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flagin the wind; tosignal by moving the hand one way and the other; n. a large massof water thatforms and moves on the surface of a lake or oceanway - n. a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done;methodwe - pro. two or more people, including the speaker or writer ("Heand I will gotogether, and we will return together.")weak - ad. having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed;oppositestrongwealth - n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things ofvalueweapon - n. anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack,fight or warwear - v. to have on the body, as clothesweather - n. the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun,wind, rain, heat orcoldweek - n. a period of time equal to seven daysweigh - v. to measure how heavy someone or something iswelcome - v. to express happiness or pleasure when someonearrives or somethingdevelopswell - ad. in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; n. a holein the groundwhere water, gas or oil can be foundwest - n. the direction in which the sun goes downwet - ad. covered with water or other liquid; not drywhat - pro. used to ask about something or to ask for informationabout something("What is this?"); ad. which or which kind ("He wants to know whatyou would liketo drink.")wheat - n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces thegrainwheel - n. a round structure that turns around a centerwhen - ad. at what time; at any time ("When will she come home?');conj. during orat the time ("I studied hard when I was in school.")where - ad., conj. at, to or in what place ("Where is his house?""The house wherehe lives is in the old part of the city.")which - pro. used to ask about what one or what ones of a group ofthings or people("Which program do you like best?" "Which students will take thetest?')while - n. a space of time ("Please come to my house for a while.");conj. at orduring the same time ("It may not be a good idea to eat while youare running.")white - ad. having the color like that of milk or snowwho - pro. what or which person or persons that ("Who wants togo?"); the personor persons ("They are the ones who want to go.")whole - ad. the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cutinto pieceswhy - ad. for what cause or reason ("Why did she do it?'); conj. thereason forwhich ("I do not know why she did it.")wide - ad. having a great distance from one side to the other; notlimitedwife - n. a woman who is marriedwild - ad. living and growing in natural conditions and not organizedor supervisedby humans; angry; uncontrolledwill - v. a word used with action words to show future action ("Theywill hold talkstomorrow.")willing - ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing totalk about theproblem.")win - v. to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in acompetition, election orbattlewind - n. a strong movement of airwindow - n. an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filledwith glasswinter - n. the coldest time of year, between autumn and springwire - n. a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carryelectricity orelectronic communications from one place to anotherwise - ad. having much knowledge and understanding; able to useknowledge andunderstanding to make good or correct decisionswish - v. to want; to express a desire forwith - prep, along or by the side of; together; using ("He fixed itwith a tool.");having ("the house with the red door")withdraw - v. to take or move out, away or back; to removewithout - prep, with no; not having or using; free from; not doingwoman - n. an adult female humanwonder - v. to ask oneself; to question ("She wonders if it is true.");n. a feeling ofsurprisewonderful - ad. causing wonder; especially goodwood - n. the solid material of which trees are madeword - n. one or more connected sounds that form a single part of alanguagework - v. to use physical or mental effort to make or do something;n. the effortused to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the jobone does to earnmoneyworld - n. the earth; the people who live on the earthworry - v. to be concerned; to continue thinking that something,possibly bad, canhappenworse - ad. more bad thanworth - n. value measured in moneywound - v. to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a personor animal; n. aninjury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is usuallycut or brokenwreck - v. to damage greatly; to destroy; n. anything that has beenbadly damagedor brokenwreckage - n. what remains of something severely damaged ordestroyedwrite - v. to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface,such as paperwrong - ad. not correct; bad; not legal; opposite rightYyear - n. a period of time equal to twelve monthsyellow - ad. having the color like that of gold or the sunyes - ad. used to express agreement or to permityesterday - n. the day before todayyet - ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?'); now;at this time ("Icannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was shining,yet it wascold.")you - pro. the person or persons being spoken toyoung - ad. in the early years of life; not oldzzero - n. the number meaning none or nothingzoo - n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at andstudyCOMMON PREFIXESdis - not (dishonest, disobey)pro - for, supporting (pro-labor, pro-government)re - to do again (reorganize, reunite)self - used to show that the person or group acting is the oneaffected by the action,or to show that the action is done only by its own effort orpower (self-declared,self-appointed)un - not (unusual, unhappy)COMMON EXPRESSIONScarry out - to do; to put into effect ("Please carry out the plan.")pass a bill - approve ("Congress is expected to pass a bill to cuttaxes.")take steps - to start to do something ("The government will takesteps to haltinflation.")WORDS USED IN VOA SPECI AL ENGLI SHSCI ENCE PROGRAMSatom - a very small part of all things; the smallest part of anelement that can joinwith parts of other elementsbacteria - living things that are one cell and can be seen onlythrough a microscope;some cause diseasecell - a small mass of living material that is part of all plants andanimalschromosome - a line of genes; most human cells contain 46chromosomescompound - a substance containing two or more elementsdense - close together; thickelectron - a small part of an atom that has an electrical forceelement - one of more than 100 substances known to science thatcannot beseparated into other substancesenzyme - a special kind of protein; it produces changes in othersubstances withoutbeing changed itselffetus - unborn youngfission - a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is splitto producenuclear energyfusion - a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles arejoined together toproduce nuclear energygenes - parts of cells that control the growth and development ofliving things;genes from the mother and father are passed to the child; genescontain nucleicacidgenetic engineering - the science of changing the genes of a livingorganismgravity - the force that pulls things toward the center of the earthimage - a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thinglaser - an instrument that makes a thin, powerful lightmagnet - a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force;this pulling forceis called magnetismmolecule - the smallest amount of a chemical substance that canexistnerve - a thin piece of tissue that sends information through thebody to and fromthe brainnucleus - the center part of an atom or cellnucleic acid - a molecule that holds the genetic informationnecessary for life; thereare two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA(ribonucleicacid)nutrient - a food or substance that makes plants, humans or animalsgroworgan - a part of the body that has a special purpose, such as theheart or brainorganism - a living thing, often so small it can be seen only througha microscopeparticle - a very small piece of matterproteins - substances responsible for the growth of tissue and forfixing damagedtissuerobot - a machine that moves and performs taskstissue - living material; a group of cells that are similar inappearance and do thesame thingvirus - a kind of organism that causes diseasex-rays - a kind of radiation that can pass through most solidmaterials, often used inmedicineORGANS OF THE BODYheart - pumps blood through the bodyintestines - tubes through which food passes after it is broken downin the stomach;part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the bodykidney - cleans liquid wastes from the bodyliver - makes some proteins and enzymes; removes poisons fromthe bloodlung - takes in and expels air from the bodyprostate - a part of the male reproductive systemstomach - breaks down food for the body to useuterus - a part of the female reproductive system where a fetusdevelops。