人教版名词性从句讲义.pdf

名词性从句讲义一、定义：在复合句中相当于一个名词，做主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句二、引导词：1.连词:that,if,whether,as if2.连接代词：who,what,which,whose,whom以及wh+ever3.连接副词：when,where,why,because,how三、引导词的作用：1.连词只有连接的功能，而不在从句中充当句子成分2.连接代词和连接副词不但有连接的功能，同时还要在从句中充当特定的句子成分，主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语主 语 从 句基本概念1.定义：在复合句中作句子主语的从句叫做主语从句2.构成：关联词+简单句3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类：连词 that、whether;疑问代词 who,what,which;疑问副词 when,where,how,why 连词that（无词意），whether（是否），在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用;whether能引导主语从句，而 if不能That you dont like him has nothing to do with me.Whether John will do this experiment remains a question.（2）疑问代词who,what,which,在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced.What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.Which school will win the prize is not known.Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown.Whichever you take will be yours.Whoever wants this book may take it.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.(3)疑问副词when,where,how,why在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语When they will start hasnt been decided yet.Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story.How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery.Why he often comes here is known to us all.难点1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。

常以it作形式主语的句型有：A.It+be+形容词(well-known,obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that 从句如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam.亳无疑问她考试成绩会很好It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了B.It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,commonKnowledge,a surprise,a fact,etc.)+that 从句如：Ifs a pity that we cant g o.很遗憾我们不能去Its no surprise that our team should have won the gam e.我彳门没赢这场比赛真意夕卜C.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that 从句。

如：It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了 北京It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from beingpolluted.有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流受到污染D.It appears/seems that.(似乎.)It happens that.(碰巧.)It occurred to me that.(我突然想起.)It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice 似乎不来参加晚会It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了E.It+doesnt matter(makes no difference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。

如:It doesnt matter whether she will come or n o t.她是否来这无关紧要It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别F.当 that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时:要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置如:Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?卜 周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?他们明天不来很要紧吗？G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置如：How strange it is that the children are so quiet!孩子们这么安静真奇怪!2.注意连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person w ho)来的人将受至U 欢迎。

Whatever he did was right.(whatever=the thing th a t)他所做的事情是正确的 Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of you who)你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励O表 语 从 句基本概念1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句2.构成：关联词+简单句3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1)从属连词that如：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了2)从属连词 whether,as,as if如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样The question is whether they will be able to help u s.问题是他们是否能帮我们注：从属连词if 一般不用来引导表语从句，但 as if却可引导表语从句，如：All this was over twenty years ago,but its as if it was only yesterday.这都是2 0 多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。

能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等如：It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了3)连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词 where,when,how,why如：The problem is who we can get to replace h e r.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢The question is how he did i t.问题是他是如何做此事的That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上 了阁楼干的难点1.连词because可引导表语从句如：I think it is because you are doing too m uch.我想这是因为你做得太多2.引导表语从句的that不省略，that仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何意义The impression he makes on me is that he is a reliable person.他给我的印象是他是一个可靠的人。

3.the reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导，我们学生易犯“the reason is because”的错误The reason why the little actress has been such a success is that she is both clever andhard-working.4.在表示命令order等，建议suggestion,advice等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，should可省略His suggestion is that we(should)hold another meeting to discuss the problem.5.whether可引导表语从句，表“是否”，它在从句中不充当成分，if不能引导表语从句宾 语 从 句基本概念1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句2.构成：关联词+简单句3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：从属连词that如：He told us that he felt i ll,他对我们说他感到不舒服I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了注：that在引导宾语从句时也并非任何情况下都可以省略。

在以下情况下，that不能省略Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.（and 连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.（that 引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe,（that 从句位于句首时，that不可省略我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for aprobationary period.（主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他段试用期。