初中7-9年级英语语法大全.pdf

初中F年级英语i暨 大 全I语法网络图I.名词的种类：一.名 词专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II.名词的数：-s或-es现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:1.规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以S,X,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以-fsK-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves加-Schief-chiefs,proof-proofs,1 页 共 7 6 页2.不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-。

结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-Struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths.纳如下：2 页 共 7 6 页例词规则1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer,means,works,fish,yuan,jin.3只有复数形式trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses.4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class,family,crowd,couple,group,government,population,team,public,party6复数形式表示特别含义customs（海关），times（时代），spirits（情绪），drinks（饮料），sands（沙滩），papers（文件报纸），looks（外表）,brains（头脑智力），greens（青菜）7表小“某加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,3 页 共 7 6 页III.名词的所有格：国人”Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man 或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers,men servants1.S所有格的构成：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。

所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加S构 成，二是由介词of加名词构成前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father.Jacks book,herson-in-law s photo.复数名一般在末尾加the teachers room,the twins,4 页 共 7 6 页词mother,不规则复数名词后加sthe children,s toys,women,srights.以S结尾的人名所有格加S或者Dickens novels,Charlesr s job,the Smiths,house表示各自的所有关系时，各名词末尾均须加SJapans and America,s problems,Jane s and Mary s bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加SJapan and America s problems,Jane and Mary s father表 示 某人家“店 铺”，所有格后名词省略the doctor s,the barber s,thetailor s,my uncle s2.s所有格的用法:1表示时间today s newspaper,five weeksholiday2表示自然现象the earth s atmosphere,the tree sbranches3表示国家域市等地方的名词the country,s plan,the world1 spopulation,China s industry4表示工作群体the ship s crew,majority,s view,theteam,s victory5 页 共 7 6 页3.of所有格的用法:5表示度量衡及价值a mile s journey,five dollars,worthof apples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the life s time,the play s plot7某些固定词组a bird s eye view,a stone s throw,atone s wit s end（不知所措）用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair,the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of thefirst-year students用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed二.冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a,an）,定 冠 词（the）,和零冠词。

不定冠词的用法：1指一类人或事，相当于akind ofA plane is a machine that canfly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表 示 每 一 相 当 于every,oneWe study eight hours a day.6 页 共 7 6 页4表 示“相同 相当于thesameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr.Smith came to visit youwhen you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定词组中A couple of,a bit,once upon atime,in a hurry,have a walk,many a time7用于 quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于 so(as,too,how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you canwish to meet.II.定冠词的用法:1表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe,the moon,thePacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind openingthe door?4用于乐器前面play the violin,play the7页 共7 6页guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach,the living,thewounded6表 示“一 家 人 或 夫 妇 the Greens,the Wangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the twochildren.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States,theCommunist Party of China,the French9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was inventedin China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990,s11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前He patted me on theshoulder.in.零冠词的用法：1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University,Jack,China,love,air2名词前有 this,my,whose.I want this book,not that8 页 共 7 6 页三.代 词：some,no,each,every 等限制one./Whose purse is this?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made Presidentof America.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前He likes playingfootball/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train,by air,by land7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife,knife andfork,day and night8表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.I.代词可以分为以下七大类:1人称代词主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2物形容词my,your,his,her,its,our,their9 页 共 7 6 页II.不定代词用法注意点：主代词性名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs3反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves4指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some5疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever6关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as7不定代词one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/a few/a little.other/another,all/both,neither/either1.one,some 与 any:1)one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。

some多用于肯定 句，any多用于疑问句和否定句One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks?No,I don t have anybookmarks.I have some questions to ask.第 1 0 页。