膈肌脚及膈脚后间隙english.ppt

The Diaphragmatic Crura and Retrocrural SpaceNormal Imaging Appearance, Variants, and Pathologic ConditionsGuo Xiaochao2010.7.22RadioGraphics 2008;28:1289-1305•The retrocrural space (RCS) is a small triangular region within the most inferior posterior mediastinum bordered by the two diaphragmatic crura. •Multiplanar imaging modalities allow evaluation of the RCS as part of routine examinations. •Normal structures within the retrocrural region include the aorta, nerves, the azygos and hemiazygos veins, the cisterna chyli with the thoracic duct, fat, and lymph nodes.Anatomic Considerations•Diaphragm and Diaphragmatic Crura•Lymph Nodes, Cisterna Chyli, and Thoracic Duct 52% at lymphangiography; 1.7% at CT; 15%–96% at MR•Aorta•Azygos and Hemiazygos Veins•Paravertebral Venous Plexus valveless•Sympathetic Trunk and Splanchnic Nerves•Cisterna Chyli & Thoracic Duct•Paravertebral Venous Plexus•Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Bochdalek hernia(95%) Morgagni's hernia(2%) •Partial duplication of the diaphragm•Discontinuity of the diaphragm•Congenital Anomalies of the IVCAnatomic Variants and AnomaliesAbnormalities of the Crura•Lymphadenopathy •Neoplasms•Foregut Malformations•Vascular Disorders•Infammatory Conditions•Infections•Other AbnormalitiesAbnormalities of the RCS•Lymphadenopathy (6mm)•NeoplasmsThese can be categorized according to their cell of origin into neurogenic, mesenchymal, germ cell, and lymphoid tumors.Neurogenic tumorsganglion cell tumorsnerve sheath tumorsparaganglia•Vascular DisordersInfammatory Conditions•Retroperitoneal fbrosis•Steroid-induced retrocrural lipomatosis•Spondylosis deformans•Pancreatic pseudocystsInfections•Diabetes, immunosuppression, intravenous drug abuse, anemia, and urinary tract infections Conclusions•Despite the small area that encompasses the RCS, there is a wide variety of pathologic conditions within this region, which is located at the posterior confnes of the inferior thorax and upper abdomen. •An understanding of the anatomy, the normal variants, and the multiple pathologic conditions affecting the diaphragmatic crura and retrocrural structures facilitates the diagnosis of disease.。