最新动画专业英语精品课件.ppt

动画专业英语动画专业英语动画：animation►►二维动画二维动画：２Ｄ　２Ｄ　animation animation 卡通：卡通：cartooncartoon►►三维动画三维动画：３Ｄ　３Ｄ　animation animation 漫画：漫画：comicscomics►►日本漫画：日本漫画： manga manga►► D D: dimensionaldimensional►► [di5menFEnEl] [di5menFEnEl]►► adj. adj.►► 空间的空间的►►Stop motion :Stop motion :►►Clay animation:Clay animation: Transformers 变形金刚►►Transformers is a new Hollywood Transformers is a new Hollywood blockbusterblockbuster which has not only which has not only taken America by stormtaken America by storm, it , it has also been a number one film in China as well. has also been a number one film in China as well. ►►The film has The film has earnedearned over 100 million RMB and it over 100 million RMB and it has has outdoneoutdone all the other American films all the other American films at the at the box officebox office in China this year. It is expected to in China this year. It is expected to even double that figure in the future. even double that figure in the future. ►►For those of you who might not know, For those of you who might not know, transformers were famous toys back in the 1980s. transformers were famous toys back in the 1980s. They are robots that They are robots that transformtransform into things like into things like vehiclesvehicles or animals. or animals. To promoteTo promote the sale of the the sale of the toys back then, a television toys back then, a television cartooncartoon series was series was created, which was created, which was equallyequally popular popular ►►A film of the cartoon was released in 1986 A film of the cartoon was released in 1986 called The Transformers: The Movie. That called The Transformers: The Movie. That film was film was setset 20 years in the future – in 20 years in the future – in the year 2005!the year 2005!►►This new film is This new film is a remakea remake of the 1980s of the 1980s animatedanimated movie. It's an movie. It's an action thrilleraction thriller with lots of with lots of special effectsspecial effects. . ►►It's the story of a boy Sam who buys a car, It's the story of a boy Sam who buys a car, only to find out it is actually a transformer only to find out it is actually a transformer known as an Autobot. The Autobots aren't known as an Autobot. The Autobots aren't the only Transformers though. Autobots the only Transformers though. Autobots are battling against Decepticons, both of are battling against Decepticons, both of which are which are made upmade up words in English for words in English for these characters. these characters. ►►The biggest fans of the new film are not The biggest fans of the new film are not the kids it is aimed at – it's actually the the kids it is aimed at – it's actually the adults who were fans of the toys and adults who were fans of the toys and cartoons back in the 1980s. Sales of the cartoons back in the 1980s. Sales of the toys are toys are set toset to increase as a result of the increase as a result of the success of the film. success of the film. ►►Michael Bay is the Michael Bay is the directordirector of the film. He is known for his of the film. He is known for his previous blockbusters Armageddon and Pearl Harbour. In previous blockbusters Armageddon and Pearl Harbour. In view of the popularity of the film in China, Michael has view of the popularity of the film in China, Michael has launchedlaunched a Chinese language website so he can a Chinese language website so he can communicate with his Chinese municate with his Chinese fans.►►The film was released on 11th July in China but British The film was released on 11th July in China but British Transformer fans have had to wait a little bit longer to see Transformer fans have had to wait a little bit longer to see it. Transformers only came out in cinemas in the UK this it. Transformers only came out in cinemas in the UK this week but it is week but it is predictedpredicted to excite the audiences just as to excite the audiences just as much over here.much over here.►►Glossary Glossary 词汇表词汇表 ►►blockbuster – blockbuster – 热门电影热门电影 taken America by storm – taken America by storm – 风靡美风靡美 ►► 国国 ►►earned – earned – 收入，盈利收入，盈利 outdone – outdone – 超过了超过了 ►►at the box office – at the box office – 在票房收入中在票房收入中 transform – transform – 转变，变形转变，变形 ►►vehicles – vehicles – 车辆车辆 to promote – to promote – 宣传宣传 ►►cartoon – cartoon – 卡通卡通 equally – equally – 同样的同样的 ►►set – set – 设立在设立在(20(20年后的将来年后的将来) a remake – ) a remake – 重拍重拍 ►►animated – animated – 动画的动画的 action thriller – action thriller – 动作片动作片 ►►special effects – special effects – 电影特技电影特技 made up – made up – 虚构虚构 ►►set to – set to – 应该会（增加）应该会（增加） director – director – 导演导演 ►►launched – launched – 推出，启动推出，启动 predicted – predicted – 预言预言 ►►1. Reading Quiz 1. Reading Quiz 阅读测验阅读测验 ►►Are these sentences true or false? Circle the correct answer. Are these sentences true or false? Circle the correct answer. ►►以下句子哪句是真以下句子哪句是真? ?哪句是假？请圈出正确答案。

哪句是假？请圈出正确答案 ►►1. The new Transformers film is really popular in America and China. True / 1. The new Transformers film is really popular in America and China. True / ►► False False ►►2. The TV cartoon series wasn’t as popular as the toys. True / False 2. The TV cartoon series wasn’t as popular as the toys. True / False ►►3. The 1980s animated film was set in the year 2050. True / False 3. The 1980s animated film was set in the year 2050. True / False ►►4. You will not find the words Autobot or Decepticon in an English dictionary. 4. You will not find the words Autobot or Decepticon in an English dictionary. ►► True / False True / False ►►5. The Transformers film came out on the same day in the UK and in China. 5. The Transformers film came out on the same day in the UK and in China. ►► True / False True / False ►►2. Vocabulary 2. Vocabulary 词汇词汇 ►►Transform is word which simply means change. Can you match up the Transform is word which simply means change. Can you match up the ►►words you might recognise on the left with the more complicated words you might recognise on the left with the more complicated ►►words on the right that basically have the same meaning? words on the right that basically have the same meaning? ►►Transform Transform 和和change change 都是指改变的意思。

试试你能不能为以下的形容词都是指改变的意思试试你能不能为以下的形容词1-61-6从从a a至至e e ►►中选出相应的含义中选出相应的含义 ►►1. change a. utter 1. change a. utter ►►2. say b. observe 2. say b. observe ►►3. stop c. occur 3. stop c. occur ►►4. watch d. consider 4. watch d. consider ►►5. happen e. transform 5. happen e. transform ►►6. think f. halt 6. think f. halt ►►Now complete the sentences below choosing the correct word from the Now complete the sentences below choosing the correct word from the ►►right-hand column above. right-hand column above. ►►请选用上面请选用上面(a - f)(a - f)词表中挑选适当的形容词来完成以下语句。

词表中挑选适当的形容词来完成以下语句 ►►1. I went to __________ the student baseball team to see how good they 1. I went to __________ the student baseball team to see how good they ►► were. were. ►►2. They had to __________ the tennis match because it started to rain. 2. They had to __________ the tennis match because it started to rain. ►►3. My grandad isn’t very talkative. He sits and reads a lot and he will only 3. My grandad isn’t very talkative. He sits and reads a lot and he will only ►► __________ a few words when you see him. __________ a few words when you see him. ►►4. Someone stole my mobile phone last week. I hope that doesn’t 4. Someone stole my mobile phone last week. I hope that doesn’t ►► __________ again soon! __________ again soon! ►►5. I need to __________ whether I can afford to move to the city or not. 5. I need to __________ whether I can afford to move to the city or not. ►►6. Robots __________ into cars in the new Transformers film. 6. Robots __________ into cars in the new Transformers film. ►►3. Anagrams 3. Anagrams 组词填空组词填空 ►►Can you transform these anagrams to make one of the words in the Can you transform these anagrams to make one of the words in the ►►right-hand column? right-hand column? ►►试试重新排列组合次序混乱的词语试试重新排列组合次序混乱的词语(1-6), (1-6), 看能不能组成右面的词看能不能组成右面的词(a-f)(a-f)。

►►1. arms r sent for a. animated 1. arms r sent for a. animated ►►2. rot sob b. director 2. rot sob b. director ►►3. buckets rob l c. transformers 3. buckets rob l c. transformers ►►4. mean it da d. blockbuster 4. mean it da d. blockbuster ►►5. c lifts space fee e. special effects 5. c lifts space fee e. special effects ►►6. order it c f. robots 6. order it c f. robots ►►Now complete the summary below using the words in the right-hand Now complete the summary below using the words in the right-hand ►►column above. column above. ►►从把上面词表中挑选正确的词语填空造句。

从把上面词表中挑选正确的词语填空造句 ►►_________ is a new Hollywood __________. It is a remake of the _________ is a new Hollywood __________. It is a remake of the ►►__________ movie from the 1980s. Transformers are __________ that can __________ movie from the 1980s. Transformers are __________ that can ►►change themselves into something else like a car or an animal. The film is an change themselves into something else like a car or an animal. The film is an ►►action thriller that has lots of __________. The __________ is Michael Bay action thriller that has lots of __________. The __________ is Michael Bay ►►who is famous for his work on other Hollywood blockbusters like Armageddon who is famous for his work on other Hollywood blockbusters like Armageddon ►►and Pearl Harbour. and Pearl Harbour. 4. Wordsearch 4. Wordsearch 单词搜索单词搜索 Try to find the words associated with Transformers in the puzzle Try to find the words associated with Transformers in the puzzle below. below. ►►There are ten words to find. Words can be written horizontally (g), There are ten words to find. Words can be written horizontally (g), ►►vertically (i) or diagonally (m) vertically (i) or diagonally (m) ►►请在下面的字谜游戏中，找出与变形金刚有关的英语单词来。

请在下面的字谜游戏中，找出与变形金刚有关的英语单词来 ►►共有共有1010个单词，其组成方式可能以水平的个单词，其组成方式可能以水平的 (g) (g) 垂直的垂直的(i) (i) 或对角的或对角的(m) (m) 形式出现形式出现 ►► transformers film movie remake toys transformers film movie remake toys ►► fans cinema vehicles cartoon box office fans cinema vehicles cartoon box office ►►Answers Answers 答答 ►►1. Reading Quiz 1. Reading Quiz 阅读测验阅读测验 2. Vocabulary 2. Vocabulary 词汇词汇 ►►Are these sentences true or false? Circle the Transform is word which simply means change. Are these sentences true or false? Circle the Transform is word which simply means change. ►►correct answer. Can you match up the words you might recognise correct answer. Can you match up the words you might recognise ►►以下句子哪句是真以下句子哪句是真? ?哪句是假？请圈出正确答案。

哪句是假？请圈出正确答案 on the left with the more complicated words on on the left with the more complicated words on ►► the right that basically have the same meaning? the right that basically have the same meaning? ►►1. The new Transformers film is really popular in 1. The new Transformers film is really popular in ►► America and China. True Transform America and China. True Transform 和和 change change 都是指改变的意思。

试试你能不能都是指改变的意思试试你能不能 ►► 为以下的形容词为以下的形容词1-61-6从从a a至至e e中选出相应的含义中选出相应的含义 ►►2. The TV cartoon series wasn’t as popular as the 2. The TV cartoon series wasn’t as popular as the ►► toys. False 1. e 2. a 3. f 4. b 5. c 6. D toys. False 1. e 2. a 3. f 4. b 5. c 6. D ►►3. The 1980s animated film was set in the year 2050. Now complete the sentences below choosing the 3. The 1980s animated film was set in the year 2050. Now complete the sentences below choosing the ►► False correct word from the right-hand column above. False correct word from the right-hand column above. ►► 请选用上面请选用上面 (a - f) (a - f)词表中挑选适当的形容词来完成以下语句。

词表中挑选适当的形容词来完成以下语句 ►►4. You will not find the words Autobot or Decepticon in 4. You will not find the words Autobot or Decepticon in ►► an English dictionary. True 1. I went to observe the student baseball team to an English dictionary. True 1. I went to observe the student baseball team to ►► see how good they were. see how good they were. ►►5. The Transformers film came out on the same day in 5. The Transformers film came out on the same day in ►► the UK and in China. False 2. They had to halt the tennis match because it the UK and in China. False 2. They had to halt the tennis match because it ►► started to rain. started to rain. ►► 3. My grandad isn’t very talkative. He sits and reads a 3. My grandad isn’t very talkative. He sits and reads a ►► lot and he will only utter a few words when you lot and he will only utter a few words when you ►► see him. see him. ►► 4. Someone stole my mobile phone last week. I hope 4. Someone stole my mobile phone last week. I hope ►► that doesn’t occur again soon! that doesn’t occur again soon! ►► 5. I need to consider whether I can afford to move 5. I need to consider whether I can afford to move ►► to the city or not. to the city or not. ►► 6. Robots transform into cars in the new 6. Robots transform into cars in the new ►► Transformers film. Transformers film. ►►3. Anagrams 3. Anagrams 组词填空组词填空 4. Wordsearch 4. Wordsearch 单词搜索单词搜索 ►►Can you transform these anagrams to make one Can you transform these anagrams to make one ►► r t r t ►►of the words in the right-hand column? of the words in the right-hand column? ►► v e h i c l e s r v e h i c l e s r ►►试试重新排列组合次序混乱的词语试试重新排列组合次序混乱的词语(1-6), (1-6), 看能不能组成右面看能不能组成右面 m b a a m b a a ►►的词的词(a-f)(a-f)。

►► a o r n a o r n ►►1. c 2. f 3. d 4. a 5. e 6. b k x t s 1. c 2. f 3. d 4. a 5. e 6. b k x t s ►►Now complete the summary below using the e o o m f Now complete the summary below using the e o o m f ►►words in the right-hand column above. f a n s o o words in the right-hand column above. f a n s o o ►►从上面的词表中挑选正确词语填空造句。

从上面的词表中挑选正确词语填空造句 f v n r f v n r ►► t i f i l m t i f i l m ►►Transformers is a new Hollywood blockbuster. It is a Transformers is a new Hollywood blockbuster. It is a ►► o c i n e m a e e o c i n e m a e e ►►remake of the animated movie from the 1980s. Transformers remake of the animated movie from the 1980s. Transformers ►►blockbusterblockbuster热门电影热门电影 earnedearned收入，盈利收入，盈利 at the box officeat the box office在票房收入中在票房收入中 vehiclesvehicles车辆车辆 cartooncartoon卡通卡通 setset设立在设立在(20(20年后的将来年后的将来) ) animatedanimated动画的动画的 special effectsspecial effects电影特技电影特技 set toset to应该会（增加）应该会（增加） launchedlaunched推出，启动推出，启动 taken America by stormtaken America by storm►►风靡美国风靡美国 outdoneoutdone超过了超过了 transformtransform转变，变形转变，变形 to promoteto promote宣传宣传 equallyequally同样的同样的 a remakea remake重拍重拍 action thrilleraction thriller动作片动作片 made upmade up虚构虚构 directordirector导演导演 predictedpredicted预言预言 Snoopy Comic Strips This is retrieving? Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节中秋节►►On 25th September this year, people all over China On 25th September this year, people all over China will be getting together to eat with their families, will be getting together to eat with their families, look at the moon and celebrate one of the biggest look at the moon and celebrate one of the biggest festivals in the Chinese lunar calendar.festivals in the Chinese lunar calendar.►►However, the celebrations stretch far beyond the However, the celebrations stretch far beyond the borders of China. Here in the UK events are taking borders of China. Here in the UK events are taking place for Chinese people living here, and to teach place for Chinese people living here, and to teach the people of Britain more about this popular the people of Britain more about this popular festival.festival.►►The Soho Theatre in London conducted a study The Soho Theatre in London conducted a study which showed that Chinese Londoners don't engage which showed that Chinese Londoners don't engage much with the arts world. As a result, 'Moonwalking much with the arts world. As a result, 'Moonwalking In China' has been created to celebrate the Mid-In China' has been created to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival.Autumn Festival.How many mooncakes will you eat this year? ►►This is no normal This is no normal theatre productiontheatre production though, as it though, as it doesn't take place in the theatre. doesn't take place in the theatre. Theatre professionalsTheatre professionals and and volunteersvolunteers from the local community will take from the local community will take audiences around the streets of Soho on a magical audiences around the streets of Soho on a magical lantern-litlantern-lit walk through the walk through the landmarkslandmarks and and backstreetsbackstreets of Chinatown. of Chinatown. ►►They tell the story of three They tell the story of three generationsgenerations of Chinese of Chinese Londoners who all Londoners who all cross pathscross paths one night in Chinatown. one night in Chinatown. Rabbits, karaoke and a woman who lives on the moon all Rabbits, karaoke and a woman who lives on the moon all feature prominentlyfeature prominently. .►►It's the Soho Theatre's first It's the Soho Theatre's first site-specificsite-specific production and production and looks to be a looks to be a uniqueunique way of marking the famous Chinese way of marking the famous Chinese festival.festival.►►And the celebrations don't stop there! In early October the And the celebrations don't stop there! In early October the British Museum is actually opening late for a special free British Museum is actually opening late for a special free Mid-Autumn Festival event. There will be Chinese musical Mid-Autumn Festival event. There will be Chinese musical performances, a guess-the-mooncake-flavour game and performances, a guess-the-mooncake-flavour game and you can learn how to perform you can learn how to perform a fan dancea fan dance. .►►You can also You can also try your hand attry your hand at a variety of other a variety of other traditional Chinese traditional Chinese arts and craftsarts and crafts, as well as learning , as well as learning Mandarin and learning more about the history of China. Mandarin and learning more about the history of China. ►►The Chinese population in the UK is quite large, so no The Chinese population in the UK is quite large, so no doubt there will be events happening not only in the doubt there will be events happening not only in the capital, but all around the country. capital, but all around the country. ►►However you are celebrating, we hope you have fun. However you are celebrating, we hope you have fun. Happy mid-Autumn festival from everyone at BBC Learning Happy mid-Autumn festival from everyone at BBC Learning English!English!►►the Chinese lunar the Chinese lunar calendarcalendar中国农历中国农历bordersborders边界边界engageengage参与参与theatre productiontheatre production剧作剧作volunteersvolunteers志愿者志愿者landmarkslandmarks地标性建筑地标性建筑generationsgenerations世世代代世世代代feature prominentlyfeature prominently显著的显著的uniqueunique独一无二的独一无二的try your hand attry your hand at试试手试试手►►stretch far beyondstretch far beyond远远超越远远超越conducted a studyconducted a study进行一项研究进行一项研究the arts worldthe arts world艺术世界艺术世界theatre professionalstheatre professionals戏剧界专业人戏剧界专业人lantern-litlantern-lit点燃灯笼的点燃灯笼的backstreetsbackstreets后街后街cross pathscross paths交叉交叉site-specificsite-specific实地的实地的a fan dancea fan dance扇舞扇舞arts and craftsarts and crafts工艺工艺Applying the 12 Principles to 3D Animation ►►The The twelve principles of animationtwelve principles of animation were created in the were created in the early 1930s by animators at the Walt Disney Studios. early 1930s by animators at the Walt Disney Studios. These principles were used to guide production and These principles were used to guide production and creative discussions as well to train young animators better creative discussions as well to train young animators better and faster. These twelve principles became one of the and faster. These twelve principles became one of the foundations of hand-drawn cartoon character animation. foundations of hand-drawn cartoon character animation. The twelve principles, as they are commonly referred to, The twelve principles, as they are commonly referred to, also helped to transform animation from a novelty into an also helped to transform animation from a novelty into an art form. By applying these principles to their work these art form. By applying these principles to their work these pioneering animators produced many of the earliest pioneering animators produced many of the earliest animated feature films that became classics: Snow White animated feature films that became classics: Snow White (1937), Pinocchio and Fantasia (1940), Dumbo (1941), and (1937), Pinocchio and Fantasia (1940), Dumbo (1941), and Bambi (1942). Bambi (1942). ►►The twelve principles are mostly about five things: acting The twelve principles are mostly about five things: acting the performance, directing the performance, representing the performance, directing the performance, representing reality (through drawing, modeling, and rendering), reality (through drawing, modeling, and rendering), interpreting real world physics, and editing a sequence of interpreting real world physics, and editing a sequence of actions. The original principles are still relevant today actions. The original principles are still relevant today because they help us to create more believable characters because they help us to create more believable characters and situations. They can be applied to almost any type of and situations. They can be applied to almost any type of animation, even though they work best for comedy. But, animation, even though they work best for comedy. But, some of these principles require updates, and a few new some of these principles require updates, and a few new additional principles are also needed to address the new additional principles are also needed to address the new techniques and styles of three-dimensional computer techniques and styles of three-dimensional computer animation.animation.►►Animation techniques and styles, and the scope of productions, have changed Animation techniques and styles, and the scope of productions, have changed tremendously since the 1930s. The dominant, almost exclusive, style of animation then tremendously since the 1930s. The dominant, almost exclusive, style of animation then was hand-drawn pose-to-pose cartoon narrative animation. Today we have more styles was hand-drawn pose-to-pose cartoon narrative animation. Today we have more styles including non-linear interactive videogames and non-narrative music videos. In the 1930s including non-linear interactive videogames and non-narrative music videos. In the 1930s some animation techniques and capabilities were underdeveloped, camera moves and some animation techniques and capabilities were underdeveloped, camera moves and lighting for example, or misunderstood: rotoscoping or stop-motion. Consider too the lighting for example, or misunderstood: rotoscoping or stop-motion. Consider too the new tools that have transformed our craft: hand-held cameras, television, non-linear new tools that have transformed our craft: hand-held cameras, television, non-linear editing, compositing, motion capture, computer graphics and procedural tools. Other editing, compositing, motion capture, computer graphics and procedural tools. Other artforms have greatly evolved since the 1930s, creating new languages and new artforms have greatly evolved since the 1930s, creating new languages and new principles. It is time to do the same with animation, it is time to reinterpret and expand principles. It is time to do the same with animation, it is time to reinterpret and expand the original principles. We also need to create new additional principles that address the original principles. We also need to create new additional principles that address today’s new animation styles and techniques. This is our collective challenge.today’s new animation styles and techniques. This is our collective challenge.►►Scope Scope 范围范围 tremendously tremendously巨大的巨大的 dominant dominant 占统治地位的占统治地位的, ,主流的主流的 exclusive exclusive 唯一的唯一的 ►►Narrative Narrative 叙事性的叙事性的 underdeveloped underdeveloped不发达的不发达的 procedural procedural程序上的程序上的►►Reinterpret Reinterpret 重新解释重新解释 expand expand 展开展开, ,扩张扩张 collective collective集合性的集合性的, ,共同的共同的►►Squash and stretchSquash and stretch, the first principle from the original , the first principle from the original twelve, is used to exaggerate the amount of non-rigid body twelve, is used to exaggerate the amount of non-rigid body deformations usually with the purpose of achieving a more deformations usually with the purpose of achieving a more comedic effect. Three-dimensional squash and stretch can comedic effect. Three-dimensional squash and stretch can be implemented with a variety of techniques: skin and be implemented with a variety of techniques: skin and muscle, springs, direct mesh manipulation and morphing. muscle, springs, direct mesh manipulation and morphing. It can also be implemented in more experimental ways It can also be implemented in more experimental ways with weighting, especially for dynamics simulations, and with weighting, especially for dynamics simulations, and unusual IK systems.unusual IK systems.►►挤压与伸展挤压与伸展 rigid rigid 钢性的钢性的 implemented implemented 实现实现►►Springs Springs 弹性跳跃弹性跳跃 直接网格操作直接网格操作 morph morph变形变形►►ImplementedImplemented贯彻执行贯彻执行 dynamics simulations dynamics simulations动力学模拟动力学模拟►►The technique of The technique of anticipationanticipation helps to guide the audience’s eyes to helps to guide the audience’s eyes to where the action is about to occur. Anticipation, including motion where the action is about to occur. Anticipation, including motion holds, is great for “announcing the surprise.” In three-dimensional holds, is great for “announcing the surprise.” In three-dimensional computer animation it can be fine-tuned using digital time-editing tools computer animation it can be fine-tuned using digital time-editing tools such as time sheets, timelines, and curves. More anticipation equals such as time sheets, timelines, and curves. More anticipation equals less suspense. Horror films, for example, switch back and forth from less suspense. Horror films, for example, switch back and forth from lots of anticipation to total surprise. lots of anticipation to total surprise. ►►suspensesuspense►►[sEs5pens] [sEs5pens] ►►n.n.►►焦虑焦虑焦虑焦虑, , 悬念悬念悬念悬念, , 悬而不决悬而不决悬而不决悬而不决►►fine-tuned fine-tuned 精调谐精调谐, , 微调微调►►back and forthback and forth►►adv.adv.►►来来往往地来来往往地来来往往地来来往往地, , 来回地来回地来回地来回地►►Switch vt.Switch vt.►►转换转换转换转换, , 转变转变转变转变布局布局►►StagingStaging, or , or mise-en-scènemise-en-scène as it is also known, is about translating the mood as it is also known, is about translating the mood and intention of a scene into specific character positions and actions. Staging and intention of a scene into specific character positions and actions. Staging the key character poses in the scene helps to define the nature of the action. the key character poses in the scene helps to define the nature of the action. Three-dimensional animatics are a great tool for previsualizing and blocking out Three-dimensional animatics are a great tool for previsualizing and blocking out the staging before the primary, secondary and facial animation. There are many the staging before the primary, secondary and facial animation. There are many staging techniques to tell the story visually: hiding or revealing the center of staging techniques to tell the story visually: hiding or revealing the center of interest, and a chain reaction of actions-reactions are a couple of them. Staging interest, and a chain reaction of actions-reactions are a couple of them. Staging can also be aided with contemporary cinematic techniques such as slow motion, can also be aided with contemporary cinematic techniques such as slow motion, frozen time, motion loops, and hand-held camera moves. frozen time, motion loops, and hand-held camera moves. ►►intentionintention►►[in5tenFEn][in5tenFEn]►►n.n.►►意图意图, , 目的目的►►block outblock out►►封闭封闭, ,拟大纲拟大纲, ,设计设计►►aidedaided►►[5eidid][5eidid]►►半自动的半自动的►►contemporarycontemporary►►[kEn5tempErEri][kEn5tempErEri]►►n.n.►►同时代的人同时代的人►►adj.adj.►►当代的当代的, , 同时代的同时代的►►Straight-ahead action and pose-to-pose are two different animation techniques Straight-ahead action and pose-to-pose are two different animation techniques that yield fairly different results. In the early days of hand-drawn animation that yield fairly different results. In the early days of hand-drawn animation pose-to-pose actionpose-to-pose action became the standard animation technique because it became the standard animation technique because it breaks down structured motion into a series of clearly defined key poses. In breaks down structured motion into a series of clearly defined key poses. In s straight-ahead actiontraight-ahead action the character moves spontaneously through the the character moves spontaneously through the action one step at a time until the action is finished. Motion capture and action one step at a time until the action is finished. Motion capture and dynamics simulations, even three-dimensional rotoscoping, are clearly the dynamics simulations, even three-dimensional rotoscoping, are clearly the straight-ahead techniques of three-dimensional computer animation. They can straight-ahead techniques of three-dimensional computer animation. They can all be blended intelligently using channels.all be blended intelligently using channels.►►yieldyield►►[ji:ld][ji:ld]►►出产出产, , 生长生长, , 生产生产►►( (～～ to) to)屈服屈服, , 屈从屈从►►产量产量, , 收益收益►►structurestructure►►[5strQktFE][5strQktFE]►►n.n.►►结构结构, , 构造构造, , 建筑物建筑物►►vt.vt.►►建筑建筑, , 构成构成, , 组织组织►►Defined Defined 规定的规定的►►spontaneousspontaneous►►[spCn5teinjEs, -niEs][spCn5teinjEs, -niEs]►►adj.adj.自然地自然地, , 本能地本能地rotoscoping《A Scanner Darkly》《《A Scanner DarklyA Scanner Darkly》所用到的技术名叫》所用到的技术名叫rotoscopingrotoscoping，，这种技术可以说是传统动画技术的一个分支，而对真这种技术可以说是传统动画技术的一个分支，而对真人拍摄片断的跟踪是其主要内容。

电影中所使用的软人拍摄片断的跟踪是其主要内容电影中所使用的软件运用了插值算法为了使电影呈现出独特的、超现件运用了插值算法为了使电影呈现出独特的、超现实主义的视觉效果，每一帧都要被改变成油画的风格实主义的视觉效果，每一帧都要被改变成油画的风格利用插值软件，我们可以使得利用插值软件，我们可以使得RotoscopingRotoscoping在处理速度方面比在处理速度方面比其他形式的动画风格更加的快速，但是在里面加入我们想要的其他形式的动画风格更加的快速，但是在里面加入我们想要的细节部分则是非常头疼的一件事为了保证电影能够按照预定细节部分则是非常头疼的一件事为了保证电影能够按照预定的计划完成，每位动画师每周要完成大约的计划完成，每位动画师每周要完成大约100100帧的工作任务，帧的工作任务，这这100100帧相当于影片中的帧相当于影片中的4 4秒完成整部电影耗费了秒完成整部电影耗费了5050名动画名动画师近一年半的时间其他形式的动画都包括了手绘动作的步骤，师近一年半的时间其他形式的动画都包括了手绘动作的步骤，这样可以更好的理解物体运动的过程但是在这样可以更好的理解物体运动的过程但是在rotoscopingrotoscoping中，中，动作是事先拍摄好的，也就是说动作捕捉的过程已经完成。

在动作是事先拍摄好的，也就是说动作捕捉的过程已经完成在这里需要一种额外的技能，这就将实际拍摄的照片艺术性的表这里需要一种额外的技能，这就将实际拍摄的照片艺术性的表现出来为了完成这项重要的工作，我们需要雇佣比传统动画现出来为了完成这项重要的工作，我们需要雇佣比传统动画更多的插画师更多的插画师 ►►Follow-through and overlapping action are two techniques Follow-through and overlapping action are two techniques that help make the action richer and fuller with detail and that help make the action richer and fuller with detail and subtlety. subtlety. Follow-through actionFollow-through action consists of the reactions consists of the reactions of the character after an action, and it usually lets of the character after an action, and it usually lets audiences know how he or she feels about what has just audiences know how he or she feels about what has just happened or is about to happen. In happened or is about to happen. In overlapping actionoverlapping action multiple motions influence, blend, and overlap the position multiple motions influence, blend, and overlap the position of the character. In three-dimensional computer animation of the character. In three-dimensional computer animation a lot of the common follow-through motions of clothing a lot of the common follow-through motions of clothing and hair, for example, can be animated with dynamics and hair, for example, can be animated with dynamics simulations. The layers and channels in three-dimensional simulations. The layers and channels in three-dimensional computer animation software allow us to mix and blend computer animation software allow us to mix and blend different overlapping motions from different areas of the different overlapping motions from different areas of the character.character.►►Slow-inSlow-in and and slow-outslow-out consist of consist of slowing down the beginning and the end slowing down the beginning and the end of an action, while speeding up the of an action, while speeding up the middle of it. A snappy effect is achieved middle of it. A snappy effect is achieved when motion is accelerated and retarded when motion is accelerated and retarded in this way. In three-dimensional in this way. In three-dimensional computer animation slow-ins and slow-computer animation slow-ins and slow-outs can be fine-tuned with digital time-outs can be fine-tuned with digital time-editing tools. When using motion capture editing tools. When using motion capture techniques for cartoon-style animated techniques for cartoon-style animated characters it is essential to remind characters it is essential to remind performers to do slow-ins and slow-outs. performers to do slow-ins and slow-outs. The inverse variation of this effect, a The inverse variation of this effect, a fast-in and fast-out, is often times seen fast-in and fast-out, is often times seen in TV commercials and music videos in TV commercials and music videos where the beginning and end of the where the beginning and end of the sequence are accelerated while the sequence are accelerated while the middle is slowed down giving it a surreal middle is slowed down giving it a surreal or dreamy feeling. or dreamy feeling. snappysnappy爽快的爽快的acceleratedaccelerated加速的加速的retardretard( (潮水涨退等潮水涨退等) )迟延迟延; ; 耽误耽误, , 减速减速flattenflatten变平变平, , 变单调变单调essentialessential本质的本质的, , 实质的实质的inverse variationinverse variation变化变化, , 改变改变变化的程度变化的程度surrealsurreal超现实主义的超现实主义的come acrosscome across来到来到, , 偶遇偶遇, , 给人给人印象深刻印象深刻不期而遇不期而遇, ,交付交付►►Using Using arcsarcs to animate the movements of characters helps to animate the movements of characters helps achieve a natural look because most living creatures move achieve a natural look because most living creatures move in curved paths, never in perfectly straight lines. Non-arc in curved paths, never in perfectly straight lines. Non-arc motion comes across as sinister, restricted or robotic. In motion comes across as sinister, restricted or robotic. In three-dimensional computer animation we can use three-dimensional computer animation we can use software constraints to force all or some of the motion software constraints to force all or some of the motion within arcs. Even motion-captured performances can be within arcs. Even motion-captured performances can be fine-tuned with curve editors, as long as the motion is not fine-tuned with curve editors, as long as the motion is not flattened. flattened. ►►Secondary actionSecondary action consists of the smaller consists of the smaller motions that complement the dominant motions that complement the dominant action. In three-dimensional computer action. In three-dimensional computer animation we can take advantage of layers animation we can take advantage of layers and channels for building up different and channels for building up different secondary motions, for example, a layer for secondary motions, for example, a layer for hair, a layer for the character's hat, a layer hair, a layer for the character's hat, a layer for the cape, and so on.for the cape, and so on.►►TimingTiming is the precise moment and the is the precise moment and the amount of time that a character spends on amount of time that a character spends on an action. Timing adds emotion and an action. Timing adds emotion and intention to the character’s performance. intention to the character’s performance. Most three-dimensional computer Most three-dimensional computer animation tools allow us to fine tune the animation tools allow us to fine tune the timing by shaving off or adding frames with timing by shaving off or adding frames with non-linear time-editing. Timing can also be non-linear time-editing. Timing can also be controlled and adjusted by placing each controlled and adjusted by placing each character on a separate track, and using character on a separate track, and using sub-tracks for parts of the character such sub-tracks for parts of the character such as head, torso, arms and legs.as head, torso, arms and legs. torso torso（人体的）躯干（人体的）躯干consist ofconsist ofv. v.由由......组成组成complementcomplementvt.vt.补助补助, , 补足补足take advantage oftake advantage ofv. v.利用利用capecape[keip][keip]n.n.披肩，斗篷；海角披肩，斗篷；海角preciseprecise[pri5sais][pri5sais]adj.adj.精确的精确的, , 准确的准确的n.n.精确精确►►ExaggerationExaggeration usually usually helps cartoon characters helps cartoon characters to deliver the essence of to deliver the essence of an action. A lot of an action. A lot of exaggeration can be exaggeration can be achieved with squash achieved with squash and stretch. In three-and stretch. In three-dimensional computer dimensional computer animation we can use animation we can use procedural techniques, procedural techniques, motion ranges and motion ranges and scripts to exaggerate scripts to exaggerate motion. The intensity of motion. The intensity of a moment can be a moment can be increased with increased with cinematography and cinematography and editing, not just with editing, not just with performance. performance. essence[5esns]n.基本, [哲]本质,procedural[prE5si:dVErEl]adj.程序上的range[reindV]n.山脉, 行列, 范围, 射程intensity[in5tensiti]n.强烈, 剧烈, 强度亮度cinematography[7sinimE5tC^rEfi]n.电影摄影术►►Solid modeling and riggingSolid modeling and rigging, or , or solid drawing as it was called in solid drawing as it was called in the 1930s, emphasizes the clear the 1930s, emphasizes the clear delineation of shape necessary to delineation of shape necessary to bring animated characters to life. bring animated characters to life. Solid and precise modeling helps Solid and precise modeling helps to convey the weight, depth and to convey the weight, depth and balance of the character, and it balance of the character, and it also simplifies potential also simplifies potential production complications due to production complications due to poorly modeled characters. poorly modeled characters. Animation rigs are at their best Animation rigs are at their best when they are optimized for the when they are optimized for the specific personality and motion of specific personality and motion of the character. Pay attention to the character. Pay attention to silhouettes when aligning silhouettes when aligning characters to the camera.characters to the camera.solid[5sClid]固体, 立体rigging索具, 绳索, 传动装置, 装备emphasize强调, 着重强调delineationn.描绘convey传达, 转让potential潜在的, 可能的, complication[7kCmpli5keiF(E)n]n.复杂化, (使复杂的)因素due to由于, 应归于optimize使最优化specific特效药, 细节aligning[E5lainiN]矫正(路线), (直线)对准►►Character personalityCharacter personality, or appeal as , or appeal as it was originally called, facilitates the it was originally called, facilitates the emotional connection between emotional connection between character and audience. Characters character and audience. Characters must be well developed, have an must be well developed, have an interesting personality, and have a interesting personality, and have a clear set of desires or needs that drive clear set of desires or needs that drive their behavior and actions. Complexity their behavior and actions. Complexity and consistency of motion are two and consistency of motion are two elements of character appeal that can elements of character appeal that can be easily developed with three-be easily developed with three-dimensional computer animation. dimensional computer animation. Writing down the ways in which the Writing down the ways in which the character moves, how he/she reacts to character moves, how he/she reacts to different situations, and how he/she different situations, and how he/she relates to other characters can help relates to other characters can help define the main characteristics of the define the main characteristics of the character’s personality. Fine-tune the character’s personality. Fine-tune the personality with the key poses and the personality with the key poses and the character turnarounds.character turnarounds.AppealAppeal魅力, 吸引力, 感染力facilitation[fE,sIlI`teiFEn]n.简易化, 助长complexity[kEm5pleksiti]n.复杂性consistency[kEn5sIstEnsI]n.一致性, 连贯性define[di5fain]vt.定义, 详细说明►►A Little History & A Basic Definition:A Little History & A Basic Definition:►►There has long been two general schools of approaching animation. Straight ahead and pose to pose. Straight ahead is There has long been two general schools of approaching animation. Straight ahead and pose to pose. Straight ahead is what it sounds like: the animator just charges in and starts animating in a very stream of consciousness sort of way. what it sounds like: the animator just charges in and starts animating in a very stream of consciousness sort of way. This results in some genuinely inspired animation that flows extremely well. It also ends up in alot of dead ends and wasted effort when This results in some genuinely inspired animation that flows extremely well. It also ends up in alot of dead ends and wasted effort when the animator realizes he's painted himself into a corner. Pose to pose animation is also much as it sounds, the animator realizes he's painted himself into a corner. Pose to pose animation is also much as it sounds, The animator picks some seminal poses that, when timed correctly, capture the energy and direction of the shot. The animator picks some seminal poses that, when timed correctly, capture the energy and direction of the shot. The animator then will go and create these poses and hit the timings, working to deliver the shot with structure. The animator then will go and create these poses and hit the timings, working to deliver the shot with structure. This often times ends up with some of the most powerful animation with very strong poses and tight timing, distilling This often times ends up with some of the most powerful animation with very strong poses and tight timing, distilling the animation down to the very core of it's being. It also often ends up looking stiff and mechanical and very stilted the animation down to the very core of it's being. It also often ends up looking stiff and mechanical and very stilted when the animator isn't careful to think about keeping things alive.when the animator isn't careful to think about keeping things alive.►►approachapproach►►[E5prEutF][E5prEutF]►►vt.vt.►►接近接近, , 动手处理动手处理►►consciousnessconsciousness►►[5kCnFEsnis][5kCnFEsnis]►►n.n.►►意识意识, , 知觉知觉, , 自觉自觉, , 觉悟觉悟, , 个人思想个人思想►►genuinelygenuinely►►adv.adv.►►真诚地真诚地, , 诚实地诚实地►►inspiredinspired►►[in5spaiEd][in5spaiEd]►►adj.adj.►►得到灵感的得到灵感的, , 有灵感的有灵感的, , 权威人士权威人士( (或官方或官方) )授意的授意的►►corecore►►[kC:][kC:]►►n.n.►►果核果核, , 中心中心, , 核心核心►►stiffstiff►►[stif][stif]►►adj.adj.►►硬的硬的, , 僵直的僵直的, , 拘谨的拘谨的, , 呆板的呆板的, , 艰难的艰难的, , 费劲的费劲的, , 僵硬的僵硬的►►mechanicalmechanical►►[mi5kAnikl][mi5kAnikl]►►adj.adj.►►机械的机械的, , 机械制的机械制的, , 机械似的机械似的, , 呆板的呆板的►►stiltedstilted►►[5stIltId][5stIltId]►►adj.adj.►►踩高跷的踩高跷的, , 虚饰的虚饰的►►In CGI animation, often times folks fall into two camps: realistic or In CGI animation, often times folks fall into two camps: realistic or "creature" animation and cartoony animation. Pose to pose, by it's "creature" animation and cartoony animation. Pose to pose, by it's strong nature, lends itself very well to cartoony animation, and straight strong nature, lends itself very well to cartoony animation, and straight ahead, due to it's fluidity lends itself very well to creature ahead, due to it's fluidity lends itself very well to creature animation. But it would be a crime to say that there the boundaries lie animation. But it would be a crime to say that there the boundaries lie and never shall they be violated. There's room for using a and never shall they be violated. There's room for using a pose to pose approach in realistic animation, as long as the animator is pose to pose approach in realistic animation, as long as the animator is careful to loosen things up enough in the end. careful to loosen things up enough in the end. And straight ahead animation works wonderfully for cartoons. Just And straight ahead animation works wonderfully for cartoons. Just watch some older Disney work to see this. watch some older Disney work to see this. ►►The term The term pop-thrupop-thru is a stop-motion term that some of us have is a stop-motion term that some of us have borrowed in CG. In stop-mo, there's not much of an "undo" feature, borrowed in CG. In stop-mo, there's not much of an "undo" feature, so the animator would often do a quick 'pop-thru' of their shot to get a so the animator would often do a quick 'pop-thru' of their shot to get a sense for pose and timing. They may do this a few times, sense for pose and timing. They may do this a few times, gradually revising their work until they felt they had the performance gradually revising their work until they felt they had the performance down fairly well. Then they'd go ahead and animate their down fairly well. Then they'd go ahead and animate their shot with the puppet. In CG we're looking at doing things in a similar shot with the puppet. In CG we're looking at doing things in a similar way. But the beauty of doing popThru in CG is that we don't way. But the beauty of doing popThru in CG is that we don't need to treat these poses as disposable. Rather, we can use them as need to treat these poses as disposable. Rather, we can use them as building blocks for our whole work, adding to them as we go building blocks for our whole work, adding to them as we go until we at last have our animation.until we at last have our animation.。