物理中英语单词.docx

I、测量(measurement)物理学physics测量measure(vt.)测量工具measuringtool测量范围measuringrange最小刻度divisionvalue实验experiment实验室laboratory误差error亥U度尺meterruler零刻度线zerograduationline长度length单位unit面积area千米kilometer米meter平方米squaremeter立方米cubicmeter分米decimeter厘米centimeter毫米millimeter微米micron纳米nanometer时间time小时hour分钟minute秒second毫秒millisec0nd体积volume升Liter毫升Milliliter天平balance祛码weights游码rider质量mass吨ton千克kilogram克gram毫克milligram停表stopwatch力force牛顿Newton测力计dynamometer弹簧秤springbalancen、运动(simplemotion)方向direction位置Position路程Path静止tres相对运动r e l a t i v e昭直线 运 动r e c t i l i near曲线运动c u r v i l i near八、、变速直线运动variablerectilinearmotion匀速直线运动unifor执八、、摄氏度cent i grade物体object状态state固体solid液体liquid气体gas物态变化statetransformation晶体crystal非晶体noncrystal熔化melting凝固solidification熔点meltingpoint凝固点solidifyingpoint汽化vaporization蒸发evaporation沸腾boiling沸点boilingpoint液化liquefaction升华sublimation凝华condensation扩 散吸引 力排斥 力冰 箱d i fa t t r ar e p u lr e f rf u sc t i v es i v ei g e ri o nforceforcea t o r热传递heattransfer热传导heatconduction热对流heatconvection热辐射heatradiation吸收abs0rb(v^)放出release(v^)热量heat比热(容)specificheat(capacity)IV、光(light)光源lightsource光的直线传播rectilinearpropagationoflight均匀介质well-distributedmedium光速velocityoflight小孔成像imagebypinghole日食solareclipse月食lunareclipse光的色散dispersionoflight平面镜planemirror光的反射reflectionoflight反射定律reflectionlaw入射光线incidentray反射光线reflectedray法线normal镜面反射mirrorreflection漫反射diffusereflection入射角incidentangle反射角reflectionangle海市蜃楼mirage光的折射refractionoflight折射光线refractedray折射角refractionangle光屏(屏幕)screen照相机camera潜望镜periscope幻灯机slideprojector电影放映机filmprojector空气air真空vacuum蜡烛candle透镜lens凸透镜convexlens凹透镜concavelens会聚c0nverge(v^)发散diverge(v^)焦距focallength实像realimage虚像virtualimage(主)光轴principal0Pticalaxis光心opticalcenteroflens放大的amplified缩小的reduced正立的erected倒立的inverted放大镜magnifier玻璃glass水waterV、 磁(magnetism)磁体magnet小磁针magneticneedle磁场magneticfield天然磁体naturalmagnet磁极magneticpole地磁场geomagneticfield人造磁体man-mademagnet南极northpole北极Southpole电流的磁场magneticfieldofelectriccurrent条形磁铁barmagnet磁感线magneticinductionline蹄形磁铁horseshoemagnet磁化magnetization电磁铁electromagnetVI、 声音(sound)振动vibrate声波waveofsound振幅amPlitude介质medium日调Pitch噪日noise传播travel响度loudness乐音voice声速velocityofsound音色musicalquality分贝decibel(dB)回声echo频率frequencyvn、力(force)重力gravity惯性inertia动力motiveforce重心centerofgravity平衡equilibrium阻力resistance摩擦力frictionforce压强pressure动力臂powerarm动擦Pasfriction(Pa)阻 力 臂滚动摩擦resiarm液体压强action-linefriction大气压强atmosphericofpressurepullpressurforce标准大气压standardatmospherepressure定滑轮fixedpulley浮力buoyancyforce气压计barometer动滑轮movablepulley力的图示forcediagram托里拆利Torricelli滑轮组pulleyblock力的大小magnitudeofforce阿基米德原理Archimedesprinciple功work力的方向directionofforce密度density功率power力的作用点actingpointofforce潜水艇submarine机械效率mechanicalefficiency合力resultantforce热气球fireballoon有用功usefulwork分力componentforce飞艇airship额外功extrawok力的合成compositionofforces简单机械simplemechanics总功totalwork形变deformation杠杆lever斜面inclinedplane牛顿第一定律Newton'sFirstLaw支点pivot皿、电(electricity)电荷electriccharge正极positiveplate电压voltage带电体chargedbody负极negativeplate伏特Volt摩擦起电electrificationbyfriction电路electriccircuit伏特计voltmeter正电荷positivecharge通路closedcircuit电阻resistance负电荷negativecharge开路opencircuit欧姆Ohm导体conductor短路shortcircuit变阻器rhe0stat绝缘体insulator电路图circuitmap滑动变阻器slidewirerheostat半导体semiconductor串联seriesconnection欧姆定律Ohm'slaw电源powersource并联parallelconnection电功electricwork导线wire电量electricquantity电功率electricpower电键key(switch)电流electriccurrent额定电压ratedvoltage干电池drycell安培Ampere额定电功率ratedpower蓄电池storageplate安培计ammeter。