
最新定语从句讲解及练习.doc
7页定语从句I•定语从句引导词的基本用法综述指代成分是否可省略关系代词that指认;指物主语;宾语;表语作宾语时可省略which指物;指主句全部或部分内容主语;宾语;表语作宾语时可省略who指人主语;宾语(非正式用法);表语作宾语时可省略whom指人宾语作宾语时可省略whose指人;指物定语不可省略as指物;指一句话内容主语;宾语,表语,定语不可省略关系副词when指时间时间状语不可省略where指地点地点状语不可省略why指原因原因状语不可省略如何正确选择定语从句的引导词根据定语从句引导词的基本用法选择定语从句的引导词:⑴判断先行词及先行词的具体内容(指人、指物、地点或时间)⑵判断引导词在定语从句中的成分作用如果在从句中作主语或宾语,用关系代词that,which,who,whom;如果在从句中作状语(地点、时间、原因),则用关系副词where,when,why;如果在定语从句中作定语,则用whose.⑶在非限制性定语从句中不能用thatU•限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句标志主句与从句之间没有逗号主句与从句之间用逗号隔开关系词that,which,who,whom,where,when,why,whosewhich,who,whom,where,when,whose关系词省略与否1.关系词作宾语时可省可不省。
2.关系副词作主语,定语和状语时不可省,关系词作任何成分都不可省关系副词where,when和why引导的定语从句⑴关系副词when引导的定语从句当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词且关系词在定语从句中充当时间状语时,关系词用when,也可以用介词+which来代替whenIwillneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)Iwenttouniversity.① 关系词在定语从句中不作状语时,不能用whenThosewerethedays(that/which)Ispentinthecountryside.⑵关系副词where引导的定语从句当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示地点的名词且关系词在定语从句中充当状语时,用where引导定语从句,也可以用介词+which来代替whereThisisthefactorywhere(inwhich)heworks.当关系词在从句中不作地点状语时不能用whereoTheyworkinafactorythat/whichmakesradioparts.⑶关系副词why引导的定语从句当先行词是表示原因的名词reason且关系词在从句中作状语时,定语从句需要用关系副词我why引导,此时的定语从句说明先行词的内容。
也可以用forreason代替whyDoyouknowthereasonwhythereareheatlossesinasteamengine.① 当先行词是reason但关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,用关系代词which/that.Theteacherbelievedthereason(that/which)hegaveforhisbeinglate.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句介词后的定语从句引导词不用that,指物一般用which;指人一般用whom,常用“介词+which/whom”结构,其中介词的选择是有一定规律的⑴根据和定语从句中谓语动词的搭配关系选择介词eg:Canyoulendmethemagazineaboutwhichyoutalkedyesterday?⑵根据介词和定语从句的先行词的搭配关系选择介词许多名词通常要和一定的介词搭配,当which和whom指代这些名词时,其前就用相应的介词eg:Itwasaprisonfromwhichnooneescaped.⑶根据介词和定语从句句末形容词的搭配关系选择介词有些形容词常和一定的介词搭配如:befamiliarwith,bepoliteto,beproudof,bepleasedwith等。
当这些短语位于句末而which或whom又是介词的宾语时,介词常移至which或whom之前eg:MountLi,forwhichLintongisfamous,isabeautifulplace.⑷根据主句和定语从句的逻辑关系选用介词eg:ChaplinwenttotheUnitedStatesin1910,bywhichtimehehadlearnedtodanceandactincomedies.⑸”名词/代词+介词of+关系代词(which/whom)”多用于表示整体中的一部分,此结构一般用于非限制性定语从句eg:Thisisthenewly-builthouse,thewindowsofwhich(=whosewindows)facethesouth.1. 练习I'msorrynottohaverepliedtoyourletterearly,Iapologize.A.whichB.forwhichC.towhichD.WhomWilliamshowssomechallengingmeansdinersattheirmysterylunchonSundaymighteatthespecialdish.2. .3. A.bywhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.fromwhichTherearetworoomsintheapartment,servesasakitchen.4. A.thesmallerofthemB.thesmallestofwhichC.thesmallerofwhichD.smallestofwhichIwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirstIreallyenjoyed.5. 'sDayisatraditionalfestivalpeoplecanplaytricksonothers.6. A.whichB.whereC.thatD.whenIwouldchoosetoliveintheplacethesunshinesallyearalong.7. A.thatB.whenC.whichD.WhereNowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironmenttheylive.8. A.whatB.whichC.whenD.whereThereasonhemissedthisclassisclearnow.川.as引导的定语从句as作为关系代词,既可指人,也可指物。
在定语从句中可做主语、宾语或表语它常用在thesame...as...,such...as...,as...as等句型中,as不能省略Eg.SuchteacherasknowTomthinkhimverybright.注:当先行词被such,thesame修饰时,也可用that引导定语从句,但指同一物,而不是同一类1. ThisisthesamebikethatIlosttwomonthsago(.同一辆自行车)比较:ThisisthesamebikeasIlosttwomonthsago(.相像的自行车)as引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句的内容从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间Asyouknow,sheisastubborngirl,andIcan'tpersuadehertochangehermind.MoYan,asisknowntousall,wasawardedtheNobelPrizeforliteraturein2012.拓展:as引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达:asweallknow众所周知asIcanremembe正如我所记得的精品文档asyousee如你所见asweexpect正如我们预料的那样ascanbeseen正如所见ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述asoftenhappens正如经常发生的asiswellknown众所周知asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来的那样asis/wasexpected正如预料的那样as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别⑴as可以指前边提到过的事实或情况,其引导的从句可以放在句首、句末,也可以插入主句中;而which指前面提到的事实或情况,其引导的从句一般放在主句之后,如:Thismachine,asmightbeexpected,hasstoppedoperating.⑵as含有“正如,按照,正像”之意,一般用在肯定句中;而which则多用于含否定意义的句子中,如:Hefailedintheexamagain,aswasexpected.他考试又不及格,正如预料的那样。
Hefailedintheexamagain,whichwasunexpected.他考试又不及格,这是没有预料到的⑶当定语从句中所修饰的主语内容是从句谓语动词的宾语时,常用as如:Jackwasadmittedintotheuniversity,aswehadexpected.⑷在固定结构中,一般不能将as替换为which⑸当关系代词代表主句引起的结果,又作“主谓宾补(SVOC)”结构中的主语时,多用which精品文档Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.⑹当关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时,用which,如:Wedidn'tgotothefilm,insteadofwhichwewenttothetheatre.⑺当关系代词在从句中代表主语中的谓语时,常用which,女口:HecanwritealetterinEnglish,whichIcannot.⑻当关系代词指代主句中的一个名词时,多用which,如:Igavehimaninterestingbook,whichhestartedtoreadatonce.⑼当关系代词代替主句中的形容词时常用which,如:1. Hethoughtmeimpatient,whichhehimselfwas练习Thereisnosimpleanswerisoftenthecaseinscience.2. A.asB.thatC.whenD.whereHeisnosuchamanwouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.asAlotoflanguagelearning,hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.1. 3.1wanttoseethesamedictionarywasusedyesterday填空)定语从句练习Amongthemanydangerssailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallfog.2. Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitiestheycangainexperienceforgrowth.'tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstruckinthebranchesofatr。
