Unit 4 Grammar and usage 主谓一致讲义 高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册.docx

主谓一致谓语动词用单数的清况Ø 主语是单数名词或者是不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式Water is useful.The city was founded in the 8th century BC.Ø 不定式、现在分词和从句做主语，谓语动词通常用单数： Playing with fire is dangerous． To read English aloud every morning is of great benefit to you. What makes me annoyed is his negative attitude.Ø 当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时，把这些复数名词看作一个整体谓语动词采用单数形式Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt． Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test．Ten miles seems like a long walk to me．Ø 由and 连接的两个名词指同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数。

两者共用一个限定词)The teacher and writer is her friends. 那位老师兼作家是她的朋友Ø 两个单数名词and连接，表示一个概念或者是不可分割的整体做主语时，谓语动词也用单数常见的此类短语有“war and peace（战争与和平）, iron and steel（钢铁）, a needle and thread（一针一线）, bread and butter（黄油面包）, a horse and cart.（马车）”Egg and rice is her usual breakfast. 早餐她通常吃蛋炒饭Knife and fork is used to eat western food. 刀叉用来吃西餐Ø 一些以-ics结尾的学科名词以及news, works等，常用单数谓语动词形式但当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式这类单词有： economics经济学 electronics电子学 physics物理学 politics政治学 mathematics数学 statistics统计学 Politics is his favorite subject． Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn． His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend．Ø 不定代词“nothing, nobody, something, someone, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone ,everybody等”在句中做主语时，谓语动词一律用单数形式Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 世上无难事，只怕有心人 Someone wants to buy the house．Ø each, every, either, neither, many a ,the whole+单数名词，谓语动词常用单数Every boy gets a prize．Many a page in this book is missing. 这本书缺了许多页注意：each，all，both用作同位语时，谓语动词仍应与主语保持一致 We each have an English-Chinese dictionary．Ø Many a +单数名词、more than one+单数名词、one and a half+复数名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Many a student has distinguished themselves in this final exam.More than one person thinks the law needs to be simplified.One and a half bananas is left on the table．Ø 由no…and no…; each…and each…; every…and every…; many a ….and many a….等构成复合主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式Each teacher and each student was given a book．Every hour and every minute is importantMany a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much．No time and no money is wasted in the whole course.谓语动词用复数的情况² 复数名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数The students are visiting the remains of Pompeii.² 主语由and或both...and...连接，谓语动词用复数形式。

如：You and I have been chosen to represent the company at the conference. (研讨会) 注意：如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数 The teacher and writer is her friend．² 表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers，shoes, glasses, pants, scissors等做主语时，谓语动词用复数 His black trousers are too long．他的黑裤子太长Your glasses are on your nose． 注意:若这些词带有单位词pair of，则由单位词的单复数形式来决定谓语动词的形式 Two pairs of scissors are made in Hangzhou. 这两把剪刀都是杭州产的² 有些集合名词．如：cattle(牛)，people，police，poultry(家禽)等做主语，总是跟复数动词形式The people hope to live a happy life．The police have caught the criminal．Cattle feed on grass．² 名词clothes，works(作“著作”讲)，goods，contents，the Olympic Games的谓语动词一般用复数。

如：Clothes keep people warm． His works have been translated into several foreign languages．² 表示某国人的总称的the Chinese, the British, the Irish等谓语动词用复数The Chinese are hard-working. 中国人民是勤劳的谓语动词单复数由of后的名词决定² 由“some of，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，most of，the rest of，all of，half of，part of或分数（例如：two-thirds of ）、百分数(例如：80% of )+名词”等短语做主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词的数保持一致Half of the apple is rotten．这个苹果的一半腐烂变质了Half of the apples are rotten．这些苹果有一半腐烂变质了About one third of the books are worth reading.大约三分之一的书值得一读Over 30％ of the students were absent from the meeting．就近原则ü or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also).., whether…or…, not…but….等连接的并列成分作主语时，根据就近一致的原则处理。

如： Either the teacher or the students are to blame． Not only the students but also their teacher doesn’t know about it． Neither you nor I know how to do it．ü there be结构中的主谓一致关系，谓语动词通常和最邻近的那个主语一致 There are four chairs and a table in the room．ü 在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致 On the wall are some famous paintings．Between the two windows hangs a picture．就远原则l 当主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，as well as，rather than，but, like，in addition to，as much as，more than，，no less than，except，but，besides，including等连接的词组时No one but Tom and Mike knows anything about it.The professor together with a number of students was doing experiments in the lab at that time.主谓一致的特殊情况Ø 在定语从句中，关系代词做主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致.The news that has been published in today’s newspaper is shocking.ž “one of+复数名词” 后的定语从句关系词做主语，从句谓语动词用复数He is one of the students in our class who have got the first prize.ž “the only(first/very) one of +复数名词” 后的定语从句关系词做主语，从句谓语动词用单数。

He is the only one of the students in our class who has got the first prize.Ø a number of +可数名词复数 做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式（许多）the number of +可数名词复数 做主语时，谓语动词用单数…的数量） A number of new houses have been built there． The number of the people who know the secret is very limited．Ø “a large quantity。