高中英语 Unit3 Grammar课件 新人教版必修2 课件.ppt

The Present Perfect Passive VoiceUnit 3 GrammarObjectiveTolearnandusethepresentperfectpassivevoice.语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律Lookatthefollowingsentences,payingattentiontotheunderlinedpart.OvertimeIhavebeenchangedquitealot.FirstasaPC(personalcomputer)andthenasalaptop,Ihavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.Overtimemymemoryhasdevelopedsomuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.Ihavealsobeenputintorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellashelpwithmedicaloperations.IhaveevenbeenputintospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMoonandMars.现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。

现在完成时的被动语态UnderstandingthestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceThestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceis:have/has+been+ed1.主动语态即主语为动作的执行者；被动语态即主语为动作的承受者现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“已经被”1.Thenewschoolhasbeensetup.新学校已经建成了2.现在完成时被动语态的肯定式为：have/has+been+doneTheexperimenthasbeendonesuccessfully.这个实验做得很成功现在完成时被动语态的否定式为：have/has+not+been+doneTomsnovelhasnotbeenpublished.汤姆的小说还没有被出版现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将have/has提到主语的前面Hashisbikebeenrepaired?他的自行车修好了吗？现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+have/has+been+doneWhohasbeeninvited?谁受到了邀请？现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个概念：1.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。

2.主语是行为动作的承受者现在完成时的被动语态由have/hasbeen+v-ed构成，其中v-ed为过去分词，表示被动Ihavebeentoldaboutitmanytimes.Thebridgehasjustbeenbuilt.在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下两点：1.过去分词前有两个助动词：have/has和been2.必须表示被动注意:1.副词的位置2.often,usually,always,never,hardly,3.seldom等副词置于have/has和been中4.间如:误Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.正Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态(1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态如：误GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.正GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.(2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。

3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词如：Thepatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.(1)把主动语态动语态 的宾语变为宾语变为 被动语态动语态 的主语语2)把谓语变谓语变 成被动结动结 构(be+过过去分词词)(根据被动语态动语态 句子里的主语语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态动语态 句子中动动词词的时态时态 来决定be的形式)主动语态变被动语态的方法(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallthepeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.(4)双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动主动：Ihavegivenhimthekey.被动：Hehasbeengiventhekey.被动：Thekeyhasbeengiven(to)him.(5)带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补保留不动，改称主语补足语主动：Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.被动：Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.(1)误Manynewbuildingsbeenbuiltsince1980.正Manynewbuildingshavebeenbuiltsince1980.分析:谓语部分结构不全,时态部分不完整。

试分析：(2)误Somethingbadhasbeenhappenedtohim.正Somethingbadhashappenedtohim.分析:被动语态误用happen为不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态3)误IhaveintroducedtoMr.Smith.正IhavebeenintroducedtoMr.Smith(byMr.Wang).分析:introduce为及物动词，I是introduce的承受者4)误Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.正Thedoorhasopenedofitself.分析:有些动词如open，break，drop等既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动作的发出者，我们通常用主动语态ofitself意思是“自动地”，因此，此句不可用被动语态Review现在完成时的被动语态肯定结构：have/has+been+done否定结构：have/has+not+been+doneIndividual activity注: 另附 word 文档点击此处链接1.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday_yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecidedQuiz I: Multiple choice. 2.Everypossiblemeans_topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused3.Allthepreparationsforthetask_andwerereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted4._thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.IvebeentoldB.IvetoldC.ImtoldD.Itold5.Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit_.(2007北京)A.hasruinedB.hadruinedC.hasbeenruinedD.hadbeenruined6.Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubs_asbusinesstomakeaprofit.(2008上海)A.haverunB.havebeenrunC.hadbeenrunD.willrun7.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey_manytimesontheradio.(2008安徽)A.taughtB.havetaughtC.aretaughtD.havebeentaught 8.-WhydoestheLakesmellterrible?-Becauselargequantitiesofwater_.(2009福建)A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted9.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey_beforeleavingtheirhometowns.(2010福建)A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised10.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_allovertheword.(2011天津)A.haveproducedB.havebeenproducedC.areproducingD.arebeingproducedQuiz II: Turn the following into the passive voice.1.Wehaveplantedsometreesaroundthelake.2.Myfatherhaslockedthedoor.3.Someonehasturnedoffthelight.Sometreeshavebeenplantedaroundthelake.Thelighthasbeenturnedoff.Thedoorhasbeenlocked.4.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.5.Theyhaverebuiltthebridge.6.Hehasrepairedthemachinefortwohours.Thebridgehasbeenrebuilt.Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.Myhomeworkhasbeenfinished.Quiz III: Put the Chinese into English to complete the sentences.1.Youcanseethehouse_(未油漆)foryears.2.Howmanyworkers_(已派遣)tobuildtherailway?3.WhydoesMarylooksounhappy?She_(被嘲笑)byherclassmates.hasnotbeenpaintedhavebeensenthasbeenlaughedat4.Itissaidthatthehouse_(闯进了)bytwothieves.5._hisviews_(受到批判)bythem?6.Thetwopens_(未被拿走)byhim.7.Thisnewtypeofcomputer_(设计)forteachersandstudents.Havebeencriticizedhavenotbeentakenawayhasbeendesignedbrokenintohasbeen。