非谓语动词作状语down.ppt

不定式不定式过去分词过去分词一般式一般式一般式一般式完成式完成式完成式完成式进行式进行式被被 动动主主 动动to dodoingto be doingto have donehaving done to be donebeing doneto have been donehaving been donedone v-ing非谓语动词的时态、语态非谓语动词的时态、语态 /a.a.表示结果、原因时，不可置于句首表示结果、原因时，不可置于句首e.g. He woke up to find everybody gone. My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.b.b.在某些表示在某些表示喜，恕，哀，乐喜，恕，哀，乐等的形容词后等的形容词后作原因状语：作原因状语：e.g. I am very glad to see you. I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.一．不定式作状语往往表示一．不定式作状语往往表示目的、结果、目的、结果、 原因、条件和比较原因、条件和比较。

不定式的时态与语态不定式的时态与语态1.1.不定式的一般式不定式的一般式to do表示的动作通常与谓语表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作动词表示的动作同时同时发生或在发生或在其后其后发生发生2.不定式的完成式不定式的完成式to have done表示的动作表示的动作发生在谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前之前 I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.He woke up to find everybody gone.3.3.当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者承受者时时, ,一般要用一般要用被动语态被动语态不定式的被动语不定式的被动语态态一般式一般式to be done常表示常表示将来动作将来动作The press conference is to be held tomorrow.The room seems to have been tidied up already4.4.不定式的被动语态不定式的被动语态完成式完成式to have been done表示的动作发生在谓语动作表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前之前 二二. 动词的动词的-ing形式可以作状语形式可以作状语,在句中往往在句中往往时间、时间、结果、原因、条件、让步、行为方式结果、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况或伴随情况等。

等不定式作状语不定式作状语 v-ing形式作状语形式作状语表示出乎意料之外的表示出乎意料之外的结果结果v-ing形式往往与主形式往往与主句有因果关系，主句句有因果关系，主句表原因，表原因， v-ing形式形式表结果表结果a. 不定式和不定式和-ing形式作形式作结果结果状语时的区别状语时的区别1. He hurried to the station, only to find that the train had left.2. The storm left , having caused a lot of damage to the area.表示出乎意料之外的结果表示出乎意料之外的结果表原因表原因表结果表结果b. 动词的动词的-ing形式作形式作条件条件状语时一般位于状语时一般位于句首句首 e.g Going straight down the road, you will find the department store=If you go straight down the road, you will find the department store=Go straight down the road, and you will find the department storeV-ing的时态与语态的时态与语态1.V-ing的一般式的一般式doing表示的动作通常与谓语表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作动词表示的动作同时同时发生发生2. V-ing的完成式的完成式having done表示的动作发生在表示的动作发生在谓语动作谓语动作之前之前 3.3.当当V-ing的逻辑主语是的逻辑主语是V-ing所表示的动作的所表示的动作的承承受者受者时时, , V-ing要用要用被动语态被动语态。

V-ing的被动语态的被动语态一般式（一般式（being done））表示的动作通常与与谓语表示的动作通常与与谓语动作动作同时同时发生 V-ing的被动语态的被动语态完成式完成式（（having been done））表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作发生在谓语动作动作之前之前 三三. 动词的动词的-ed形式作状语时形式作状语时,在句中往往在句中往往表示表示时间、时间、结果、原因、条件、结果、原因、条件、 方式、让步方式、让步等注意：注意：“be+ 过去分词过去分词” 短语在句中出现时，短语在句中出现时，改为非谓语动词作状语时，常用该动词的过去改为非谓语动词作状语时，常用该动词的过去分词作状语分词作状语be caught inbe hidden be worn out be seatedbe dressed inbe lost inbe faced withbe determined to do 解题关键：主语与所填动词的解题关键：主语与所填动词的主被动关系主被动关系确定用确定用V-V-inging/ /过去分词过去分词/ / 不定式的不定式的主被动主被动动式动式解题关键：解题关键： a. a. 如果和谓语动词如果和谓语动词几乎同时发生或紧接几乎同时发生或紧接着发生着发生用一般式用一般式 b. b. 如果两个动作如果两个动作明显有先后明显有先后/ /一个动作一个动作完成后另一动作才发生，用完成式。

完成后另一动作才发生，用完成式2. 非谓语作状语非谓语作状语(一般式一般式/完成式完成式)1. 1. 非谓语作状语非谓语作状语( (主动主动/ /被动被动) )四四. 总结总结3. 3. 要注意的问题要注意的问题 问题一问题一　　 祈使句祈使句+and/or+陈述句陈述句 和和 To do…, +陈述句陈述句 的的区别区别______ the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite. A. To tie B. Tying C. Tied D. Tie______ the problem _____ me and I ‘ll see what I can do with it.A.When left; for B. Leaving; toC. If you leave; with D. Leave; withDD1) ____ but he still could not understand it. 1. A. Told many times 2. B. Having been told many times C. He has been told many times D. Though he had been told many times2) ____ so he had no difficulty ( in ) understanding English. A. Because he had been in London for 3 years B. Having been in London for 3 years C. He having been in London for 3 years D. He had been in London for 3 years问题二问题二 句还子是分词：如果句中有连词（句还子是分词：如果句中有连词（and/ and/ but / or ..but / or ..），），要用句子要用句子. .CD1) Finding her car stolen, _____. (01 上海). A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help2) While watching television, __________. A．the doorbell rang B．the doorbell rings C．we heard the doorbell ring D．we heard the doorbell rings问题三　要特别注意非谓语的逻辑主语问题三　要特别注意非谓语的逻辑主语3. In order to make our city green, _____. (02 上海春季) A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more treesDCD问题四问题四 注意注意介词介词+分词分词和和连词连词+分词分词的用法的用法1. On hearing the news, she began to cry.On returning to Beijing, she called on most of her friends.2. Though separated from each other for almost 20 year, I still recognized her at first sight.3. If robbed, you can call 110.( As soon as she heard the news,…)( Though we were separated,…)( If you are robbed,… )(As soon as she returned to Beijing,…)Thank you 。