couldhavedone用法详解.docx
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could have done 用法详解1. 表示主观猜测：即对已经发生动作或已经存在的状态作出主观上的猜测，通常可译为“可能（已经 )”，有时需根据具体语境来翻译如：Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了，昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过We knew he couldn’t have paid for it, because he had no money. 我们知道不可能是他付了这笔钱，因为他没钱该用法也可将 could 换成 can，但这只限于否定句和疑问句，因为 can 表推测时不用于肯定句（而 could 可以用于肯定句）如：Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗？They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着2. 表示未曾实现的能力：即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“ 本来可以”“本来能力”等如：The worst of it is that I could have prevented the accident. 最糟糕的是我本来可以防止这次事故的。
I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误有时用于反语如：You’ve broken my pen—thanks for nothing, I could have done that for myself. 你把我的笔给弄坏了——你得了吧，就那我自己也会弄3. 表示未实现的可能性：即表示过去本来可能发生情况，而实际上没有发生，通常译为“本来可以”“ 本来可能” 等如：She could have been seriously injured. 她本来可能伤得很重的It’s difficult enough, but it could have been worse. 这事情够困难的了，本来可能会更糟呢有时也可根据语境译为“好在没有”“差点”，尤其是当谈论的是“不好”的情况时如：She felt miserable. She could have cried. 她感到很痛苦，她差点哭了Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? Somebody could have been hurt. 你为什么把瓶子扔出窗外呢？好在没有砸伤人。
4. 表示未曾实现的想法：即表示过去本来有做某事的打算或意图，但实际上没有实现，通常译为“本来可以” 如：I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的你为什么不向我提出？I could have given you some hints, but I suppose you thought yourself too grand. 我本可以给你点提示的，但是我认为你太自负了5. 表示未曾实现的选择：即表示过去本来可以有机会选择做某事，但实际上没有那样做，通常译为“ 本来可以” 如 ：You needn’t have typed it twice. You could have used a carbon. 你没必要打两遍的，你当时本可以用复写纸打You needn’t have walked up; you could have taken the lift. 你没必要走着上去，你本来可以乘电梯的6. 表示批评或责备：即表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事的，但实际上却没有做成，含有批评和责备的意味，通常译为“本来应该”“本来可以 ”等。
如：You could have started a little earlier. 你本可早点动身的You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch? 你本来可以帮我一把嘛——为什么你只是坐在那儿观望呢?7. 表示可能达到的极限：表示即使人们尽力而为去做某事，但还是未能做成，通常用于否定句如：I couldn’t have won, so I didn’t go in for the race. 反正我也赢不了，所以我就没有参加赛跑I couldn’t have enjoyed myself more—it was a perfect day. 我玩得没法再痛快了——这一天简直痛快极了8. 表示惊讶：表示对所发生的情况感到惊奇，含有“竟然”的意味如：It seems inconceivable that the accident could have happened so quickly. 这一事故发生得这么快，简直不可思议Well, I’m blowed! I should never have thought you could have done it. 真想不到! 我从未想到居然办得到。
9. 用于虚拟语气：在虚拟条件句中，当谈论过去的情况时，其句型通常是：主句用“could / would / should /might +have+过去分词” ，从句用过去完成时如：If he had known the facts, he could have told us what to do. 如果他了解事实，他是可能告诉我们怎样做的If anybody had asked me, I could have told them what happened. 如果有谁问过我，我可以告诉他们发生了什么情况10. 用于口语惯用表达：如用于 I could have sworn…，表示“ 我可以发誓”“我千真万确”如：I could have sworn I’d paid that bill. 我可以发誓我付过账I could have sworn I heard a knock at the door. 我千真万确听到了敲门声◆摘自《中学英语高频词详解词典》◆。
