
应收账款管理外文文献.doc
18页MANAGEMENT OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE IN A COMPANY AbstractAccounts receivable management directly impacts the profitability of a company. Firstly, the purpose of the empirical part of the study is to analyze accounts receivable and to demonstrate a correlation between the accounts receivable level and profitability expressed in terms of Retun on Assets (ROA) of companies. Secondly, the aim of theoretical research is to explore cost and benefits of changes in credit policy, determine the independent variables which have an impact on net savings and establish a relationship among them in order to develop a new mathematical model for calculating net savings following a revision of credit policy. On the basis of research result, a mathematical model for calculating net savings and following a revision of credit policy, has been developed and with this model a company can consider different credit policies as well as changes in credit policy in order to improve its income and profitability and establish a credit policy that results in the greatest net profitability. Keywords: accounts receivable, profitability, net savings, credit policy21 sample EKON. MISAO PRAKSA DBK. GOD XXII. (2013.) BR. 1. (21-38) Kontuš, E.: MANAGEMENT OF ACCOUNTS... 1.INTRODUCTIONAccounts receivable is the money owed to a company as a result of having sold its products to customers on credit. The primary determinants of the company's investment in accounts receivable are the industry, the level of total sales along with the company's credit and the collection policies. Accounts receivable management includes establishing a credit and collections policy. Credit policy consists of four variables: credit period, discounts given for early payment, credit standards and collection policy. The three primary issues in accounts receivable management are to whom credit should be extended, the terms of the credit and the procedure that should be used to collect the money. The major decision regarding accounts receivable is the determination of the amount and terms of credit to extend to customers. The total amount of accounts receivable outstanding at any given time is determined by two factors: the volume of credit sales and the average length of time between sales and collections. The credit terms offered have a direct bearing on the associated costs and revenue to be generated from receivables. If credit terms are tight, there will be less of an investment in accounts receivable and fewer bad debt losses, but there will also be lower sales and reduced profits. We hypothesize that by applying scientifically-based accounts receivable management and by establishing a credit policy that results in the highest net earnings, companies can earn a satisfactory profit as well as a return on investment. The purpose of this study is to determine ways of finding an optimal accounts receivable level along with making optimum use of different credit policies in order to achieve a maximum return at an acceptable level of risk. In striving to fill in the gaps relating to net savings from changes in credit policy, the study makes its own contribution to research and thereby to managers by giving them general recommendation. With the aim of completing these gaps, the study will investigate accounts receivables, their management and explore costs and benefits from changes in credit policy as well as net profitability. When a company is considering changes in its credit policy in order to improve its income, incremental profitability must be compared with the cost of discount and the opportunity cost associated with higher investment in accounts receivable. The outcome represents a new mathematical model for calculating net savings from changes in credit policy and with this model a company can consider different credit policies as well as changes in credit policy in order to improve its income and profitability. 22 EKON. MISAO PRAKSA DBK. GOD XXII. (2013.) BR. 1. (21-38) Kontuš, E.: MANAGEMENT OF ACCOUNTS... 2.LITERATURE REVIEW2.1.Accounts receivable managementAccounts receivable represents a sizable percentage of most firms' assets. Investments in accounts receivable, particularly for manufacturing companies, represent a significant part of short-term financial management. Firms typically sell goods and services on both cash and a credit basis. Firms would rather sell for cash than on credit, but competitive pressures force most firms to offer credit. The extension of trade credit leads to the establishment of accounts receivable. 。












