英语(二)课文及重点讲解.doc

1 1 TextText A ACriticalCritical ReadingReading①① (1)Critical reading appliesapplies toto non-fiction writing inin whichwhich the author putsputs forthforth a a positionposition or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves moremore thanthan justjust（不只是，不仅仅是） understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.（启下句）本部分重点及难点：本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析1. Critical reading appliesapplies toto non-fiction writing inin whichwhich the author putsputs forthforth a a positionposition or seeks to make a statement.apply to sb./sth.= be applicable to sb./sth.apply 的派生词：application, applicant, applicable②② ConsiderConsider thethe contextcontext ofof whatwhat isis writtenwritten. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context thanthan yours. (2)Or, you may be reading something written somesome timetime ago in a different time context than yours. (3)In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. 本部分重点及难点：本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析2. Or, you may be reading something written somesome timetime ago in a different time context than yours. some time注意区分：sometime / sometimes / some times3. InIn eithereither casecase, you must recognize and taketake intointo accountaccount any differences between your valuesvalues andand attitudesattitudes and thosethose represented by the author. 不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。

those 是代词，代替前面的复数名词 values and attitudes代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用 that例如：The students in your class are more hard-working than those in his class.The values of the young people differ from those of their elders.Your voice is more beautiful that that of your classmates.The price of that book is higher than that of this one.③③ QuestionQuestion assertionsassertions mademade byby thethe authorauthor. Don't accept what is written atat faceface valuevalue. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support.（承上句） Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities. ④④ CompareCompare whatwhat isis writtenwritten withwith otherother writtenwritten workwork onon thethe subject.subject. (4)Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies. （承上句）本部分重点及难点：本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析4. Look to see that what is written isis consistentconsistent withwith what others have written about the subject.be consistent with 与……一致consistconsist vi. 组成（of）；在于（in）；符合（with）The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.This doesn't consist with what you told me earlier. 这和你先前告诉我的不符合。

consist 的派生词：consistent, inconsistent, consistency, inconsistency⑤⑤ AnalyzeAnalyze assumptionsassumptions mademade byby thethe authorauthor. (5)Assumptions are whateverwhatever the author must believe isis truetrue in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author's assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions.（承上启下句） Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.⑥⑥ EvaluateEvaluate thethe sourcessources thethe authorauthor usesuses. In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.（承上句） Finally if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current（启下句）. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the currentcurrent statestate ofof knowledgeknowledge inin physicsphysics.⑦⑦ IdentifyIdentify anyany possiblepossible authorauthor biasbias. (6)A written discussion of American politics will likelylikely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. (7)What is written may very well reflect a a biasedbiased positionposition. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written with “a grain of salt.“⑧⑧ By being a critical reader, you will become betterbetter informedinformed and may changechange youryour viewsviews asas appropriateappropriate.本部分重点及难点：本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析5. Assumptions are whateverwhatever thethe authorauthor mustmust believebelieve isis truetrue in order to make assertion。