八年级英语下册语法宾语从句外研.pdf

复合句 概念:复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句，从句须有引导词或叫连词引出，否则复合句不成立由于连词既起连接主句和从句的作用，表明主从句之间的关系，还在从句中充当一定的成份，有一定的意义，故复合句中的连词常成为考查的焦点 宾语从句 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如： I know the man. 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： I know that the man is a policeman. 主句 引导词 从句 中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面： 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态 一. 宾语从句的种类 1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句that 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。

这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the bus stop is I don’t know why the train is late. 3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句If 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否”例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 注意一下情况只用 whether，不用 if whether 引导的从句常可以与连词 or 或 or not 直接连用如： 正： Let me know whether you can come or not. 误： Let me know if you can come or not. 2. 当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用 whether 引导。

如： 正： Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell. 误： If it is true or not, I can’t tell. 3. whether 可以引导带 to 的不定式如： 正： I don’t know whether to accept or refuse. 误： I don’t know if to accept or refuse. 4. whether 及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语如： 正： I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 误： I worry about if I hurt her feelings. 二. 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序例如： I hear (that) physics isn’t easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting. 三. 宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。

如： I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时） 例如： He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 如何改为宾语从句 A.三关 1. 引导词关 ①陈述句，引导词用 that（that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略） ； ②一般疑问句，引导词用 if/whether； ③特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。

2. 语序关 ①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy. ②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序如： Does he work hard？I wonder. →I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. 注意：有些疑问句本身就是陈述语序 1. Who went there yesterday Mary wanted to know. → Mary wanted to know who went there yesterday. 2. What’s the matter with the clock He wondered. → He wondered what was the matter with the clock. 3. 时态关 ①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。

如： I have heard（that）he will come back next week. ②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态如： He said（that）there were no classes yesterday. 注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时如： He said that light travels much faster than sound. B.人称的变化和标点的使用 1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化如： “May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I knew her telephone number. 2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。

如： Who will give us a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk. Do you knowWhere does he live →Do you know where he lives？ 其他问题 A)if 和 when 既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下如： If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come. （时间状语从句）if 表示“如果，要是” I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）if 表示“是否” B)从句的简化 1. 当主句谓语动词是 find，see，watch，hear 等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 V-ing 形式如： She found that the wallet lay on the ground. →She found the wallet lie on the ground. She found that the wallet was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lying on the ground. 2. 当主句谓语动词是 hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree 等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。

如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths. 3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构如： Can you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Can you tell me how to get to the station？ 中考范例 Green didn’t tell us _____ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she liveD. where she lived 【解析】答案：D该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选 D 2. Would you please tell me ______ A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didn’t watch the game 【解析】答案：D。

该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时 3. I don’t know when ____. the train leaveB. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 【解析】答案：B该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态只有 B 在语序和时态上符合要求 4. ---We don’t know _____. ---It is said that he was born in Sweden. he isB. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 【解析】答案: C该题考查的是宾语从句的语序按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人A 和 B 可以排除掉,D 的语序不对，只有 C 正确 're not sure if it ___________ tomorrow. If it ___________，we won’t climb the South Hill. A. will snow；snows B. will snow；will snow C. snows；snows D. snows；will snow 解析：答案为 A 项。

题干中前句 if 引导的是宾语从句，后句 if 引导的是条件状语从句，故选 A 项 6. I don’t know what I should do with the letter.（改为简单句） I don’t know what _______ _______ with the letter. 解析：当主句谓语动词是 know，learn，forget，remember 等，其后接疑问词（连接代词／副词） 引导的宾语从句， 且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时， 宾语从句可简化成“疑问词 （连接代词／副词+不定式（短语）结构，故空白处填 to do 将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句 1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong. 2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound. 3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know. Jack didn’t know ______ there ______ ____ a meeting in five days. 4) Can they speak French I want to know. I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French. 5) Are the children playing games Tell me. Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games. 6) Have you finished your homework yet Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao  Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _______ _______ ______ _____ _____ homework yet. 7) How many people can you see in the picture Who knows Who knows _____ _____ ____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture 8) Where did she park her car Do you know Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car 9) What does he often talk about The girl wondered. The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about. 10) Who knocked at the door so loudly I don’t know. I don’ t know _______ _______ at the door so loudly. 11) Does he still live in that street I don't know. I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street. 12) What's his name I asked him. I asked him what _____ _____ ____ ______. 13) When does the train arrive Please tell me. Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________. 14) Do they want fried chicken He asked the boys. He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken. 15）Was the watch made in Shanghai I don't know. I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai. 变人称语序为陈述语序，标点，时态 看看下面的题 1).How does he get on with his new classmates Could you tell me (改为含有宾语从句的复合句) Could you tell me how ______ _____ on with his new classmates 2).What is he doing there Mother didn't know. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句 Mother didn't know what _______ ______doing there. 3).You'd better ask your mother whether is it cheap enough before you try it on. (改错) 4)What's his name I asked him.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句） I asked him what _______ _______ _______. 5) Why didn't he look happy Could you tell me(改为含有宾语从句的复合句) Could you tell me why _______ ______ look happy 6) Does he still live in that street I don't know(改为含有宾语从句的复合句) I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street. 7) Whose children is the old woman looking after Did you find out （改为含有宾语从句的复合句） Did you find out whose children the old woman ______ _______ after 8) The moon moves round the earth. My sister told me.（同上） My sister told me ______ the moon_______ round the earth. 9) I think it is not going to snow tomorrow.（改错） 10). “Do you want to try something new。

” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句转换) Tom's mother asked him________ ________ ________to try something new. 。