机载雷达系统低截获方法研究.pdf

国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文机载雷达系统低截获方法研究姓名：龙颖斌申请学位级别：硕士专业：信息与通信工程指导教师：胡卫东2010-11国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论文 第 i 页摘 要 随着无源探测技术的发展，机载射频系统的辐射信号已经成为暴露飞行器行踪的最大隐患，这就迫切要求机载雷达等射频系统提高自身的低截获（LPI）性能以确保机载平台的安全本文以机载雷达系统隐身设计为背景，围绕低截获概率方法手段以及与环境条件相结合的技战术配合应用问题展开研究主要内容包括以下三个方面： 一、由低截获概率雷达的基本概念入手，分析了低截获概率雷达的截获因子，讨论了雷达各个参数以及各分系统对雷达低截获性能的影响，分析各种低截获概率雷达技术及其对截获因子的改善程度和实现的代价和可行性，总结了雷达隐身可着重发展的技术方法和途径 二、 从接收机截获雷达信号的角度阐述了无源检测的原理和过程， 对决定截获概率大小的空间、能量、时间和频率限制条件进行了深入分析，以与雷达系统对抗的形式讨论了相关参数对检测性能的影响，从而找出能够降低截获概率从而达到射频隐身的有利条件 三、 针对机载平台执行作战任务的战场情况， 分析了可遮蔽雷达系统的地形环境和电磁环境因素，并从能量控制和时频管理两方面着手讨论了保持低截获概率可行的技战术手段，结合具体场景对各种措施进行统筹规划，合理安排应用顺序以实现低截获性能的最优化，将其应用于传统飞行航线并进行了对比分析，对比结果验证了低截获策略的有效性。

本文最后对研究内容进行了总结并给出了进一步研究方向 关键词：LPI 低截获概率 机载雷达系统 射频隐身 策略 国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论文 第 ii 页ABSTRACT With the development of the passive detection technology, the radio frequency signals from the RF systems like radar have become the greatest hazard to explore the trails of aircraft. It is urgent for radar to improve the performance of low probability of intercept (LPI) to insure the safety of the aircraft on which it is mounted. In this dissertation, the methods and measures of implementing LPI，and cooperation tactics of interaction with environment have been discussed in the term of the stealth design for aircraft radar system. The main contributions of this dissertation are summarized as follows: Firstly, to start with the conceptions of LPI radar, the intercept factor of LPI radar are derived. Based on this intercept factor, this paper has analyzed the influences of the parameters of radar system on the performance of LPI, and discussed the various implementation measures of LPI with the extent to which the LPI improves their cost and feasibility to carry out. Secondly, in the view of the interception of radar signal, the thesis discusses the theory and practical process of passive detection. In addition, the restriction conditions of space, energy, time and frequency to lower intercept probability are analyzed. Furthermore, the work discussed the influences of the relative parameters on the performance of detection in the opposite of radar system and then derived the positive conditions which can reduce the intercept probability to achieve the RF stealth. Thirdly, aiming at the battlefield situation where the aircraft maneuvers, the terrain and the electromagnetic environment shielding the radar system have been analyzed. Moreover, in the aspect of energy control and time and frequency management, the utilization of viable techniques and tactic measures to keep low probability of intercept has been discussed. Based on this, the paper lays out each measure and rationally arranges the implement sequence to optimize the performance of LPI. These LPI strategies are validated and compared in the traditional flight scenario. Finally, the conclusion is summarized and the future work is discussed. Key words: LPI, low probability of intercept, radar system on aircraft, radio frequency stealth, strategy. 国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论文 第 IV 页 表 目 录 表 2.1 不同类型目标对截获因子的影响 ......................................................... 7 表 2.2 雷达低截获技术对截获因子的改善......................................................... 9 表 2.3 典型截获接收机性能............................................................................... 10 表 3.1 典型机载雷达工作模式及性能参数....................................................... 37 表 3.2 发射功率减小对应的雷达、接收机探测距离损失............................... 37 表 3.3 照射目标时间对截获概率的影响........................................................... 45 表 4.1 战场发射机数量及参数........................................................................... 53 表 4.2 仿真模型低截获措施应用....................................................................... 55 表 4.3 发射功率管理位置点............................................................................... 57 表 4.4 仿真模型中三条航线截获概率对比....................................................... 57 国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论文 第 V 页 图 目 录 图 2.1 雷达探测距离与接收机截获距离示意图................................................. 5 图 2.2 (a)传统天线方向图 (b)LPI 天线方向图............................................... 8 图 2.3 截获接收机组网情况下波束覆盖区示意图........................................... 12 图 2.4 覆盖区几何图（含截获接收机网络）................................................... 13 图 2.5 多重搜索窗的重合示意图....................................................................... 14 图 2.6 覆盖区随掠射角、天线尺寸的变化....................................................... 18 图 2.7 接收机搜索时间对截获概率的影响....................................................... 19 图 2.8 接收机参数对截获概率的影响............................................................... 20 图 2.9 接收机密度对截获概率的影响............................................................... 20 图 3.1 地形遮蔽与掠射角的关系示例............................................................... 23 图 3.2 不同地形的瞬时遮蔽概率....................................................................... 24 图 3.3 视高几何图............................................................................................... 25 图 3.4 视高与距离的关系..........................................。