河南专升本英语翻译部分课件.ppt

专升本英语翻译部分,包括英译汉和汉译英,大纲要求,第四部分：翻译（Part IV Translation),共10题，考试时间为20分钟这一部分包括两节 A节（Section A）为英语译汉语，有5题，要求将阅读理解材料中标号的5个画线句子译成汉语本节测试目的是检查学生对常用句型和词语的综合理解和运用能力 B节（Section B）为汉译英，给出5个单句或包含5个句子的短文本节的测试目的是检查考生实际运用语言的综合能力翻译技巧,做好翻译的关键在于了解英汉两种语言的差异，把握两种语言不同用语习惯，按照“忠实”，“通顺”两大原则，是译文尽可能多的反映原文信息英汉两种语言在结构上存在较大差异应注意以下几点：,注意事项,英语信息重点在前，汉语信息重点在后 You will lose your chance if you don’t take action right now. 如果不马上采取行动，你就会坐失良机 英语多用复合长句汉语多用简单短句 Chilly gusts with a taste of rain in them had almost dispeopled the streets. 阵阵寒风，带着雨意，街上冷冷清清，几乎没有什么行人了,,注意事项,英语多被动，汉语多主动 He was asked by the local government to set up an injuries center at the hospital. 当地政府要求他在医院创建一个创伤医疗中心。

英语属静态语言，汉语属动态语言 That would be the confirmation that it was in general use. 这证明它的使用是十分普遍的英译汉,将英语译为汉语，需要注意两个层面，一个词汇，一个句法另外，句法中着重于从句词汇的翻译,词义选择根据上下文关系和自身搭配，选择正确的词义 It is quite another story now. 现在的情况完全不同了 This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣 The war is becoming the most important story of this generation. 这场战争将成为这代人生命中最重大的事件了词汇的翻译,词义的引申 delicate skin 娇嫩的皮肤 delicate porcelain 精致的瓷器 delicate health 虚弱的健康 delicate stomach容易吃坏的胃,,词汇的翻译,词义选择根据上下文关系和自身搭配，选择正确的 词义的褒贬 注意感情色彩 My brother’s ambition is becoming a pilot. Hitler’s ambition is to conquest the world.,,词汇的翻译,词义的转换 英语在表达上多用名词，形容词，介词，而汉语多用动词，副词 The very sight of it makes me nervous 一看到他，我就感到紧张。

Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 学习中必须进行独立思考2008.59）,,英文句式的翻译,增词法 They say her father was a worker in the small company. Maybe he was as poor as us. 听人说，以前她的父亲在一个小工厂里当工人他那时也许和我们现在一样穷 减词法 He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders. 他双手插进口袋，然后耸了耸肩英文句式的翻译,调整语序 常常需要把英文中位于主要信息之后的次要信息前移 定语前移 This is the best solution imaginable. 这是能想到的最好解决办法 状语前移 He had to quit the position and went to exile, having been deprived of his power. 他被剥夺了权力，只好离职，流落他乡英文句式的翻译,拆分法 They, not unexpectedly, did not respond. 他们没有答复，这完全是意料之中的事。

融合法 We look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more secrets of the universe. 我们期待有一天科学家们能揭开更多宇宙奥秘被动语态,译成汉语主动句 On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. 相反，他们的知识和经验更丰富了 By the end of the war more than 2000 people had been saved by the organization. 到战争结束时，这个组织拯救了2000多人的生命 To explore the moon’s surface,rockets were launched into the space again and again. 为了探测月球表面，人们不断向太空发射火箭2007.56),被动语态,译成汉语无主句，主要用于翻译被动句 The use of satellite makes it possible to observe the universe much better. 利用卫星能够更好地观察宇宙。

被动语态,借助“被，由，让，为，遭，加，予以，为 所” 等词译为汉语被动句 Nuclear power has been known to the scientist for a long time. 核能为科学家们所认识已经有很长时间了 译成汉语判断句 In addition, not all the technology is based on science. 另外，并不是所有的技术都是以科学为基础的肯定与否定,有些词汇本身带有否定意味，例如；avoid, before, beyond,deny,escape. It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 他无权签订这种合同 (2001.65),肯定与否定,双重否定 Its significance and importance can never be overemphasized. 关于这一点的意义和重要性，怎么强调也不为过 特殊结构 All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不都是金子2003.65) Nobody is admitted without permission. 未经允许，任何人不得入内。

主语从句,主语从句包含的信息为重要信息，位于句首 What he told me was only half-truth. 他告诉我的只是半真半假的东西而已2008.58）,主语从句,形式主语It 与accept,agree,argue,claim,report,say,suggest等动词连用，一般增补主语，或译为无主句 It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determined his character and later personality. 人们普遍认为，孩子早年的经历很大程度上决定了他们的性格和未来的人品宾语和表语从句,一般直译 I understand that he is well qualified,but I feel that he needs more experience. 我知道他很符合条件，但是我觉得他还需经验2008.62） I regard it an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting. 能被当选参加会议，我感带很荣幸。

事物并不总是如其表象 Things are not always as they seem to be. （2008.63）,同位语从句,同位语从句修饰的名词例如：hope,idea suggestion,statement,She had no idea why she thought of him suddenly. 她不明白自己为什么突然想起他来 He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.,定语从句,前置 Pollution is a pressing problem （which we must deal with right now）. 污染是我们现在就必须解决的一个迫切问题2007.60；2008.56）,后置，定语太长时 It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle 是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了（2007.65）状语从句,一般包括时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，目的，结果多位于句首。

Now all of us are here,let’s start our meeting. 既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧 She sat behind me so that I could not see the expression on her face. 她坐在我身后，我看不到她的表情汉译英,方法类似于英译汉中使用的方法Translate Chinese into English,常见方法,对应法 假如你不来，我就去看你 If you don’t come here, I will go to visit you. 改译法 他提醒我们要注意身体 He warned us to take care of ourselves 增译法 不知你是否完成了任务 I wonder whether you have finished you task. 许多商店开展‘买一赠一’的活动 Many departments provide service of “Buy One Get One Free”,常见方法,省译法 你们需要的是快速进步，而不是慢慢的进步 You need rapid progress, not slow. 调整顺序 我能在这儿坐一会吗？ Can I sit here for a while 好的建议，谁来提都无所谓。

If the suggestion is advisable, it does not matter who gives it. 不管晴天阴天，比赛准时进行 Rain or shine,the match will go on time.,转换语态和正反对译,这座桥将在今年年底建成 The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year. 我还没来得及拦住她，她就向大家宣布了这个消息 Before I could stop her,she shouted the news to everyone. 当时女孩子没有受教育的机会。