温故知新：古代二十四孝知多少？.doc

温故知新：古代二十四孝知多少？中国古代非常讲究忠孝二字，关于孝敬父母方面，元代郭居敬特别编写了《二十四孝》，这二十四孝是由历代二十四个孝子从不同角度、不同环境、不同遭遇行孝的故事集而成那么，这二十四孝分别是：孝感动天、戏彩娱亲、鹿乳奉亲、百里负米 、啮指痛心 、芦衣顺母 、亲尝汤药 、拾葚异器 、埋儿奉母 、卖身葬父 、刻木事亲 、涌泉跃鲤 、怀橘遗亲 、扇枕温衾、行佣供母 、闻雷泣墓 、哭竹生笋 、卧冰求鲤 、扼虎救父 、恣蚊饱血 、尝粪忧心 、乳姑不怠、涤亲溺器孝感动天舜，传说中的远古帝王，五帝之一，姓姚，名重华，号有虞氏，史称虞舜相传他的父亲瞽叟及继母、异母弟象，多次想害死他：让舜修补谷仓仓顶时，从谷仓下纵火，舜手持两个斗笠跳下逃脱;让舜掘井时，瞽叟与象却下土填井，舜掘地道逃脱事后舜毫不嫉恨，仍对父亲恭顺，对弟弟慈爱他的孝行感动了天帝舜在厉山耕种，大象替他耕地，鸟代他锄草帝尧听说舜非常孝顺，有处理政事的才干，把两个女儿娥皇和女英嫁给他;经过多年观察和考验，选定舜做他的继承人舜登天子位后，去看望父亲，仍然恭恭敬敬，并封象为诸侯亲尝汤药汉文帝刘恒，汉高祖第三子，为薄太后所生高后八年(前 180)即帝位。

他以仁孝之名，闻于天下，侍奉母亲从不懈怠母亲卧病三年，他常常目不交睫，衣不解带;母亲所服的汤药，他亲口尝过后才放心让母亲服用他在位 24年，重德治，兴礼仪，注意发展农业，使西汉社会稳定，人丁兴旺，经济得到恢复和发展，他与汉景帝的统治时期被誉为“文景之治”　　啮指痛心曾参，字子舆，春秋时期鲁国人，孔子的得意****，世称“曾子”，以孝著称少年时家贫，常入山打柴一天，家里来了客人，母亲不知所措，就用牙咬自己的手指曾参忽然觉得心疼，知道母亲在呼唤自己，便背着柴迅速返回家中，跪问缘故母亲说：“有客人忽然到来，我咬手指盼你回来曾参于是接见客人，以礼相待曾参学识渊博，曾提出“吾日三省吾身”(《论语·学而》)的修养方法，相传他著述有《大学》、《孝经》等儒家经典，后世儒家尊他为“宗圣”　　百里负米仲由，字子路、季路，春秋时期鲁国人，孔子的得意****，性格直率勇敢，十分孝顺早年家中贫穷，自己常常采野菜做饭食，却从百里之外负米回家侍奉双亲父母死后，他做了大官，奉命到楚国去，随从的车马有百乘之众，所积的粮食有万钟之多坐在垒叠的锦褥上，吃着丰盛的筵席，他常常怀念双亲，慨叹说：“即使我想吃野菜，为父母亲去负米，哪里能够再得呢?”孔子赞扬说：“你侍奉父母，可以说是生时尽力，死后思念哪!”(《孔子家语·致思》)　　芦衣顺母闵损，字子骞，春秋时期鲁国人，孔子的****，在孔门中以德行与颜渊并称。

孔子曾赞扬他说：“孝哉，闵子骞!”(《论语·先进》)他生母早死，父亲娶了后妻，又生了两个儿子继母经常虐待他，冬天，两个弟弟穿着用棉花做的冬衣，却给他穿用芦花做的“棉衣”一天，父亲出门，闵损牵车时因寒冷打颤，将绳子掉落地上，遭到父亲的斥责和鞭打，芦花随着打破的衣缝飞了出来，父亲方知闵损受到虐待父亲返回家，要休逐后妻闵损跪求父亲饶恕继母，说：“留下母亲只是我一个人受冷，休了母亲三个孩子都要挨冻父亲十分感动，就依了他继母听说，悔恨知错，从此对待他如亲子　　鹿乳奉亲郯子，春秋时期人父母年老，患眼疾，需饮鹿乳疗治他便披鹿皮进入深山，钻进鹿群中，挤取鹿乳，供奉双亲一次取乳时，看见猎人正要射杀一只麂鹿，郯子急忙掀起鹿皮现身走出，将挤取鹿乳为双亲医病的实情告知猎人，猎人敬他孝顺，以鹿乳相赠，护送他出山　　戏彩娱亲老莱子，春秋时期楚国隐士，为躲避世乱，自耕于蒙山南麓他孝顺父母，尽拣美味供奉双亲，70 岁尚不言老，常穿着五色彩衣，手持拨浪鼓如小孩子般戏耍，以博父母开怀一次为双亲送水，进屋时跌了一跤，他怕父母伤心，索性躺在地上学小孩子哭，二老大笑　　卖身葬父董永，相传为东汉时期千乘(今山东高青县北)人，少年丧母，因避兵乱迁居安陆(今属湖北 )。

其后父亲亡故，董永卖身至一富家为奴，换取丧葬费用上工路上，于槐荫下遇一女子，自言无家可归，二人结为夫妇女子以一月时间织成三百匹锦缎，为董永抵债赎身，返家途中，行至槐荫，女子告诉董永：自己是天帝之女，奉命帮助董永还债言毕凌空而去因此，槐荫改名为孝感　刻木事亲丁兰，相传为东汉时期河内(今河南黄河北) 人，幼年父母双亡，他经常思念父母的养育之恩，于是用木头刻成双亲的雕像，事之如生，凡事均和木像商议，每日三餐敬过双亲后自己方才食用，出门前一定禀告，回家后一定面见，从不懈怠久之，其妻对木像便不太恭敬了，竟好奇地用针刺木像的手指，而木像的手指居然有血流出丁兰回家见木像眼中垂泪，问知实情，遂将妻子休弃　　行佣供母江革，东汉时齐国临淄人，少年丧父，侍奉母亲极为孝顺战乱中，江革背着母亲逃难，几次遇到匪盗，贼人欲杀死他，江革哭告：老母年迈，无人奉养，贼人见他孝顺，不忍杀他后来，他迁居江苏下邳，做雇工供养母亲，自己贫穷赤脚，而母亲所需甚丰明帝时被推举为孝廉，章帝时被推举为贤良方正，任五官中郎将　　涤亲溺器黄庭坚，北宋分宁(今江西修水) 人，著名诗人、书法家虽身居高位，侍奉母亲却竭尽孝诚，每天晚上，都亲自为母亲洗涤溺器(便桶)，没有一天忘记儿子应尽的职责。

原标题 [中国古代的二十四孝都分别是什么?][THE TWENTY-FOUR PARAGONS OF FILIAL PIETY [ERSHISI XIAO]Modified from: http://online.sfsu.edu/~rone/paragons.htmTABLE OF CONTENTS1. Filial Conduct That Impressed The Gods: Shun The Great2. Personally Checking His Mother's Prescriptions: The Learned Emperor Of Han3. His Heart Was Pained When His Mother Bit Her Finger: Zeng Shen4. Clad In A Threadbare Jacket, He Tolerated His Cruel Stepmother: Min Ziqian5. Carrying Loads Of Rice On His Back To Feed His Parents: Zi Lu6. Entering Servitude To Pay For His Father's Funeral: Dong Yong7. Bringing Deers' Milk To His Ailing Parents: Young Master Tan8. Taking On Menial Labor To Support His Mother: Jiang Ge9. Stealing Oranges To Take Home For His Mother: Lu Ji10. Never Tiring Of Feeding Milk To Her Mother-In-Law: Lady Tang11. Attracting Mosquitos To Drink His Blood: Wu Meng12. Lying Down On The Ice To Get Carp For His Stepmother: Wang Xiang13. Burying His Son To Save His Mother: Guo Ju14. Wrestling With A Tiger To Save His Father: Yang Xiang15. Resigning Office To Search For His Mother: Zhu Shouchang16. Deeply Concerned, He Tasted His Father's Stool: Yu Qianlou17. Costumes And Pranks To Amuse His Parents: Lao Laizi18. Picking Mulberries For His Mother: Cai Shun19. He Fanned The Pillow And Warmed the Sheets: Huang Xiang20. A Bubbling Spring And Leaping Carp: Jiang Shi21. Crying By The Grave When Thunder Rolled: Wang Weiyuan22. Serving Wooden Statues Of His Parents: Ding Lan23. Tears That Brought Bamboo Shoots From The Frozen Earth: Meng Zong24. Personally Scrubbing His Mother's Chamber Pot: Huang Tingjian.Appendix: Excerpt from the Nü ershisi xiao tushuo (Illustrated Version of the Twenty-Four Paragons of Filial Piety for Women; Wu Jiayou, ed. [fl. 1850-1910]; Ming dynasty original)PrefaceThe book entitled The Twenty-four Paragons of Filial Piety was written by the Yuan Dynasty scholar Guo Jujing. His pen-name was Yizi, and he was a native of Datian County, in Fujian Province, China. Guo was not only a well-known poet, he was also a reknowned filial son in his own right. After his father passed away, Guo personally experienced the truth of the maxim:"The tree would prefer stillness, but the wind continues to blow.The child wishes to practice filial devotion, but his parents are already gone,"and he felt deep grief over his loss. His depth of feeling prompted him to comb the histories in search of true stories of the finest examples of filial respect, as practiced by devoted children throughout the centuries. He selected twenty-four such paragons, and penned a verse to eulogize each authentic account of filial practice. Then he told a story of the events that lead to each son or daughter's examplary conduct. The book that resulted from。