管理学与组织学国际主流理论梳理汇编总结课件.pptx

Mainstream Theories in Management and OrganizationYADONG LUO1组织与管理研究的主流理论陆亚东 中山大学管理学院Theories of Exchange 关于交换的理论 • Economic Perspectives 经济学视角 • Social Exchange Perspectives 社会交换视角 • Socioeconomic Perspectives 社会经济学视角 2Theories of Environment Alignment 关于环境应配的理论 • Institutional Views 制度观点 • Strategic Views 战略观点 • Co-evolving Views 共演观点 • Ecological Views 生态观点Theories of Boundary Spanning 关于跨越边界的理论 • Boundary spanning theory 跨边界理论 • Loose coupling theory 松散耦合理论 • Information processing theory 信息处理理论Theories of Firm Growth 关于企业成长的理论 • Classical Theory of Firm Growth 企业成长的古典理论 • Resource-based view 资源基础观 • Knowledge-based view 知识基础观 • Organizational learning theory 组织学习理论 • Dynamic capability Theory 动态能力理论Mainstream Theories in Management but Oliver Williamson’s work is much more distinctive科斯（ Ronald Coase）在1937年提出了关于企业的交易成本经济学理论，他是最早（从新古典的角度 ）定义企业与市场在理论上联系的学者之一；但奥利佛•威廉姆森（ Oliver Williamson）的作品则更加 出彩。

A transaction cost is a cost incurred in making an economic exchange. It includes (a) search and information costs (b) bargaining and decision costs and (c) policing and enforcement costs. It was later extended to coordination cost, governance cost, and opportunism between exchange members (intra and inter-organizational)交易成本是指经济交换过程中产生的成本它包括(a)搜寻和信息成本、(b)议价和决策成本以及(c)执 行成本之后，该定义扩展至协调成本、治理成本和（发生在组织内部和组织之间的）交换成员间的机 会主义TCE’s two assumptions: Bounded rationality and opportunism which can be curbed by reputation (rather than the law, because of the difficulty of negotiating, writing and enforcement of contracts)交易成本经济学的两大假设为：有限理性和受到声誉（而非法律，因为契约的谈判、草拟和执行都存在 困难）约束的机会主义5Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) 交易成本经济学（TCE）Three dimensions to characterize any transactions: Frequency, uncertainty, and asset specificity, which jointly determine the structure or choice of efficient governance描述交易的三大维度：交易频率、不确定性和资产专用性，它们共同决定了有效治理模式的结 构和选择TCE suggests that the costs and difficulties associated with market transactions sometimes favor hierarchies (or in-house production) and sometimes markets as an economic governance structure. An intermediate mechanism is called hybrid or relational交易成本经济学认为，市场交易的成本和困难决定了有时候选择层级治理（机构内部生产）作 为经济治理结构更好，有时候则选择市场更佳。

两者之间存在着混合机制，也称相关机制6Transaction Cost Economics (TCE): 交易成本经济学（TCE） Governance Choice 治理模式的选择Market Governance 市场治理 Bilateral Governance 双边治理Trilateral Governance 三边治理 Unified Governance 单边治理Investment Characteristics (Asset Specificity) 投资的特性（资产专用性）Nonspecific 非专用的Mixed 混合的Idiosyncratic 特殊专用的Occasional 偶尔的Recurrent 经常的Frequency 频率Efficient Governance 有效的治理模式7What TCE Is and Is Not 交易成本经济学并非Explains what most efficient form of governance should be, given certain transactional attributes  a functionalistfunctionalist argument给出在特定的交易属性下最有效的治理模式 实用主义的争论What is missing? PoliticsPolitics: Who are the actors? What are their interests? What is their power? 缺了什么？政治政治：谁是参与者？他们的利益是什么？他们的权力是什么 ？8Further Readings on TCE 交易成本经济学的拓展阅读Williamson, O.E. 1979. Transaction cost economics: The governance of contractual relations. J. of Law and Economics, 22: 233-261Williamson, O.E. 1985. Economic institutions of capitalism. New York: Free PressWilliamson, O.E. 1991. Comparative economic organization: The analysis of discrete structural alternatives. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36: 269-296Williamson, O.E. 1993. Calculativeness, trust, and economic organization. J. of Law and Economics, 36: 453-4869(Theories of Exchange – Economic Theories) （关于交换的理论——经济学理论）Industrial Organization (IO) Theory 产业组织理论Industrial organization is a field of economics that studies the strategic behavior of firms, the structure of market and their interactions (Economics of Imperfect Competition)产业组织是一门研究企业的战略行为、市场结构和它们之间互动关系的经济学。

不完全竞争经济学 ）A firm’s performance in the marketplace depends critically on the characteristics of the industry environment in which it competes企业在市场中的表现很大程度上取决于它所在产业环境的特征Industry structure determines the behavior or conduct of firms, whose joint conduct then determines the collective performance of the firms in the marketplace产业结构决定了企业的行为，市场中所有企业的行为共同决定了这些企业的整体绩效An important branch of IO research is Oligopoly Theory seeking to specify the link between industry structure and firm-to-firm rivalry寡头理论是产业组织研究中的一个重要分支，主要研究产业结构和企业与企业间竞争的关系。

10Industrial Organization (IO) Theory 产业组织理论IO has many limitations 产业组织理论有很多的局限性 IO has a static perspective 产业组织理论是一种静态的观点 IO views the firm as a free-standing and passive entity 产业组织理论认为企业是独立和被动的 Structure-conduct-performance is not one way but two ways 结构-行为-绩效（SCP）间的关系并非单向的，而是双向的11Further Readings on IO Theory 产业组织理论的拓展阅读Bain, Joe. 1968. Industrial organization. NY: WileyCaves, R.E. 1980: Industrial organization, corporate strategy, and structure. Journal of Economic Literature, 18(1): 64-92Caves, R.E., Porter, M.E. headquarters-offshore units; franchising; outsourcing; client-professional service provider, etc)Ø现在，人们在更多的场合中使用代理理论（例如：母公司与子公司关系；总部与海外分部；连 锁；外包；客户与专业服务公司等）18Agency Theory 代理理论qJensen a。